The Global Quantum 2.0 Market 2026-2036

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Published: February 2026
Pages: 632
Tables: 185
Figures: 88

The term "Quantum 2.0" refers to the second quantum revolution—a transformative shift from passively understanding quantum mechanics to actively engineering and controlling quantum systems at the individual particle level. While the first quantum revolution of the early-to-mid 20th century gave rise to technologies that rely on quantum physics but do not directly manipulate quantum states—such as transistors, lasers, MRI machines, and semiconductors—Quantum 2.0 represents humanity's ability to deliberately harness phenomena like superposition, entanglement, and quantum coherence to build fundamentally new technologies with capabilities far exceeding their classical counterparts.

The Quantum 2.0 market encompasses four primary technology pillars: quantum computing, quantum sensing, quantum communications, and quantum simulation. Quantum computing leverages qubits to solve certain computational problems exponentially faster than classical computers, with applications spanning drug discovery, financial optimization, cryptography, and artificial intelligence. Quantum sensing exploits the extreme sensitivity of quantum systems to external perturbations, enabling unprecedented precision in measurements of time, magnetic fields, gravity, and inertial forces. Quantum communications, including quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum random number generation (QRNG), provide theoretically unhackable security based on the fundamental laws of physics. Quantum simulation allows researchers to model complex molecular and material systems that are intractable for classical computers, accelerating breakthroughs in pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and materials science.

The market has witnessed unprecedented investment growth, with cumulative private funding exceeding $5 billion since 2012 and government initiatives worldwide committing over $40 billion to quantum research and development. Major national programmes include the United States National Quantum Initiative, the European Union's €1 billion Quantum Flagship, the United Kingdom's £1 billion National Quantum Technologies Programme, and China's estimated $15 billion quantum investment strategy. This surge in funding reflects the recognition that quantum technologies represent both a critical economic opportunity and a strategic national capability for the 21st century.

End-use industries driving Quantum 2.0 adoption span virtually every sector of the economy. Financial services institutions are exploring quantum algorithms for portfolio optimization, risk analysis, and fraud detection. Pharmaceutical and healthcare companies are leveraging quantum simulation for drug discovery and molecular modelling. Aerospace and defence organizations are deploying quantum sensors for navigation, secure communications, and threat detection. Energy and utilities companies are investigating quantum optimization for grid management and materials discovery for next-generation batteries. The automotive industry is applying quantum computing to battery chemistry, autonomous vehicle development, and supply chain optimization.

The market faces significant challenges that must be addressed to achieve widespread commercialization. These include the need for improved qubit coherence times and error rates, the development of fault-tolerant quantum error correction, the scaling of quantum systems to commercially relevant sizes, the reduction of extreme cooling requirements for certain platforms, and the cultivation of a skilled quantum workforce. Additionally, the emergence of quantum computers poses an existential threat to current cryptographic infrastructure, driving urgent demand for post-quantum cryptography solutions.

Despite these challenges, the Quantum 2.0 market is projected to experience robust growth over the forecast period. The total addressable market across quantum computing, sensing, communications, and related technologies is expected to grow from approximately $3 billion in 2026 to over $50 billion by 2036, representing a compound annual growth rate exceeding 30%. Quantum computing hardware, software, and services will constitute the largest segment, followed by quantum sensing and quantum communications. The competitive landscape features a diverse ecosystem of technology giants, well-funded startups, national laboratories, and academic institutions. Companies are pursuing multiple qubit modalities—including superconducting, trapped ion, neutral atom, photonic, silicon spin, and topological approaches—each offering distinct advantages in scalability, coherence, and manufacturability. As the market matures, consolidation, strategic partnerships, and the emergence of dominant technology platforms are anticipated to reshape the industry structure and accelerate the path toward practical quantum advantage.

The Global Quantum 2.0 Market 2026-2036 provides comprehensive analysis of the second quantum revolution—a transformative technological shift enabling humanity to actively engineer and control quantum systems at the individual particle level. This definitive market research report delivers in-depth coverage of quantum computing, quantum sensing, quantum communications, quantum simulation, and quantum machine learning technologies, offering strategic insights for investors, technology developers, end-users, and policymakers navigating this rapidly evolving landscape.

Quantum 2.0 technologies harness fundamental quantum mechanical phenomena including superposition, entanglement, and quantum coherence to deliver capabilities far exceeding classical systems. The market encompasses quantum computers utilizing superconducting, trapped ion, neutral atom, photonic, silicon spin, topological, and diamond-defect qubit platforms. Quantum sensing applications span atomic clocks, magnetometers (SQUIDs, OPMs, TMR, NV centers), gravimeters, gyroscopes, image sensors, RF sensors, quantum radar and LiDAR, and single photon detectors delivering unprecedented measurement precision. Quantum communications technologies including quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum random number generators (QRNGs), and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) provide theoretically unbreakable security foundations for critical infrastructure protection. Quantum simulation—utilizing neutral atom, trapped ion, superconducting circuit, and photonic platforms—enables molecular and chemical simulation, materials discovery, high-energy physics research, condensed matter physics, and drug discovery applications intractable for classical computers.

This report delivers detailed technology assessments, competitive landscape analysis, and granular ten-year market forecasts segmented by technology, application, end-use industry, and geography. Investment analysis covers cumulative funding exceeding $5 billion since 2012, with government initiatives worldwide committing over $40 billion to quantum research and development. Regional analysis examines quantum ecosystems across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and emerging markets, including detailed coverage of national quantum initiatives in the United States, China, European Union, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Netherlands, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Singapore, and India.

End-use market analysis provides actionable intelligence across pharmaceuticals and drug discovery, financial services, chemicals and materials science, transportation and automotive, aerospace and defence, energy and utilities, healthcare, telecommunications, and government sectors. The report examines quantum machine learning applications, quantum chemistry simulation capabilities, and the emerging quantum materials supply chain including superconductors, photonic integrated circuits, VCSELs, semiconductor single photon detectors, nanomaterials, and synthetic diamond.

Technology readiness assessments, SWOT analyses, and detailed roadmaps enable strategic planning across hardware platforms, software ecosystems, and application domains. Extensive company profiles deliver competitive intelligence on over 150 quantum technology developers, enabling informed partnership, investment, and procurement decisions.

Report Contents include:

Quantum 2.0 market definition and key findings
Technology readiness assessment by platform
Investment landscape analysis 2012-2026 (by technology segment, application, company, region)
Global government funding and initiatives
Market drivers, challenges, and SWOT analysis
Quantum 2.0 market map and value chain
Ten-year market forecasts 2026-2036 (by technology, end-use industry, region)
Introduction to Quantum 2.0 Technologies
- First and second quantum revolutions
- Quantum mechanics principles (superposition, entanglement, coherence, tunneling)
- Quantum 2.0 technology ecosystem
- Classical vs. quantum technologies comparison
- Enabling technologies, infrastructure, and standards development
Quantum Computing
- Quantum algorithms (Shor's, Grover's, VQE, QAOA)
- Benchmarking and performance metrics (qubit count, gate fidelity, coherence times, quantum volume)
- Hardware platforms analysis (superconducting, trapped ion, neutral atom, silicon spin, topological, photonic, diamond-defect, quantum annealers)
- Architectural approaches (modular vs. single core, heterogeneous multi-qubit)
- Infrastructure requirements and data center integration
- Quantum computing software and cloud-based services (QCaaS)
- Error correction and fault tolerance
- Market forecasts (hardware, software, services, installed base by system and technology)
Quantum Sensing
- Atomic clocks (bench/rack-scale, chip-scale, optical)
- Quantum magnetic field sensors (SQUIDs, OPMs, TMR, NV centers)
- Quantum gravimeters
- Quantum gyroscopes and inertial sensors
- Quantum image sensors
- Quantum radar and LiDAR
- Quantum RF sensors
- Single photon detectors (SPADs, SNSPDs)
- Quantum navigation
- Quantum sensor components
- Market forecasts (by sensor type, volume, price, end-use industry)
Quantum Communications
- Quantum key distribution (QKD protocols: BB84, CV-QKD, DV-QKD, MDI-QKD; fiber-based and satellite QKD)
- Quantum random number generators (entropy sources, standards development, applications)
- Post-quantum cryptography (lattice-based, code-based, hash-based, multivariate; NIST standardization)
- Quantum networks and quantum internet (repeaters, memory, entanglement distribution)
- Market forecasts by technology and end-use industry
Quantum Machine Learning
- Classical vs. quantum computing paradigms for ML
- QML algorithms (quantum neural networks, variational quantum classifiers, quantum kernel methods)
- Advantages, challenges, and limitations
- QML applications by industry
- QML roadmap and market forecasts
Quantum Simulation
- Analog vs. digital quantum simulation
- Quantum simulation platforms (neutral atom, trapped ion, superconducting circuit, photonic)
- Applications (molecular/chemical simulation, materials discovery, high-energy physics, condensed matter physics, drug discovery and protein folding)
- Quantum chemistry simulation
- SWOT analysis and market forecasts
End-Use Markets and Applications
- Pharmaceuticals and drug discovery (molecular simulations, genomics, protein folding, diagnostics)
- Financial services (portfolio optimization, risk assessment, algorithmic trading, fraud detection)
- Chemicals and materials science (molecular modeling, catalyst design, battery design, carbon capture)
- Transportation and automotive (battery chemistry, autonomous vehicles, supply chain optimization)
- Aerospace and defence (navigation, secure communications, simulation)
- Energy and utilities (grid optimization, renewable energy, carbon capture)
- Healthcare and medical (MEG/MRI imaging, diagnostics, personalized medicine)
- Telecommunications (network optimization, quantum-secure networks)
- Government and public sector
- Quantum chemistry and artificial intelligence
Materials in Quantum Technology
- Materials for quantum computing, sensing, and communications
- Superconductors (value chain, fabrication, SQUIDs, SNSPDs, KIDs, TESs)
- Photonics and silicon photonics (PICs for quantum computing, sensing, communications; photonic packaging)
- VCSELs for quantum sensing
- Semiconductor single photon detectors
- Nanomaterials (2D materials, carbon nanotubes, MOFs)
- Artificial diamond (supply chain, quantum grade diamond, silicon-vacancy memory)
- Materials market forecasts
Regional Market Analysis
- North America (United States, Canada)
- Europe (EU initiatives, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Netherlands)
- Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Singapore, India)
- Rest of World
- Government initiatives comparison
Consolidated Market Forecasts 2026-2036
- Total quantum 2.0 market
- By technology segment (computing, sensing, communications, machine learning)
- By end-use industry
- By region
Company Profiles

150+ company profiles with technology descriptions, products, funding, and strategic positioning. Companies profiled include 1QBit, A* Quantum, Adaptive Finance Technologies, Agnostiq, Airbus, Alibaba Quantum Laboratory, Alice & Bob, Aliro Quantum, Alpine Quantum Technologies (AQT), AOSense, Archer Materials, Arqit, Atom Computing, Bleximo, Bosch, C12 Quantum Electronics, Classiq Technologies, ColdQuanta/Infleqtion, Crypto4A, Crypta Labs, D-Wave Systems, Delft Circuits, Diraq, evolutionQ, Exail/Muquans, FormFactor, Good Chemistry Company, Google Quantum AI, Horizon Quantum Computing, IBM Quantum, IBM Research, ID Quantique, Infineon, Intel Labs, IonQ, IQM Quantum Computers, ISARA, KETS Quantum Security, Keysight Technologies, levelQuantum, LQUOM, LuxQuanta, Maybell Quantum, memQ, Menten AI, Microsoft and more......

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 34

1.1 The Second Quantum Revolution: Quantum 2.0 Defined 34
1.2 Market Overview and Key Findings 35
1.3 Current Quantum Technology Market Landscape 37
- 1.3.1 Key Developments 2024-2026 37
- 1.3.2 Technology Readiness Assessment 38
1.4 Quantum Technologies Investment Landscape 39
- 1.4.1 Total Market Investments 2012-2026 40
- 1.4.2 By Technology Segment 42
- 1.4.3 By Application 43
- 1.4.4 By Company 45
- 1.4.5 By Region 45
  - 1.4.5.1 North America 45
  - 1.4.5.2 Asia-Pacific 46
  - 1.4.5.3 Europe 47
  - 1.4.5.4 Rest of World 49
1.5 Global Government Funding and Initiatives 49
1.6 Market Drivers and Growth Factors 51
1.7 Challenges for Quantum Technologies Adoption 52
1.8 Quantum 2.0 Market Map 54
1.9 SWOT Analysis 55
1.10 Quantum 2.0 Value Chain 56
1.11 Global Market Forecast 2026-2036 57
- 1.11.1 Total Market Revenues 58
- 1.11.2 By Technology Segment 60
- 1.11.3 By End-Use Industry 61
- 1.11.4 By Region 62

2 INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM 2.0 TECHNOLOGIES 63

2.1 First and Second Quantum Revolutions 63
2.2 Quantum Mechanics Principles 64
- 2.2.1 Superposition 64
- 2.2.2 Entanglement 65
- 2.2.3 Quantum Coherence 67
- 2.2.4 Quantum Tunneling 68
2.3 The Quantum 2.0 Technology Ecosystem 69
2.4 Comparison: Classical vs. Quantum Technologies 71
2.5 Enabling Technologies and Infrastructure 72
2.6 Standards Development 72

3 QUANTUM COMPUTING 73

3.1 What is Quantum Computing? 74
3.2 Quantum Algorithms 75
- 3.2.1 Shor's Algorithm 75
- 3.2.2 Grover's Algorithm 75
- 3.2.3 Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) 75
- 3.2.4 Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) 76
3.3 Benchmarking and Performance Metrics 76
- 3.3.1 Qubit Count 76
- 3.3.2 Gate Fidelity 76
- 3.3.3 Coherence Times 77
- 3.3.4 Quantum Volume 78
3.4 Quantum Computing Hardware Platforms 81
- 3.4.1 Superconducting Qubits 83
  - 3.4.1.1 Technology Description 83
  - 3.4.1.2 Initialization, Manipulation, and Readout 84
  - 3.4.1.3 Materials 85
  - 3.4.1.4 Hardware Architecture 86
  - 3.4.1.5 Market Players 88
  - 3.4.1.6 Roadmap 90
  - 3.4.1.7 SWOT Analysis 91
- 3.4.2 Trapped Ion Qubits 92
- 3.4.3 Technology Description 93
  - 3.4.3.1 Initialization, Manipulation, and Readout 95
  - 3.4.3.2 Hardware 96
  - 3.4.3.3 Materials 97
  - 3.4.3.4 Market Players 98
  - 3.4.3.5 Roadmap 100
  - 3.4.3.6 SWOT Analysis 101
- 3.4.4 Neutral Atom Qubits 102
  - 3.4.4.1 Technology Description 102
  - 3.4.4.2 Initialization, Manipulation, and Readout 104
  - 3.4.4.3 Market Players 106
  - 3.4.4.4 Roadmap 107
  - 3.4.4.5 SWOT Analysis 108
- 3.4.5 Silicon Spin Qubits 110
  - 3.4.5.1 Technology Description 110
  - 3.4.5.2 Initialization, Manipulation, and Readout 111
  - 3.4.5.3 Quantum Dots 112
  - 3.4.5.4 Integration with CMOS Electronics 113
  - 3.4.5.5 Market Players 114
  - 3.4.5.6 Roadmap 115
  - 3.4.5.7 SWOT Analysis 116
- 3.4.6 Topological Qubits 117
  - 3.4.6.1 Technology Description 118
  - 3.4.6.2 Cryogenic Cooling 119
  - 3.4.6.3 Initialization, Manipulation, and Readout 119
  - 3.4.6.4 Scaling Topological Qubit Arrays 120
  - 3.4.6.5 Market Players 121
  - 3.4.6.6 Roadmap 123
  - 3.4.6.7 SWOT Analysis 124
- 3.4.7 Photonic Qubits 125
  - 3.4.7.1 Technology Description 125
  - 3.4.7.2 Initialization, Manipulation, and Readout 128
  - 3.4.7.3 Hardware Architecture 129
  - 3.4.7.4 Market Players 130
  - 3.4.7.5 Roadmap 131
  - 3.4.7.6 SWOT Analysis 132
- 3.4.8 Diamond-Defect (NV Center) Qubits 133
  - 3.4.8.1 Technology Description 134
  - 3.4.8.2 Materials 135
  - 3.4.8.3 Market Players 137
  - 3.4.8.4 Roadmap 138
  - 3.4.8.5 SWOT Analysis 139
- 3.4.9 Quantum Annealers 140
  - 3.4.9.1 Technology Description 140
  - 3.4.9.2 Commercial Applications 141
  - 3.4.9.3 Market Players 143
  - 3.4.9.4 Roadmap 144
  - 3.4.9.5 SWOT Analysis 145
3.5 Architectural Approaches 146
- 3.5.1 Modular vs. Single Core 146
- 3.5.2 Heterogeneous Multi-Qubit Architectures 147
3.6 Quantum Computing Infrastructure Requirements 148
3.7 Quantum Computing Software 150
- 3.7.1 Development Platforms 150
- 3.7.2 Cloud-Based Services (QCaaS) 151
- 3.7.3 Market Players 151
3.8 Business Models 151
3.9 Error Correction and Fault Tolerance 151
3.10 Quantum Computing in Data Centers 151
3.11 Market Challenges 151
3.12 Market Opportunities 151
3.13 Market Forecasts 151
- 3.13.1 Total Market Revenues 151
- 3.13.2 Hardware Revenues 152
- 3.13.3 Software and Services Revenues 154
- 3.13.4 Installed Base Forecast by System 155
- 3.13.5 Installed Base Forecast by Technology 158
- 3.13.6 Pricing Analysis 160

4 QUANTUM SENSING 162

4.1 What is Quantum Sensing? 162
4.2 Quantum Sensing Principles 163
4.3 Comparison: Classical vs. Quantum Sensors 163
4.4 Value Proposition for Quantum Sensors 164
4.5 Applications Overview 165
4.6 Atomic Clocks 168
- 4.6.1 Technology Overview 168
- 4.6.2 Quartz Crystal vs. Atomic Clocks 169
- 4.6.3 Types of Atomic Clocks 169
  - 4.6.3.1 Bench/Rack-Scale Atomic Clocks 170
  - 4.6.3.2 Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks (CSAC) 170
  - 4.6.3.3 Optical Atomic Clocks 171
- 4.6.4 New Modalities in Research 172
- 4.6.5 End Users and Addressable Markets 173
- 4.6.6 Market Players 173
4.7 Quantum Magnetic Field Sensors 176
- 4.7.1 Technology Overview 176
  - 4.7.1.1 Measuring Magnetic Fields 176
  - 4.7.1.2 Sensitivity 177
  - 4.7.1.3 Motivation for Use 178
- 4.7.2 Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) 179
  - 4.7.2.1 Operating Principle 179
  - 4.7.2.2 Applications 180
  - 4.7.2.3 Market Players 180
  - 4.7.2.4 SWOT Analysis 182
- 4.7.3 Optically Pumped Magnetometers (OPMs) 182
  - 4.7.3.1 Operating Principle 182
  - 4.7.3.2 Applications 182
  - 4.7.3.3 Miniaturization 183
  - 4.7.3.4 Navigation Applications 184
  - 4.7.3.5 MEMS Manufacturing 185
  - 4.7.3.6 Market Players 185
  - 4.7.3.7 SWOT Analysis 186
- 4.7.4 Tunneling Magnetoresistance (TMR) Sensors 187
  - 4.7.4.1 Operating Principle 187
  - 4.7.4.2 Applications 188
  - 4.7.4.3 Market Players 188
  - 4.7.4.4 SWOT Analysis 190
- 4.7.5 Nitrogen-Vacancy (N-V) Center Sensors 190
  - 4.7.5.1 Operating Principle 190
  - 4.7.5.2 Applications 191
  - 4.7.5.3 Synthetic Diamonds 192
  - 4.7.5.4 Market Players 193
  - 4.7.5.5 SWOT Analysis 194
- 4.7.6 Market Forecasts by Type 195
4.8 Quantum Gravimeters 196
- 4.8.1 Technology Overview 196
- 4.8.2 Operating Principle 196
- 4.8.3 Applications 197
- 4.8.4 Commercial Deployment 198
- 4.8.5 Comparison with Other Technologies 198
- 4.8.6 Market Players 199
- 4.8.7 Roadmap 200
- 4.8.8 Market Forecasts 201
4.9 Quantum Gyroscopes and Inertial Sensors 202
- 4.9.1 Technology Overview 202
- 4.9.2 Comparison with MEMS and Optical Gyroscopes 203
- 4.9.3 Markets and Applications 203
- 4.9.4 Market Players 204
- 4.9.5 Roadmap 205
- 4.9.6 Market Forecasts 206
4.10 Quantum Image Sensors 207
- 4.10.1 Types and Key Features 207
- 4.10.2 Applications 208
- 4.10.3 Market Players 208
4.11 Quantum Radar and LiDAR 210
- 4.11.1 Technology Overview 210
- 4.11.2 Comparison with Conventional Systems 210
- 4.11.3 Applications 211
- 4.11.4 Market Forecasts 212
4.12 Quantum RF Sensors 213
- 4.12.1 Value Proposition 213
- 4.12.2 Types of Quantum RF Sensors 214
- 4.12.3 Markets 215
- 4.12.4 Technology Transition Milestones 215
- 4.12.5 Market Forecasts 216
4.13 Single Photon Detectors 217
- 4.13.1 Technology Overview 217
- 4.13.2 Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) 218
- 4.13.3 Superconducting Nanowire SPDs (SNSPDs) 219
- 4.13.4 Applications 220
- 4.13.5 Technology Comparison 220
- 4.13.6 Market Players 222
- 4.13.7 Roadmap 223
4.14 Quantum Navigation 223
4.15 Quantum Sensor Components 225
4.16 Market and Technology Challenges 226
4.17 Market Opportunities 227
4.18 Quantum Sensors Market Forecasts 229
- 4.18.1 By Sensor Type 229
- 4.18.2 By Volume 230
- 4.18.3 By Sensor Price 231
- 4.18.4 By End-Use Industry 233

5 QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS 234

5.1 Overview of Quantum Communications 234
5.2 Main Types of Quantum Communications 235
5.3 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) 236
- 5.3.1 Technology Overview 236
- 5.3.2 QKD Protocols 237
  - 5.3.2.1 BB84 Protocol 238
  - 5.3.2.2 CV-QKD (Continuous Variable) 239
  - 5.3.2.3 DV-QKD (Discrete Variable) 240
  - 5.3.2.4 MDI-QKD (Measurement Device Independent) 241
- 5.3.3 Fiber-Based QKD 242
- 5.3.4 Free-Space and Satellite QKD 242
- 5.3.5 Applications 243
- 5.3.6 Market Players 244
- 5.3.7 Market Forecasts by End-Use Industry 245
5.4 Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) 246
- 5.4.1 Technology Overview 248
- 5.4.2 Advantages 249
- 5.4.3 QRNG Product Design and Technology Evolution 249
- 5.4.4 Entropy Sources 250
  - 5.4.4.1 Photon Sources and Detection 250
  - 5.4.4.2 Electron Tunnelling 251
  - 5.4.4.3 Double Quantum 252
  - 5.4.4.4 Radioactive Decay 253
  - 5.4.4.5 Blended vs. Non-Blended Sources 254
- 5.4.5 High Throughput as Key Differentiator 255
- 5.4.6 Standards Development 256
  - 5.4.6.1 NIST Standards 256
  - 5.4.6.2 ITU Standards 257
  - 5.4.6.3 Other Standards Organizations 258
- 5.4.7 Applications 259
  - 5.4.7.1 Quantum Security and QKD 259
  - 5.4.7.2 QRNGs in Casinos and Lotteries 260
  - 5.4.7.3 QRNGs in Mobile Phones and Other Mobile Devices 260
  - 5.4.7.4 QRNGs and IoT Security 261
  - 5.4.7.5 Government and Defense Applications 262
  - 5.4.7.6 Enterprise Networks and Data Centers 263
  - 5.4.7.7 Automotive Applications 264
  - 5.4.7.8 Online Gaming 265
- 5.4.8 Market Players 266
- 5.4.9 Market Forecasts 268
5.5 Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) 270
- 5.5.1 Overview and Threat Landscape 270
- 5.5.2 PQC Approaches 271
  - 5.5.2.1 Lattice-Based Cryptography 272
  - 5.5.2.2 Code-Based Cryptography 273
  - 5.5.2.3 Hash-Based Signatures 274
  - 5.5.2.4 Multivariate Cryptography 274
- 5.5.3 NIST Standardization Process 276
- 5.5.4 Market Players 277
- 5.5.5 Market Forecasts 278
5.6 Quantum Networks and Quantum Internet 279
- 5.6.1 Quantum Repeaters 279
- 5.6.2 Quantum Memory 280
- 5.6.3 Entanglement Distribution 281
5.7 Market Challenges 282
5.8 Market Opportunities 283

6 QUANTUM MACHINE LEARNING 283

6.1 What is Quantum Machine Learning? 283
6.2 Classical vs. Quantum Computing Paradigms for ML 284
6.3 Quantum Mechanical Principles for ML 285
6.4 Machine Learning Fundamentals 286
6.5 The Intersection: Why Combine Quantum and ML? 287
6.6 QML Phases and Evolution 288
- 6.6.1 The First Phase of QML 289
- 6.6.2 The Second Phase of QML 290
6.7 Algorithms and Software for QML 292
- 6.7.1 Quantum Neural Networks 292
- 6.7.2 Variational Quantum Classifiers 293
- 6.7.3 Quantum Kernel Methods 294
6.8 Advantages of QML 295
- 6.8.1 Improved Optimization and Generalization 295
- 6.8.2 Quantum Advantage in ML 296
- 6.8.3 Training Advantages and Opportunities 297
- 6.8.4 Improved Accuracy 298
6.9 Challenges and Limitations 299
- 6.9.1 Hardware Constraints 299
- 6.9.2 Costs 300
- 6.9.3 Nascent Technology 301
- 6.9.4 Training Challenges 302
- 6.9.5 Quantum Memory Issues 303
6.10 QML Applications 304
6.11 QML Roadmap 305
6.12 Market Players 307
6.13 Market Forecasts 308

7 QUANTUM SIMULATION 310

7.1 What is Quantum Simulation? 310
7.2 Analog vs. Digital Quantum Simulation 311
7.3 Quantum Simulation Platforms 312
- 7.3.1 Neutral Atom Simulators 312
- 7.3.2 Trapped Ion Simulators 314
- 7.3.3 Superconducting Circuit Simulators 315
- 7.3.4 Photonic Simulators 316
7.4 Applications of Quantum Simulation 317
- 7.4.1 Molecular and Chemical Simulation 317
- 7.4.2 Materials Discovery 318
- 7.4.3 High-Energy Physics 320
- 7.4.4 Condensed Matter Physics 321
- 7.4.5 Drug Discovery and Protein Folding 322
7.5 Quantum Chemistry Simulation 324
7.6 Market Players 329
7.7 SWOT Analysis 331
7.8 Market Forecasts 332

8 END-USE MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS 335

8.1 Overview 335
8.2 Pharmaceuticals and Drug Discovery 339
- 8.2.1 Market Overview 339
- 8.2.2 Drug Discovery Applications 340
- 8.2.3 Molecular Simulations 341
- 8.2.4 Genomics 342
- 8.2.5 Protein and RNA Folding 343
- 8.2.6 Diagnostics 344
- 8.2.7 Market Players 345
8.3 Financial Services 346
- 8.3.1 Market Overview 346
- 8.3.2 Portfolio Optimization 347
- 8.3.3 Risk Assessment 348
- 8.3.4 Algorithmic Trading 349
- 8.3.5 Fraud Detection 350
- 8.3.6 Market Players 351
8.4 Chemicals and Materials Science 352
- 8.4.1 Market Overview 352
- 8.4.2 Molecular Modeling and Simulation 354
- 8.4.3 Catalyst Design 354
- 8.4.4 Materials Discovery 355
- 8.4.5 Battery Design 356
- 8.4.6 Carbon Capture 357
- 8.4.7 Market Players 358
8.5 Transportation and Automotive 360
- 8.5.1 Market Overview 360
- 8.5.2 Battery Chemistry Optimization 361
- 8.5.3 Autonomous Vehicles 362
- 8.5.4 Supply Chain and Logistics Optimization 363
- 8.5.5 Traffic Optimization 364
- 8.5.6 Market Players 365
8.6 Aerospace and Defense 366
- 8.6.1 Market Overview 366
- 8.6.2 Navigation and Positioning 367
- 8.6.3 Secure Communications 368
- 8.6.4 Simulation and Optimization 369
8.7 Energy and Utilities 371
- 8.7.1 Grid Optimization 371
- 8.7.2 Renewable Energy Integration 372
- 8.7.3 Carbon Capture Optimization 373
8.8 Healthcare and Medical 375
- 8.8.1 Medical Imaging (MEG, MRI) 375
- 8.8.2 Diagnostics 376
- 8.8.3 Personalized Medicine 377
8.9 Telecommunications 378
- 8.9.1 Network Optimization 378
- 8.9.2 Quantum-Secure Networks 380
8.10 Government and Public Sector 381
8.11 Quantum Chemistry and Artificial Intelligence 383

9 MATERIALS IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY 387

9.1 Overview 387
- 9.1.1 Material Platforms for Quantum Technologies 387
9.2 Materials for Quantum Computing 388
- 9.2.1 Overview 388
- 9.2.2 Hardware Agnostic Infrastructure Platforms 389
- 9.2.3 Materials Opportunities in Quantum Computing 390
9.3 Materials for Quantum Sensing 391
- 9.3.1 Overview of Materials for Quantum Sensing 391
- 9.3.2 Specialized Components for Atomic and Diamond-Based Quantum Sensing 392
- 9.3.3 Key Players in Components for Quantum Sensing Technologies 393
- 9.3.4 Roadmap for Components in Quantum Sensing 394
- 9.3.5 Quantum Foundries for Chip-Scale Quantum Sensors 395
9.4 Materials for Quantum Communications 396
- 9.4.1 Main Form-Factor Approaches for QRNG Devices 397
- 9.4.2 Entanglement Swapping and Optical Switches 399
- 9.4.3 Chip-Scale QKD and the PIC Market 400
- 9.4.4 Materials Opportunities in Quantum Networking and Communications 401
9.5 Superconductors in Quantum Technology 402
- 9.5.1 Overview: Superconductors 402
- 9.5.2 Applications 403
- 9.5.3 Critical Temperature and Superconductor Material Choice 404
- 9.5.4 Critical Material Supply Chain Considerations 406
- 9.5.5 Superconductor Value Chain in Quantum Technology 407
- 9.5.6 Room Temperature Superconductors and Quantum Technology 408
9.6 Superconducting Quantum Circuits 409
- 9.6.1 Introduction 409
- 9.6.2 Transmon Superconducting Qubits: Structure, Materials, and Fabrication 410
- 9.6.3 Fabricating Superconducting Qubits 410
- 9.6.4 Defects and Sources of Noise for Superconducting Quantum Circuits 411
9.7 Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) 414
9.8 Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) 416
9.9 Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) and Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) 418
9.10 Photonics, Silicon Photonics and Optics in Quantum Technology 420
- 9.10.1 Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) for Quantum Technology 421
- 9.10.2 PICs for Photonic Quantum Computing 422
- 9.10.3 PICs for Trapped Ion and Neutral Atom Quantum Computing 424
  - 9.10.3.1 PICs for Trapped Ion and Neutral Atom Systems 424
  - 9.10.3.2 Materials Challenges for Fully Integrated Trapped-Ion Chips 425
  - 9.10.3.3 PICs for Trapped Ion Quantum Computing 426
  - 9.10.3.4 Silicon Nitride PDKs for Quantum-Relevant Wavelengths 427
  - 9.10.3.5 PICs for Neutral Atom Quantum Computers 428
  - 9.10.3.6 PICs for Atomic Clocks, RF Sensors, and Quantum Computers 429
  - 9.10.3.7 Photonic Materials for Atomic Sensing and Computing 430
- 9.10.4 Photonics for Quantum Networks and Communications 432
- 9.10.5 Photonic Packaging for Quantum Technologies 434
9.11 VCSELs for Quantum Sensing 435
9.12 Semiconductor Single Photon Detectors 437
9.13 Nanomaterials for Quantum Technology 439
- 9.13.1 Overview 439
- 9.13.2 2D Materials 440
- 9.13.3 Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes 442
- 9.13.4 MOFs 444
9.14 Artificial Diamond for Quantum Technology 445
- 9.14.1 Overview 446
- 9.14.2 Supply Chain and Materials for Diamond-Based Quantum Computers 446
- 9.14.3 Quantum Grade Diamond 447
- 9.14.4 Silicon-Vacancy in Diamond Quantum Memory 447
9.15 Materials Market Forecasts 448

10 REGIONAL MARKET ANALYSIS 451

10.1 North America 451
- 10.1.1 United States 451
- 10.1.2 Canada 452
10.2 Europe 453
- 10.2.1 European Union Initiatives 453
- 10.2.2 United Kingdom 454
- 10.2.3 Germany 455
- 10.2.4 France 456
- 10.2.5 Netherlands 457
- 10.2.6 Other European Markets 458
10.3 Asia-Pacific 459
- 10.3.1 China 459
- 10.3.2 Japan 460
- 10.3.3 South Korea 461
- 10.3.4 Australia 462
- 10.3.5 Singapore 463
- 10.3.6 India 464
10.4 Rest of World 465
10.5 Government Initiatives Comparison 466

11 CONSOLIDATED MARKET FORECASTS 2026-2036 468

11.1 Total Quantum 2.0 Market 468
11.2 Quantum Computing Market Forecasts 469
11.3 Quantum Sensing Market Forecasts 470
11.4 Quantum Communications Market Forecasts 471
11.5 Quantum Machine Learning Market Forecasts 472
11.6 Market Forecasts by End-Use Industry 473
11.7 Market Forecasts by Region 474

12 COMPANY PROFILES 476

12.1 Quantum Computing Hardware Companies 476
- 12.1.1 Superconducting Qubit Companies 476 (14 company profiles)
- 12.1.2 Trapped Ion Qubit Companies 489 (7 company profiles)
- 12.1.3 Neutral Atom Qubit Companies 496 (5 company profiles)
- 12.1.4 Photonic Qubit Companies 501 (4 company profiles)
- 12.1.5 Silicon Spin Qubit Companies 505 (7 company profiles)
- 12.1.6 Other Companies 513 (5 company profiles)
12.2 Quantum Sensing Companies 518
- 12.2.1 Atomic Clocks 518 (7 company profiles)
- 12.2.2 Quantum Magnetometers (SQUIDs, OPMs, NV Centers, TMR) 525 (11 company profiles)
- 12.2.3 Quantum Gravimeters 535 (3 company profiles)
- 12.2.4 Quantum Gyroscopes/Inertial Sensors 539 (3 company profiles)
- 12.2.5 Single Photon Detectors 542 (5 company profiles)
- 12.2.6 General Quantum Sensing 546 (5 company profiles)
12.3 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Companies 552 (24 company profiles)
12.4 Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) Companies 574 (8` company profiles)
12.5 Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) Companies 580 (14 company profiles)
12.6 Quantum Software & Algorithms Companies 592 (13 company profiles)
12.7 Quantum Machine Learning Companies 602 (7 company profiles)
12.8 Quantum Simulation Companies 608 (6 company profiles)
12.9 Quantum Computing for Pharmaceuticals/Drug Discovery 613 (5 company profiles)
12.10 Quantum Computing for Chemicals/Materials 617 (5 company profiles)
12.11 Quantum Computing for Finance 621 (4 company profiles)
12.12 Quantum Computing for Transportation/Automotive 625 (4 company profiles)
12.13 Quantum Materials & Components Companies 629 (8 company profiles)

13 REFERENCES 636

List of Tables

Table 1. Quantum 2.0 technology overview and key characteristics 35
Table 2. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) assessment by quantum platform 38
Table 3. Quantum technology investment 2012-2026 (millions USD) 40
Table 4. Investment by technology segment 42
Table 5. Investment by application 44
Table 6. Top funded quantum technology companies 45
Table 7. Global government quantum initiatives and funding 50
Table 8. Market drivers for quantum technologies 51
Table 9. Challenges for quantum technologies adoption 52
Table 10. Total quantum 2.0 market forecast 2026-2036 (billions USD) 58
Table 11. Comparison of quantum computing with classical computing 71
Table 12. Applications of quantum algorithms 76
Table 13. Quantum computer benchmarking metrics 78
Table 14. Qubit performance benchmarking 79
Table 15. Coherence times for different qubit implementations 80
Table 16. Logical qubit progress 81
Table 17. Commercial Readiness Level by technology 81
Table 18. Superconducting materials properties 85
Table 19. Superconducting qubit market players 88
Table 20. Initialization, manipulation and readout for trapped ion quantum computers 95
Table 21. Ion trap market players 99
Table 22. Initialization, manipulation and readout for neutral-atom quantum computers 104
Table 23. Pros and cons of cold atom quantum computers and simulators 105
Table 24. Neural atom qubit market players 106
Table 25. Initialization, manipulation, and readout methods for silicon-spin qubits 111
Table 26. Silicon spin qubits market players 114
Table 27. Initialization, manipulation and readout of topological qubits 119
Table 28. Topological qubits market players 121
Table 29. Pros and cons of photon qubits 125
Table 30. Comparison of photon polarization and squeezed states 127
Table 31. Initialization, manipulation and readout of photonic platform quantum computers 128
Table 32. Photonic qubit market players 130
Table 33. Key materials for developing diamond-defect spin-based quantum computers 135
Table 34. Diamond-defect qubits market players 137
Table 35. Commercial applications for quantum annealing 141
Table 36. Pros and cons of quantum annealers 142
Table 37. Quantum annealers market players 143
Table 38. Modular vs. single core architectures 146
Table 39. Heterogeneous architectural approaches by provider 147
Table 40. Quantum computing infrastructure requirements 148
Table 41. Quantum computing software market players 151
Table 42. Business models in quantum computing 151
Table 43. Market challenges in quantum computing 151
Table 44. Market opportunities in quantum computing 151
Table 45. Global market for quantum computing—hardware, software & services 2026-2036 (billions USD) 151
Table 46. Global revenue from quantum computing hardware 2026-2036 (billions USD) 153
Table 47. Quantum computer installed base forecast 2026-2036 (units) 155
Table 48. Forecast for installed base of quantum computers by technology 2026-2036 (units) 158
Table 49. Quantum computing hardware pricing analysis 160
Table 50. Technology approaches for enabling quantum sensing 163
Table 51. Comparison between classical and quantum sensors 163
Table 52. Value proposition for quantum sensors 164
Table 53. Applications in quantum sensors 165
Table 54. Key challenges and limitations of quartz crystal clocks vs. atomic clocks 169
Table 55. New modalities being researched to improve atomic clocks 172
Table 56. Atomic clocks end users and addressable markets 173
Table 57. Companies developing high-precision quantum time measurement 173
Table 58. Key players in atomic clocks 4.6.7 SWOT Analysis 173
Table 59. Key market inflection points and technology transitions 4.6.9 Market Forecasts 174
Table 60. Global market for atomic clocks 2026-2036 (billions USD) 174
Table 61. Global market for bench/rack-scale atomic clocks 2026-2036 (millions USD) 174
Table 62. Global market for chip-scale atomic clocks 2026-2036 (millions USD) 174
Table 63. Comparative analysis of key performance parameters of magnetic field sensors 178
Table 64. Types of magnetic field sensors 178
Table 65. Market opportunity for different types of quantum magnetic field sensors 178
Table 66. Performance of magnetic field sensors 178
Table 67. Applications of SQUIDs 180
Table 68. Market opportunities for SQUIDs 180
Table 69. Key players in SQUIDs 180
Table 70. Applications of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) 182
Table 71. MEMS manufacturing techniques for miniaturized OPMs 185
Table 72. Key players in optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) 185
Table 73. Applications for TMR (tunneling magnetoresistance) sensors 188
Table 74. Market players in TMR sensors 188
Table 75. Applications of N-V center magnetic field sensors 191
Table 76. Quantum grade diamond specifications 192
Table 77. Synthetic diamond value chain for quantum sensing 192
Table 78. Key players in N-V center magnetic field sensors 193
Table 79. Global market forecasts for quantum magnetic field sensors by type 2026-2036 (millions USD) 195
Table 80. Applications of quantum gravimeters 197
Table 81. Comparative table between quantum gravity sensing and other technologies 198
Table 82. Key players in quantum gravimeters 199
Table 83. Global market for quantum gravimeters 2026-2036 (millions USD) 201
Table 84. Comparison of quantum gyroscopes with MEMS gyroscopes and optical gyroscopes 203
Table 85. Markets and applications for quantum gyroscopes 203
Table 86. Key players in quantum gyroscopes 204
Table 87. Global market for quantum gyroscopes 2026-2036 (millions USD) 206
Table 88. Types of quantum image sensors and their key features 207
Table 89. Applications of quantum image sensors 208
Table 90. Key players in quantum image sensors 208
Table 91. Comparison of quantum radar versus conventional radar and LiDAR technologies 210
Table 92. Applications of quantum radar 211
Table 93. Global market for quantum radar and LiDAR 2026-2036 (millions USD) 212
Table 94. Value proposition of quantum RF sensors 213
Table 95. Types of quantum RF sensors 214
Table 96. Markets for quantum RF sensors 215
Table 97. Technology transition milestones 215
Table 98. Global market for quantum RF sensors 2026-2036 (millions USD) 216
Table 99. SNSPD market players 219
Table 100. Single photon detector technology comparison 220
Table 101. Quantum sensor component categories and functions 226
Table 102. Challenges for quantum sensor components 226
Table 103. Market and technology challenges in quantum sensing 226
Table 104. Market opportunities in quantum sensors 227
Table 105. Markets for quantum sensors by type 2026-2036 (millions USD) 229
Table 106. Global market for quantum sensors by volume 2026-2036 (units) 230
Table 107. Global market for quantum sensors by sensor price 2026-2036 231
Table 108. Global market for quantum sensors by end-use industry 2026-2036 (millions USD) 233
Table 109. Main types of quantum communications 235
Table 110. Applications in quantum communications 236
Table 111. QKD protocols comparison 241
Table 112. QKD market players by country 244
Table 113. Markets for QKD systems by end-use industry 2026-2036 (millions USD) 245
Table 114. QRNG entropy sources comparison 254
Table 115. QRNG standards development 258
Table 116. QRNG applications 259
Table 117. Key players developing QRNG products 266
Table 118. Optical QRNG by company 267
Table 119. QRNG market forecasts 2026-2036 (millions USD) 268
Table 120. Post-quantum cryptography approaches comparison 275
Table 121. Market players in post-quantum cryptography 277
Table 122. PQC market forecasts 2026-2036 (millions USD) 278
Table 123. Market challenges in quantum communications 282
Table 124. Market opportunities in quantum communications 283
Table 125. Classical vs. quantum computing paradigms 284
Table 126. QML approaches 292
Table 127. Advantages of QML 298
Table 128. Challenges and limitations of QML 303
Table 129. QML applications by industry 304
Table 130. QML market players 307
Table 131. QML market forecasts 2026-2036 (millions USD) 308
Table 132. Comparison of analog and digital quantum simulation approaches 311
Table 133. Quantum simulation platforms comparison 316
Table 134. Applications of quantum simulation by industry 322
Table 135. Applications in quantum chemistry and artificial intelligence (AI) 324
Table 136. Market challenges in quantum chemistry and AI 325
Table 137. Market players in quantum chemistry and AI 327
Table 138. Quantum simulation market players 329
Table 139. Quantum simulation market forecasts 2026-2036 (millions USD) 333
Table 140. Markets and applications for quantum computing 335
Table 141. Total addressable market (TAM) for quantum computing 336
Table 142. End-user industry investment in quantum readiness 337
Table 143. Market players in quantum technologies for pharmaceuticals 345
Table 144. Quantum computing in finance applications 351
Table 145. Market players in quantum computing for financial services 351
Table 146. Market players in quantum computing for chemicals 358
Table 147. Automotive applications of quantum computing 360
Table 148. Market players in quantum computing for transportation 365
Table 149. Applications in quantum chemistry and artificial intelligence 383
Table 150. Market challenges in quantum chemistry and AI 384
Table 151. Market players in quantum chemistry and AI 385
Table 152. Market opportunities in quantum chemistry and AI 386
Table 153. Material platforms for quantum technologies 387
Table 154. Overview of materials opportunities in quantum computing 390
Table 155. Materials opportunities in quantum computing by platform 391
Table 156. Key players in components for quantum sensing technologies 393
Table 157. Challenges for quantum sensor components 395
Table 158. Materials opportunities in quantum networking and communications 401
Table 159. Applications of superconductors in quantum technology 403
Table 160. Critical temperature of superconducting materials for quantum technology 404
Table 161. Critical temperature role in superconductor material selection 405
Table 162. Superconductor value chain in quantum technology 407
Table 163. Uses of superconductors in quantum technology 408
Table 164. Transmon superconducting qubit structure and materials 410
Table 165. Defects and sources of noise for superconducting quantum circuits 411
Table 166. Summary of manufacturing processes for superconducting quantum chips 412
Table 167. Fabricating superconducting chips: SQUIDs vs. quantum computing chips 414
Table 168. PIC materials used by quantum technology companies 422
Table 169. Materials challenges for fully integrated trapped-ion chips 425
Table 170. Market readiness levels of CNT applications in quantum 442
Table 171. Nanomaterials in quantum technology 443
Table 172. Overview of diamond in quantum technology 446
Table 173. Material advantages and disadvantages of diamond for quantum applications 446
Table 174. Market forecast for superconducting chips for quantum technologies 2026-2036 448
Table 175. Market Forecast for PICs for Quantum Technologies 2026-2036 448
Table 176. Market forecast for diamond for quantum technologies 2026-2036 450
Table 177. Global government quantum initiatives comparison 466
Table 178. Government funding by country 467
Table 179. Total quantum 2.0 market 2026-2036 (billions USD) 468
Table 180. Global market for quantum computing 2026-2036 (billions USD) 469
Table 181. Markets for quantum sensors by type 2026-2036 (millions USD) 470
Table 182. Markets for QKD systems 2026-2036 (millions USD) 471
Table 183. QML market forecasts 2026-2036 (millions USD) 472
Table 184. Quantum 2.0 market by end-use industry 2026-2036 473
Table 185. Quantum 2.0 market by region 2026-2036 474

List of Figures

Figure 1. Quantum computing development timeline 39
Figure 2. Quantum technology investments 2012-2026 (millions USD), total 41
Figure 3. Quantum technology investment by sector 43
Figure 4. Quantum computing public and industry funding by region 49
Figure 5. National quantum initiatives and funding timeline 50
Figure 6. Quantum 2.0 market map 54
Figure 7. SWOT analysis for quantum 2.0 market 55
Figure 8. Quantum 2.0 value chain 56
Figure 9. Total quantum 2.0 market 2026-2036 (billions USD) 59
Figure 10. First and second quantum revolutions comparison 63
Figure 11. Quantum mechanics principles visualization 68
Figure 12. Quantum 2.0 technology ecosystem 69
Figure 13. Quantum computing architectures overview 82
Figure 14. Superconducting quantum computer schematic 83
Figure 15. Components and materials used in a superconducting qubit 84
Figure 16. Interior of IBM quantum computing system 86
Figure 17. IBM Q System One quantum computer 87
Figure 18. Superconducting hardware roadmap 90
Figure 19. SWOT analysis for superconducting quantum computers 91
Figure 20. Ion-trap quantum computer 93
Figure 21. Various ways to trap ions 94
Figure 22. Universal Quantum's shuttling ion architecture 97
Figure 23. Trapped-ion hardware roadmap 100
Figure 24. SWOT analysis for trapped-ion quantum computing 101
Figure 25. Neutral atoms arranged in various configurations 102
Figure 26. Neutral atom hardware roadmap 107
Figure 27. SWOT analysis for neutral-atom quantum computers 108
Figure 28. CMOS silicon spin qubit 110
Figure 29. Silicon quantum dot qubits 112
Figure 30. Silicon-spin hardware roadmap 115
Figure 31. SWOT analysis for silicon spin quantum computers 116
Figure 32. Topological quantum computing roadmap 123
Figure 33. SWOT analysis for topological qubits 124
Figure 34. Photonic quantum hardware roadmap 131
Figure 35. SWOT analysis for photonic quantum computers 132
Figure 36. NV center components 134
Figure 37. Diamond defect supply chain 136
Figure 38. Diamond defect hardware roadmap 138
Figure 39. SWOT analysis for diamond-defect quantum computers 139
Figure 40. D-Wave quantum annealer 140
Figure 41. Roadmap for quantum annealing hardware 144
Figure 42. SWOT analysis for quantum annealers 145
Figure 43. Quantum software development platforms 150
Figure 44. Global market for quantum computing 2026-2036 (billions USD) 152
Figure 45. Global revenue from quantum computing hardware (billions USD) 153
Figure 46. Quantum computer installed base forecast 2026-2036 (units) 157
Figure 47. Forecast for installed base by technology 2026-2036 (units) 159
Figure 48. Quantum sensor industry market map 166
Figure 49. Strontium lattice optical clock 171
Figure 50. NIST's compact optical clock 171
Figure 51. SWOT analysis for atomic clocks 4.6.8 Roadmap 173
Figure 52. Atomic clocks market roadmap 174
Figure 53. Global market for atomic clocks 2026-2036 (billions USD) 174
Figure 54. Global market for bench/rack-scale atomic clocks 2026-2036 174
Figure 55. Global market for chip-scale atomic clocks 2026-2036 174
Figure 56. Quantum magnetometers market roadmap 178
Figure 57. Principle of SQUID magnetometer 179
Figure 58. SWOT analysis for SQUIDs 182
Figure 59. SWOT analysis for OPMs 186
Figure 60. Tunneling magnetoresistance mechanism and TMR ratio formats 187
Figure 61. SWOT analysis for TMR sensors 190
Figure 62. SWOT analysis for N-V center magnetic field sensors 194
Figure 63. Global market for quantum magnetic field sensors by type 2026-2036 195
Figure 64. Quantum gravimeter 196
Figure 65. Quantum gravimeters market roadmap 201
Figure 66. Global market for quantum gravimeters 2026-2036 201
Figure 67. Inertial quantum sensors roadmap 205
Figure 68. Quantum RF sensors roadmap 215
Figure 69. Single photon detectors roadmap 223
Figure 70. Roadmap for quantum sensing components and applications 226
Figure 71. Global market for quantum sensors by type 2026-2036 229
Figure 72. Global market for quantum sensors by volume 2026-2036 230
Figure 73. Global market for quantum sensors by sensor price 2026-2036 231
Figure 74. Global market for quantum sensors by end-use industry 2026-2036 233
Figure 75. Markets for QKD systems 2026-2036 246
Figure 76. QRNG industry structure and influences 248
Figure 77. QRNG market forecasts 2026-2036 269
Figure 78. QML phases and evolution 290
Figure 79. QML roadmap 305
Figure 80. QML market forecasts 2026-2036 310
Figure 81. Quantum simulation application roadmap 323
Figure 82. SWOT analysis for quantum simulation 331
Figure 83. Quantum simulation market 2026-2036 334
Figure 84. End-user industry investment in quantum readiness 338
Figure 85. Roadmap for quantum sensing components and their applications 394
Figure 86. Components of an Optical QRNG Device 398
Figure 87. Basic Principle and Components of a QKD System 398
Figure 88. Total quantum 2.0 market 2026-2036 (billions USD) 469

Purchasers will receive the following:

PDF report download/by email.
Comprehensive Excel spreadsheet of all data.
Mid-year Update