The Global Industrial Biomanufacturing Market 2026-2036

1             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY            60

• 1.1        Definition and Scope of Industrial Biomanufacturing        60
• 1.2        Overview of Industrial Biomanufacturing Processes           61
• 1.3        Key Components of Industrial Biomanufacturing 63
• 1.4        Importance of Industrial Biomanufacturing in the Global Economy          64
  • 1.4.1    Role in Healthcare and Pharmaceutical Industries              65
  • 1.4.2    Impact on Industrial Biotechnology and Sustainability     66
  • 1.4.3    Food Security 67
  • 1.4.4    Circular Economy       67
• 1.5        Colours of Biotechnology      68
• 1.6        Markets              69
  • 1.6.1    Biopharmaceuticals 69
  • 1.6.2    Industrial Enzymes    70
  • 1.6.3    Biofuels             70
  • 1.6.4    Biomaterials and Bioplastics              71
  • 1.6.5    Specialty Chemicals 72
  • 1.6.6    Food and Beverage    72
  • 1.6.7    Agriculture and Animal Health           73
  • 1.6.8    Environmental Biotechnology             74
• 1.7        AI and Robotics in Biomanufacturing            75
• 1.8        Other Advanced and Emerging Technologies in Biomanufacturing           76

2             PRODUCTION               79

• 2.1        Microbial Fermentation           79
• 2.2        Mammalian Cell Culture        79
• 2.3        Plant Cell Culture        80
• 2.4        Insect Cell Culture     81
• 2.5        Transgenic Animals   81
• 2.6        Transgenic Plants        82
• 2.7        Technologies  82
  • 2.7.1    Upstream Processing               82
    • 2.7.1.1 Cell Culture     82
      • 2.7.1.1.1           Overview           82
      • 2.7.1.1.2           Types of Cell Culture Systems            83
      • 2.7.1.1.3           Factors Affecting Cell Culture Performance              83
      • 2.7.1.1.4           Advances in Cell Culture Technology             84
        • 2.7.1.1.4.1      Single-use systems   84
        • 2.7.1.1.4.2      Process analytical technology (PAT)               84
        • 2.7.1.1.4.3      Cell line development              84
  • 2.7.2    Fermentation 85
  • 2.7.2.1 Overview           85
    • 2.7.2.1.1           Types of Fermentation Processes    85
    • 2.7.2.1.2           Factors Affecting Fermentation Performance          86
    • 2.7.2.1.3           Advances in Fermentation Technology         86
      • 2.7.2.1.3.1      High-cell-density fermentation          86
      • 2.7.2.1.3.2      Continuous processing           87
      • 2.7.2.1.3.3      Metabolic engineering             87
      • 2.7.2.1.3.4      Synthetic biology applications           87
      • 2.7.2.1.3.5      Cell-free systems        88
      • 2.7.2.1.3.6      Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing      88
  • 2.7.3    Downstream Processing        89
    • 2.7.3.1 Purification      89
      • 2.7.3.1.1           Overview           89
      • 2.7.3.1.2           Types of Purification Methods            89
      • 2.7.3.1.3           Factors Affecting Purification Performance               90
      • 2.7.3.1.4           Advances in Purification Technology              90
        • 2.7.3.1.4.1      Affinity chromatography         90
        • 2.7.3.1.4.2      Membrane chromatography 91
        • 2.7.3.1.4.3      Continuous chromatography              91
        • 2.7.3.1.4.4      Downstream processing (DSP) improvements        92
        • 2.7.3.1.4.5      Tangential flow filtration (TFF) in downstream bioprocessing        92
  • 2.7.4    Formulation    93
    • 2.7.4.1 Overview           93
      • 2.7.4.1.1           Types of Formulation Methods           93
      • 2.7.4.1.2           Factors Affecting Formulation Performance             94
      • 2.7.4.1.3           Advances in Formulation Technology            94
        • 2.7.4.1.3.1      Controlled release      94
        • 2.7.4.1.3.2      Nanoparticle formulation      95
        • 2.7.4.1.3.3      3D printing       95
  • 2.7.5    Bioprocess Development      95
    • 2.7.5.1 Scale-up            95
      • 2.7.5.1.1           Overview           95
      • 2.7.5.1.2           Factors Affecting Scale-up Performance     95
      • 2.7.5.1.3           Scale-up Strategies    96
    • 2.7.5.2 Optimization  97
      • 2.7.5.2.1           Overview           97
      • 2.7.5.2.2           Factors Affecting Optimization Performance            97
      • 2.7.5.2.3           Optimization Strategies           98
      • 2.7.5.2.4           Machine learning to improve biomanufacturing processes            99
      • 2.7.5.2.5           Process intensification and high-cell-density fermentation           100
      • 2.7.5.2.6           Hybrid biotechnological-chemical approaches     100
  • 2.7.6    Analytical Methods    101
    • 2.7.6.1 Quality Control             101
      • 2.7.6.1.1           Overview           101
      • 2.7.6.1.2           Types of Quality Control Tests            102
      • 2.7.6.1.3           Factors Affecting Quality Control Performance      102
    • 2.7.6.2 Characterization          102
      • 2.7.6.2.1           Overview           103
      • 2.7.6.2.2           Types of Characterization Methods 103
      • 2.7.6.2.3           Factors Affecting Characterization Performance   104
  • 2.7.7    Synthetic Biology Tools and Techniques      106
    • 2.7.7.1 DNA synthesis              106
    • 2.7.7.2 CRISPR-Cas9 systems            106
    • 2.7.7.3 Protein/enzyme engineering 107
    • 2.7.7.4 Computer-aided design          108
    • 2.7.7.5 Strain construction and optimization            109
    • 2.7.7.6 Robotics and automation      110
    • 2.7.7.7 Artificial intelligence and machine learning              111
  • 2.7.8    Alternative Feedstocks and Sustainability 112
    • 2.7.8.1 C1 feedstocks: Metabolic pathways               112
    • 2.7.8.2 C2 feedstocks               113
    • 2.7.8.3 Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks              114
    • 2.7.8.4 Blue biotechnology feedstocks         115
    • 2.7.8.5 Routes for carbon capture in biotechnology             116
• 2.8        Scale of Production   117
  • 2.8.1    Laboratory Scale         117
    • 2.8.1.1 Overview           117
    • 2.8.1.2 Scale and Equipment               117
    • 2.8.1.3 Advantages     118
    • 2.8.1.4 Disadvantages             118
  • 2.8.2    Pilot Scale        119
    • 2.8.2.1 Overview           119
    • 2.8.2.2 Scale and Equipment               119
    • 2.8.2.3 Advantages     119
    • 2.8.2.4 Disadvantages             120
  • 2.8.3    Commercial Scale      120
    • 2.8.3.1 Overview           120
    • 2.8.3.2 Scale and Equipment               120
    • 2.8.3.3 Advantages     121
    • 2.8.3.4 Disadvantages             122
• 2.9        Mode of Operation     122
  • 2.9.1    Batch Production        122
    • 2.9.1.1 Overview           122
    • 2.9.1.2 Advantages     123
    • 2.9.1.3 Disadvantages             123
    • 2.9.1.4 Applications   124
  • 2.9.2    Fed-batch Production              124
    • 2.9.2.1 Overview           124
    • 2.9.2.2 Advantages     124
    • 2.9.2.3 Disadvantages             125
    • 2.9.2.4 Applications   125
  • 2.9.3    Continuous Production           126
    • 2.9.3.1 Overview           126
    • 2.9.3.2 Advantages     126
    • 2.9.3.3 Disadvantages             126
    • 2.9.3.4 Applications   126
    • 2.9.3.5 Key fermentation parameter comparison   127
  • 2.9.4    Cell factories for biomanufacturing 128
    • 2.9.4.1 Range of organisms  129
    • 2.9.4.2 Escherichia coli (E.coli)           130
    • 2.9.4.3 Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum)     131
    • 2.9.4.4 Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) 132
    • 2.9.4.5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae)  133
    • 2.9.4.6 Yarrowia lipolytica (Y. lipolytica)        134
    • 2.9.4.7 Non-model organisms            135
  • 2.9.5    Perfusion Culture        136
    • 2.9.5.1 Overview           136
    • 2.9.5.2 Advantages     136
    • 2.9.5.3 Disadvantages             137
    • 2.9.5.4 Applications   137
    • 2.9.5.5 Perfusion bioreactors               137
  • 2.9.6    Other Modes of Operation     138
    • 2.9.6.1 Immobilized Cell Culture       138
      • 2.9.6.1.1           Immobilized enzymes              139
      • 2.9.6.1.2           Immobilized catalysts              140
    • 2.9.6.2 Two-Stage Production              141
    • 2.9.6.3 Hybrid Systems            141
• 2.10     Host Organisms          142

3             BIOPHARMACEUTICALS        144

• 3.1        Overview           144
• 3.2        Technology/materials analysis          144
  • 3.2.1    Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)         144
  • 3.2.2    Recombinant Proteins             145
  • 3.2.3    Vaccines           146
  • 3.2.4    Cell and Gene Therapies        146
  • 3.2.5    Blood Factors 147
  • 3.2.6    Tissue Engineering Products                147
  • 3.2.7    Nucleic Acid Therapeutics    148
  • 3.2.8    Peptide Therapeutics               149
  • 3.2.9    Biosimilars and Biobetters    149
  • 3.2.10 Nanobodies and Antibody Fragments           150
  • 3.2.11 Synthetic biology         151
    • 3.2.11.1            Metabolic engineering             151
      • 3.2.11.1.1        DNA synthesis              152
      • 3.2.11.1.2        CRISPR              152
        • 3.2.11.1.2.1   CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways      152
    • 3.2.11.2            Protein/Enzyme Engineering                153
    • 3.2.11.3            Strain construction and optimization            155
    • 3.2.11.4            Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering           155
    • 3.2.11.5            Smart bioprocessing 156
    • 3.2.11.6            Cell-free systems        157
    • 3.2.11.7            Chassis organisms    159
    • 3.2.11.8            Biomimetics   160
    • 3.2.11.9            Sustainable materials              161
    • 3.2.11.10         Robotics and automation      161
      • 3.2.11.10.1     Robotic cloud laboratories   162
      • 3.2.11.10.2     Automating organism design              162
      • 3.2.11.10.3     Artificial intelligence and machine learning              163
    • 3.2.11.11         Fermentation Processes        163
  • 3.2.12 Generative Biology     164
    • 3.2.12.1            Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)    165
      • 3.2.12.1.1        Variational Autoencoders (VAEs)      166
      • 3.2.12.1.2        Normalizing Flows      166
      • 3.2.12.1.3        Autoregressive Models            166
      • 3.2.12.1.4        Evolutionary Generative Models       166
    • 3.2.12.2            Design Optimization 167
      • 3.2.12.2.1        Evolutionary Algorithms (e.g., Genetic Algorithms, Evolutionary Strategies)       167
        • 3.2.12.2.1.1   Genetic Algorithms (GAs)      167
        • 3.2.12.2.1.2   Evolutionary Strategies (ES) 167
      • 3.2.12.2.2        Reinforcement Learning         167
      • 3.2.12.2.3        Multi-Objective Optimization              168
      • 3.2.12.2.4        Bayesian Optimization            168
    • 3.2.12.3            Computational Biology           169
      • 3.2.12.3.1        Molecular Dynamics Simulations    169
      • 3.2.12.3.2        Quantum Mechanical Calculations                170
      • 3.2.12.3.3        Systems Biology Modeling    170
      • 3.2.12.3.4        Metabolic Engineering Modeling       171
    • 3.2.12.4            Data-Driven Approaches       172
      • 3.2.12.4.1        Machine Learning       172
      • 3.2.12.4.2        Graph Neural Networks           172
      • 3.2.12.4.3        Unsupervised Learning           172
      • 3.2.12.4.4        Active Learning and Bayesian Optimization              173
    • 3.2.12.5            Agent-Based Modeling            173
    • 3.2.12.6            Hybrid Approaches    174
• 3.3        Market analysis            175
  • 3.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      175
  • 3.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   176
  • 3.3.3    Regulations     177
  • 3.3.4    Value chain     179
  • 3.3.5    Future outlook              179
  • 3.3.6    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   180
  • 3.3.7    Addressable Market Size        182
  • 3.3.8    Risks and Opportunities         182
  • 3.3.9    Global revenues           184
    • 3.3.9.1 By application market              184
    • 3.3.9.2 By regional market      184
• 3.4        Company profiles       186 (131 company profiles)

4             INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES (BIOCATALYSTS)      274

• 4.1        Overview           274
  • 4.1.1    Bio-manufactured enzymes 274
• 4.2        Technology/materials analysis          275
  • 4.2.1    Detergent Enzymes    275
  • 4.2.2    Food Processing Enzymes    276
  • 4.2.3    Textile Processing Enzymes  276
  • 4.2.4    Paper and Pulp Processing Enzymes             277
  • 4.2.5    Leather Processing Enzymes               277
  • 4.2.6    Biofuel Production Enzymes                278
    • 4.2.6.1 Enzymes for lignocellulosic derived bioethanol      278
    • 4.2.6.2 Cellulases for lignocellulosic bioethanol    280
    • 4.2.6.3 Hemicellulases and synergistic enzyme cocktails                281
    • 4.2.6.4 Thermostable and extremophilic enzymes 282
    • 4.2.6.5 Cost-performance metrics for thermostable enzymes      283
  • 4.2.7    Animal Feed Enzymes              284
  • 4.2.8    Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Enzymes  284
  • 4.2.9    Waste Management and Bioremediation Enzymes              285
    • 4.2.9.1 Enzymes for plastics recycling           285
    • 4.2.9.2 Enzymatic depolymerization               286
    • 4.2.9.3 Challenges in enzymatic depolymerization               287
  • 4.2.10 Agriculture and Crop Improvement Enzymes           288
  • 4.2.11 Enzymes for Decarbonization and CO₂ Utilization 290
    • 4.2.11.1            Carbonic anhydrase in CO₂ capture technologies 292
    • 4.2.11.2            Formate dehydrogenase and CO₂-to-chemicals pathways             293
    • 4.2.11.3            Selected enzymatic approaches to CO2 capture and conversion              294
• 4.3        Market analysis            295
  • 4.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      295
  • 4.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   296
  • 4.3.3    Technology challenges and opportunities for industrial enzymes               297
  • 4.3.4    Economic competitiveness of enzymatic processing         299
  • 4.3.5    Regulations     300
  • 4.3.6    Value chain     300
  • 4.3.7    Future outlook              301
  • 4.3.8    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   302
  • 4.3.9    Addressable Market Size        303
  • 4.3.10 Risks and Opportunities         304
  • 4.3.11 Global revenues           304
    • 4.3.11.1            By application market              304
    • 4.3.11.2            By regional market      305
• 4.4        Company profiles  306 (63 company profiles)

5             BIOFUELS        346

• 5.1        Overview           346
• 5.2        Technology/materials analysis          348
  • 5.2.1    Role in the circular economy               348
  • 5.2.2    The global biofuels market    350
  • 5.2.3    Feedstocks      350
    • 5.2.3.1 First-generation (1-G)               351
    • 5.2.3.2 Second-generation (2-G)       352
      • 5.2.3.2.1           Lignocellulosic wastes and residues             353
      • 5.2.3.2.2           Biorefinery lignin         354
    • 5.2.3.3 Third-generation (3-G)             358
      • 5.2.3.3.1           Algal biofuels 358
        • 5.2.3.3.1.1      Properties         359
        • 5.2.3.3.1.2      Advantages     359
    • 5.2.3.4 Fourth-generation (4-G)          360
    • 5.2.3.5 Advantages and disadvantages, by generation        361
  • 5.2.4    Bioethanol       362
    • 5.2.4.1 First-generation bioethanol (from sugars and starches)    362
    • 5.2.4.2 Second-generation bioethanol (from lignocellulosic biomass)   362
    • 5.2.4.3 Third-generation bioethanol (from algae)    363
  • 5.2.5    Biodiesel           364
    • 5.2.5.1 Biodiesel by generation           364
    • 5.2.5.2 SWOT analysis              365
    • 5.2.5.3 Production of biodiesel and other biofuels 366
      • 5.2.5.3.1           Pyrolysis of biomass 366
      • 5.2.5.3.2           Vegetable oil transesterification       369
      • 5.2.5.3.3           Vegetable oil hydrogenation (HVO)  370
        • 5.2.5.3.3.1      Production process   370
      • 5.2.5.3.4           Biodiesel from tall oil                371
      • 5.2.5.3.5           Fischer-Tropsch BioDiesel     371
      • 5.2.5.3.6           Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass         373
      • 5.2.5.3.7           CO2 capture and Fischer-Tropsch (FT)          374
      • 5.2.5.3.8           Dymethyl ether (DME)              374
    • 5.2.5.4 Prices  374
    • 5.2.5.5 Global production and consumption            375
  • 5.2.6    Biogas 376
    • 5.2.6.1 Feedstocks      378
    • 5.2.6.2 Biomethane    378
      • 5.2.6.2.1           Production pathways                380
        • 5.2.6.2.1.1      Landfill gas recovery 380
        • 5.2.6.2.1.2      Anaerobic digestion  381
        • 5.2.6.2.1.3      Thermal gasification 382
    • 5.2.6.3 SWOT analysis              382
    • 5.2.6.4 Global production      383
    • 5.2.6.5 Prices  383
      • 5.2.6.5.1           Raw Biogas     383
      • 5.2.6.5.2           Upgraded Biomethane            383
    • 5.2.6.6 Bio-LNG             384
      • 5.2.6.6.1           Markets              384
        • 5.2.6.6.1.1      Trucks 384
        • 5.2.6.6.1.2      Marine 384
      • 5.2.6.6.2           Production       384
      • 5.2.6.6.3           Plants 385
    • 5.2.6.7 bio-CNG (compressed natural gas derived from biogas)  385
    • 5.2.6.8 Carbon capture from biogas               385
    • 5.2.6.9 Biosyngas        386
      • 5.2.6.9.1           Production       386
      • 5.2.6.9.2           Prices  387
  • 5.2.7    Biobutanol      388
    • 5.2.7.1 Production       389
    • 5.2.7.2 Prices  389
  • 5.2.8    Biohydrogen   390
    • 5.2.8.1 Description     390
    • 5.2.8.1.1           Dark fermentation      390
    • 5.2.8.1.2           Photofermentation     391
    • 5.2.8.1.3           Biophotolysis (direct and indirect)   391
      • 5.2.8.1.3.1      Direct Biophotolysis: 392
      • 5.2.8.1.3.2      Indirect Biophotolysis:            392
    • 5.2.8.2 SWOT analysis              393
    • 5.2.8.3 Production of biohydrogen from biomass  394
      • 5.2.8.3.1           Biological Conversion Routes             394
        • 5.2.8.3.1.1      Bio-photochemical Reaction              394
        • 5.2.8.3.1.2      Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion        395
      • 5.2.8.3.2           Thermochemical conversion routes               395
        • 5.2.8.3.2.1      Biomass Gasification               395
        • 5.2.8.3.2.2      Biomass Pyrolysis      395
        • 5.2.8.3.2.3      Biomethane Reforming           396
    • 5.2.8.4 Applications   396
    • 5.2.8.5 Prices  397
  • 5.2.9    Biomethanol  397
    • 5.2.9.1 Gasification-based biomethanol     397
    • 5.2.9.2 Biosynthesis-based biomethanol    398
    • 5.2.9.3 SWOT analysis              399
    • 5.2.9.4 Methanol-to gasoline technology     399
      • 5.2.9.4.1           Production processes              400
        • 5.2.9.4.1.1      Anaerobic digestion  401
        • 5.2.9.4.1.2      Biomass gasification 402
        • 5.2.9.4.1.3      Power to Methane       402
  • 5.2.10 Bio-oil and Biochar    403
    • 5.2.10.1            Pyrolysis-based bio-oil            403
    • 5.2.10.2            Hydrothermal liquefaction-based bio-oil    404
    • 5.2.10.3            Biochar from pyrolysis and gasification processes               405
    • 5.2.10.4            Advantages of bio-oils             406
    • 5.2.10.5            Production       408
      • 5.2.10.5.1        Fast Pyrolysis 408
      • 5.2.10.5.2        Costs of production  408
      • 5.2.10.5.3        Upgrading        408
    • 5.2.10.6            SWOT analysis              409
    • 5.2.10.7            Applications   410
    • 5.2.10.8            Bio-oil producers         410
    • 5.2.10.9            Prices  411
  • 5.2.11 Renewable Diesel and Jet Fuel           412
    • 5.2.11.1            Renewable diesel        412
      • 5.2.11.1.1        Production       412
      • 5.2.11.1.2        SWOT analysis              413
      • 5.2.11.1.3        Global consumption 414
      • 5.2.11.1.4        Prices  415
    • 5.2.11.2            Bio-aviation fuel (bio-jet fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, renewable jet fuel or aviation biofuel)              415
      • 5.2.11.2.1        Description     415
      • 5.2.11.2.2        SWOT analysis              416
      • 5.2.11.2.3        Global production and consumption            417
      • 5.2.11.2.4        Production pathways                417
      • 5.2.11.2.5        Prices  419
      • 5.2.11.2.6        Bio-aviation fuel production capacities       419
      • 5.2.11.2.7        Challenges      420
      • 5.2.11.2.8        Global consumption 420
  • 5.2.12 Algal biofuels 421
    • 5.2.12.1            Conversion pathways               421
    • 5.2.12.2            SWOT analysis              422
    • 5.2.12.3            Production       423
    • 5.2.12.4            Market challenges      424
    • 5.2.12.5            Prices  425
    • 5.2.12.6            Producers         426
• 5.3        Market analysis            427
  • 5.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      427
  • 5.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   428
  • 5.3.3    Regulations     428
  • 5.3.4    Value chain     429
  • 5.3.5    Future outlook              430
  • 5.3.6    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   431
  • 5.3.7    Addressable Market Size        433
  • 5.3.8    Risks and Opportunities         434
  • 5.3.9    Global revenues           434
  • 5.3.9.1 By biofuel type               434
  • 5.3.9.2 Applications Market  434
  • 5.3.9.3 By regional market      435
• 5.4        Company profiles       436 (233 company profiles)

6             BIOPLASTICS 592

• 6.1        Overview           592
• 6.2        Technology/materials analysis          593
  • 6.2.1    Polylactic acid (PLA) 593
  • 6.2.2    Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)          595
    • 6.2.2.1 Types   596
    • 6.2.2.2 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)   600
    • 6.2.2.3 Polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV)    600
  • 6.2.3    Bio-based polyethylene (PE)                601
  • 6.2.4    Bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET)             601
  • 6.2.5    Bio-based polyurethanes (PUs)         602
  • 6.2.6    Starch-based plastics              604
  • 6.2.7    Cellulose-based plastics       605
• 6.3        Market analysis            606
  • 6.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      606
  • 6.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   607
  • 6.3.3    Regulations     607
  • 6.3.4    Value chain     608
  • 6.3.5    Future outlook              609
  • 6.3.6    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   610
  • 6.3.7    Addressable Market Size        612
  • 6.3.8    Risks and Opportunities         613
  • 6.3.9    Global revenues           613
    • 6.3.9.1 By type                613
    • 6.3.9.2 By application market              614
    • 6.3.9.3 By regional market      614
• 6.4        Company profiles       615 (581 company profiles)

7             BIOCHEMICALS           1023

• 7.1        Overview           1023
• 7.2        Technology/materials analysis          1024
  • 7.2.1    Organic acids 1028
    • 7.2.1.1 Lactic acid       1028
      • 7.2.1.1.1           D-lactic acid   1028
      • 7.2.1.1.2           L-lactic acid    1029
    • 7.2.1.2 Succinic acid 1029
    • 7.2.1.3 Itaconic acid  1030
    • 7.2.1.4 Citric acid        1031
    • 7.2.1.5 Acetic acid      1031
  • 7.2.2    Amino acids   1032
    • 7.2.2.1 Glutamic acid                1032
    • 7.2.2.2 Lysine 1033
    • 7.2.2.3 Threonine         1034
    • 7.2.2.4 Methionine      1035
    • 7.2.2.5 Vitamins produced using biotechnology     1036
      • 7.2.2.5.1           Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)            1036
      • 7.2.2.5.2           Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)      1037
      • 7.2.2.5.3           Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)      1038
      • 7.2.2.5.4           Vitamin B7 (Biotin)     1038
      • 7.2.2.5.5           Vitamin B3 (Niacin / Nicotinic Acid) 1039
      • 7.2.2.5.6           Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid / Folate)          1040
  • 7.2.3    Alcohols            1040
    • 7.2.3.1 Ethanol              1040
    • 7.2.3.2 Butanol              1041
    • 7.2.3.3 Isobutanol       1042
    • 7.2.3.4 Propanediol    1043
  • 7.2.4    Surfactants     1044
    • 7.2.4.1 Biosurfactants (e.g., rhamnolipids, sophorolipids)              1044
      • 7.2.4.1.1           Rhamnolipids 1044
      • 7.2.4.1.2           Sophorolipids                1046
      • 7.2.4.1.3           Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs)      1047
      • 7.2.4.1.4           Cellobiose lipids          1048
      • 7.2.4.1.5           Designer glycolipids and lipopeptides via synthetic biology           1049
    • 7.2.4.2 Alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) 1050
  • 7.2.5    Solvents            1050
    • 7.2.5.1 Ethyl lactate    1050
    • 7.2.5.2 Dimethyl carbonate   1051
    • 7.2.5.3 Glycerol             1052
  • 7.2.6    Flavours and fragrances         1052
    • 7.2.6.1 Vanillin               1052
    • 7.2.6.2 Nootkatone     1053
    • 7.2.6.3 Limonene         1054
    • 7.2.6.4 Bio-manufactured fragrances and aromatics          1056
    • 7.2.6.5 Biotech-derived fragrance precursors           1057
    • 7.2.6.6 Ambroxan        1057
    • 7.2.6.7 Flavour enhancers      1058
    • 7.2.6.8 Disodium Inosinate (IMP)      1059
    • 7.2.6.9 Disodium Guanylate (GMP)  1060
    • 7.2.6.10            Monatin             1061
  • 7.2.7    Bio-based monomers and intermediates    1062
    • 7.2.7.1 Succinic acid 1062
    • 7.2.7.2 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)              1063
    • 7.2.7.3 Isoprene            1063
    • 7.2.7.4 Ethylene            1064
    • 7.2.7.5 Propylene         1065
    • 7.2.7.6 Adipic acid      1066
    • 7.2.7.7 Acrylic acid     1066
    • 7.2.7.8 Sebacic acid  1067
  • 7.2.8    Bio-based polymers  1067
    • 7.2.8.1 Polybutylene succinate (PBS)             1067
    • 7.2.8.2 Polyamides (nylons)  1069
    • 7.2.8.3 Polyethylene furanoate (PEF)              1069
    • 7.2.8.4 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)            1070
    • 7.2.8.5 Polyethylene isosorbide terephthalate (PEIT)           1072
  • 7.2.9    Bio-based composites and blends  1073
    • 7.2.9.1 Wood-plastic composites (WPCs)  1073
    • 7.2.9.2 Biofiller-reinforced plastics  1074
    • 7.2.9.3 Biofiber-reinforced plastics  1075
    • 7.2.9.4 Polymer blends with bio-based components           1076
  • 7.2.10 Beauty and Personal Care Chemicals           1077
    • 7.2.10.1            Hyaluronic acid production  1077
    • 7.2.10.2            Squalene and Squalane alternatives              1078
    • 7.2.10.3            Collagen           1079
    • 7.2.10.4            Bio-based UV filters and photoprotective compounds      1080
    • 7.2.10.5            Melanin             1081
    • 7.2.10.6            Emollients       1082
  • 7.2.11 Waste 1083
    • 7.2.11.1            Food waste      1083
    • 7.2.11.2            Agricultural waste       1084
    • 7.2.11.3            Forestry waste               1085
    • 7.2.11.4            Aquaculture/fishing waste    1085
    • 7.2.11.5            Municipal solid waste              1086
    • 7.2.11.6            Industrial waste           1086
    • 7.2.11.7            Waste oils        1087
  • 7.2.12 Microbial and mineral sources           1087
    • 7.2.12.1            Microalgae      1087
    • 7.2.12.2            Macroalgae     1088
    • 7.2.12.3            Cyanobacteria              1088
    • 7.2.12.4            Mineral sources            1089
  • 7.2.13 Other Bio-manufactured Products  1090
    • 7.2.13.1            Cement alternatives from biomanufacturing           1090
    • 7.2.13.2            Precision fermentation products      1091
• 7.3        Market analysis            1092
  • 7.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      1092
    • 7.3.1.1 Company landscape in specialty chemicals biotechnology          1093
    • 7.3.1.2 Bio-manufactured beauty ingredient production capacities          1094
  • 7.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   1095
    • 7.3.2.1 Trends and drivers in biotechnology               1096
    • 7.3.2.2 Government support of biotechnology         1096
    • 7.3.2.3 Carbon taxes  1098
  • 7.3.3    Regulations     1098
  • 7.3.4    Value chain     1099
    • 7.3.4.1 Economic viability factors     1100
    • 7.3.4.2 Effect of feedstock prices      1101
    • 7.3.4.3 Scale-up effects on cost        1102
  • 7.3.5    Future outlook              1103
  • 7.3.6    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   1105
  • 7.3.7    Addressable Market Size        1106
  • 7.3.8    Risks and Opportunities         1107
  • 7.3.9    Major market challenges        1107
  • 7.3.10 Technical challenges 1108
  • 7.3.11 Global revenues           1109
    • 7.3.11.1            By type                1109
    • 7.3.11.2            By application market              1110
    • 7.3.11.3            By regional market      1110
• 7.4        Company profiles       1111 (138 company profiles)

8             BIO-AGRITECH             1200

• 8.1        Overview           1200
• 8.2        Technology/materials analysis          1201
  • 8.2.1    Biopesticides 1201
    • 8.2.1.1 Semiochemical            1202
    • 8.2.1.2 Macrobial Biological Control Agents              1203
    • 8.2.1.3 Microbial pesticides  1205
    • 8.2.1.4 Biochemical pesticides          1206
    • 8.2.1.5 Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)           1206
  • 8.2.2    Biofertilizers   1207
  • 8.2.3    Biostimulants 1208
    • 8.2.3.1 Microbial biostimulants         1208
      • 8.2.3.1.1           Nitrogen Fixation         1211
      • 8.2.3.1.2           Formulation Challenges         1212
    • 8.2.3.2 Natural Product Biostimulants          1213
    • 8.2.3.3 Manipulating the Microbiome             1216
    • 8.2.3.4 Synthetic Biology        1217
    • 8.2.3.5 Non-microbial biostimulants             1218
  • 8.2.4    Agricultural Enzymes                1219
    • 8.2.4.1 Types of Agricultural Enzymes            1219
• 8.3        Market analysis            1221
  • 8.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      1221
  • 8.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   1222
  • 8.3.3    Regulations     1222
  • 8.3.4    Value chain     1223
  • 8.3.5    Future outlook              1224
  • 8.3.6    Addressable Market Size        1225
  • 8.3.7    Risks and Opportunities         1225
  • 8.3.8    Global revenues           1226
    • 8.3.8.1 By application market              1226
    • 8.3.8.2 By regional market      1226
• 8.4        Company profiles       1227 (105 company profiles)

9             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY              1302

10          REFERENCES 1303

List of Tables

• Table 1. Biomanufacturing revolutions and representative products.      60
• Table 2. Industrial Biomanufacturing categories.  61
• Table 3. Overview of Biomanufacturing Processes.             62
• Table 4. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing   63
• Table 5. Key Components of Industrial Biomanufacturing.             64
• Table 6. Colours of biotechnology.  69
• Table 7. AI and Robotics Applications in Biomanufacturing           75
• Table 8. Advanced Technologies in Biomanufacturing Applications.       77
• Table 9. Types of Cell Culture Systems.       83
• Table 10. Factors Affecting Cell Culture Performance.      84
• Table 11. Types of Fermentation Processes.             85
• Table 12. Factors Affecting Fermentation Performance.   86
• Table 13. Advances in Fermentation Technology.   86
• Table 14. Continuous vs Batch Biomanufacturing Comparison. 89
• Table 15. Types of Purification Methods in Downstream Processing.       89
• Table 16. Factors Affecting Purification Performance.        90
• Table 17. Advances in Purification Technology.       90
• Table 18. Downstream Processing Technology Improvements.    92
• Table 19. TFF Applications in Downstream Processing.    93
• Table 20. Common formulation methods used in biomanufacturing.     93
• Table 21. Factors Affecting Formulation Performance.      94
• Table 22. Advances in Formulation Technology.     94
• Table 23. Factors Affecting Scale-up Performance in Biomanufacturing.             96
• Table 24. Scale-up Strategies in Biomanufacturing.            96
• Table 25. Factors Affecting Optimization Performance in Biomanufacturing.    98
• Table 26. Optimization Strategies in Biomanufacturing.   98
• Table 27. Machine Learning Applications in Biomanufacturing   99
• Table 28. High-Cell-Density Fermentation Parameters and Targets.         100
• Table 29. Hybrid Biotechnological-Chemical Process Applications.        101
• Table 30. Types of Quality Control Tests in Biomanufacturing.     102
• Table 31.Factors Affecting Quality Control Performance in Biomanufacturing  102
• Table 32. Types of Characterization Methods in Biomanufacturing.         104
• Table 33. Factors Affecting Characterization Performance in Biomanufacturing             105
• Table 34. DNA Synthesis Technologies and Capabilities. 106
• Table 35. CRISPR-Cas9 Applications in Biomanufacturing.           107
• Table 36. Protein Engineering Strategies and Applications.             108
• Table 37. Computer-Aided Design Tools in Biotechnology.              109
• Table 38. Strain Engineering Strategies and Targets.            110
• Table 39. Automation Applications in Biotechnology.         111
• Table 40. AI/ML Applications in Biomanufacturing Systems.         112
• Table 41. C1 Feedstock Utilization Pathways and Characteristics.            113
• Table 42. C2 Feedstock Processing and Applications.       114
• Table 43. Lignocellulosic Biomass Processing Technologies.        115
• Table 44. Blue Biotechnology Feedstock Characteristics and Applications.       116
• Table 45. Carbon Capture and Utilization Pathways in Biotechnology.   117
• Table 46. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes.              123
• Table 47. Key fermentation parameter comparison             127
• Table 48.  Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing.  128
• Table 49. Organism Categories and Production Capabilities.       130
• Table 50. E. coli Characteristics for Biomanufacturing Applications.      131
• Table 51. C. glutamicum Production Capabilities and Characteristics.  132
• Table 52. B. subtilis Production Systems and Applications.           133
• Table 53. S. cerevisiae Capabilities and Industrial Applications. 134
• Table 54. Y. lipolytica Production Capabilities and Process Parameters.               135
• Table 55. Non-Model Organisms and Specialized Applications. 136
• Table 56. Perfusion Bioreactor Technologies and Performance.  138
• Table 57. Enzyme Immobilization Methods and Characteristics. 139
• Table 58. Immobilized Catalyst Systems and Applications.            140
• Table 59. Comparison of Modes of Operation.        141
• Table 60. Host organisms commonly used in biomanufacturing.               142
• Table 61. Types of biopharmaceuticals.      144
• Table 62. Types of Monoclonal Antibodies. 145
• Table 63. Types of Recombinant Proteins.  145
• Table 64. Types of biopharma vaccines.      146
• Table 65. Types of Cell and Gene Therapies              146
• Table 66. Types of Blood Factors.     147
• Table 67. Types of Tissue Engineering Products.     147
• Table 68. Types of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics.         148
• Table 69. Types of Peptide Therapeutics.    149
• Table 70. Types of Biosimilars and Biobetters.         149
• Table 71. Types of Nanobodies and Antibody Fragments. 150
• Table 72. Types of Synthetic Biology Applications in Biopharmaceuticals.          151
• Table 73. Engineered proteins in industrial applications. 154
• Table 74. Cell-free versus cell-based systems         158
• Table 75. White biotechnology fermentation processes.  163
• Table 76. Key players in biopharmaceuticals.          175
• Table 77. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Biopharmaceuticals.      176
• Table 78. Biopharmaceuticals Regulations.              177
• Table 79. Value chain: Biopharmaceuticals.            179
• Table 80. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biopharmaceuticals.          180
• Table 81. Addressable market size for biopharmaceuticals.          182
• Table 82. Risks and Opportunities in biopharmaceuticals.             182
• Table 83. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by applications market (2020-2036), billions USD.                184
• Table 84. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by regional market (2020-2036), billions USD.    184
• Table 85. Types of industrial enzymes.          274
• Table 86. Types of Detergent Enzymes.        275
• Table 87.Types of Food Processing Enzymes             276
• Table 88. Types of Textile Processing Enzymes.      276
• Table 89. Types of Paper and Pulp Processing Enzymes.  277
• Table 90. Types of Leather Processing Enzymes.   277
• Table 91. Types of Biofuel Production Enzymes.     278
• Table 92. Lignocellulosic Enzyme Systems and Performance.      279
• Table 93. Cellulase Component Functions and Characteristics. 280
• Table 94. Hemicellulase Systems and Substrate Specificity.         281
• Table 95. Thermostable Enzyme Sources and Characteristics.    282
• Table 96. Thermostable Enzyme Economic Analysis Framework.               283
• Table 97. Types of Animal Feed Enzymes.   284
• Table 98. Types of Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Enzymes.       284
• Table 99. Types of Waste Management and Bioremediation Enzymes.   285
• Table 100. Enzymes for Plastics Recycling Applications.  286
• Table 101. Challenges in Enzymatic Depolymerization.     287
• Table 102. Types of Agriculture and Crop Improvement Enzymes.             288
• Table 103. Comparison of enzyme types.    288
• Table 104. Enzymes for Decarbonization and CO₂ Utilization.      291
• Table 105. Carbonic Anhydrase Applications in CO₂ Capture.      293
• Table 106. Formate Dehydrogenase Systems for CO₂ Conversion.            294
• Table 107. Enzymatic CO₂ Capture and Conversion Technologies.            295
• Table 108. Key players in industrial enzymes.          295
• Table 109. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in industrial enzymes.       296
• Table 110. Technology Challenges and Opportunities for Industrial Enzymes.  297
• Table 111. Industrial enzymes Regulations.              300
• Table 112. Value chain: Industrial enzymes.             300
• Table 113. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biocatalysts.          303
• Table 114. Addressable market size for industrial enzymes.          303
• Table 115. Risks and Opportunities in industrial enzymes.             304
• Table 116. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by applications market (2020-2036), billions USD.                304
• Table 117. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by regional market (2020-2036), billions USD.     305
• Table 118. Types of biofuel, by generation. 346
• Table 119. Comparison of biofuels. 349
• Table 120. Classification of biomass feedstock.    350
• Table 121. Biorefinery feedstocks.   351
• Table 122. Feedstock conversion pathways.             351
• Table 123. First-Generation Feedstocks.     351
• Table 124.  Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities.             354
• Table 125. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins.              355
• Table 126. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and  processes 355
• Table 127. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol.   357
• Table 128. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae.       359
• Table 129. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops.            360
• Table 130. Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels, by generation.    361
• Table 131. Biodiesel by generation. 364
• Table 132. Biodiesel production techniques.            366
• Table 133. Summary of pyrolysis technique under different operating conditions.         367
• Table 134. Biomass materials and their bio-oil yield.          368
• Table 135. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process.              368
• Table 136. Properties of vegetable oils in comparison to diesel.  370
• Table 137. Main producers of HVO and capacities.              371
• Table 138. Example commercial Development of BtL processes.              372
• Table 139. Pilot or demo projects for biomass to liquid (BtL) processes.               372
• Table 140. Global biodiesel consumption, 2010-2036 (M litres/year).     376
• Table 141. Biogas feedstocks.            378
• Table 142. Existing and planned bio-LNG production plants.        385
• Table 143. Methods for capturing carbon dioxide from biogas.    386
• Table 144. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways.             394
• Table 145. Markets and applications for biohydrogen.       396
• Table 146. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas. 401
• Table 147. Summary of applications of biochar in energy.               406
• Table 148. Typical composition and physicochemical properties reported for bio-oils and heavy petroleum-derived oils.          407
• Table 149. Properties and characteristics of pyrolysis liquids derived from biomass versus a fuel oil.                407
• Table 150. Main techniques used to upgrade bio-oil into higher-quality fuels.   409
• Table 151. Markets and applications for bio-oil.     410
• Table 152. Bio-oil producers.              410
• Table 153. Global renewable diesel consumption, 2010-2036 (M litres/year).   414
• Table 154. Renewable diesel price ranges. 415
• Table 155. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel.   415
• Table 156. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel.        417
• Table 157. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities. 419
• Table 158. Global bio-jet fuel consumption 2019-2036 (Million litres/year).       421
• Table 159. Algae-derived biofuel producers.             426
• Table 160. Key players in biofuels.   427
• Table 161. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in biofuels.               428
• Table 162. Biofuels Regulations.       428
• Table 163. Value chain: Biofuels.      429
• Table 164. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biofuels.   431
• Table 165. Addressable market size for biofuels.   433
• Table 166. Risks and Opportunities in biofuels       434
• Table 167. Global revenues for biofuels, by type (2020-2036), billions USD.       434
• Table 168. Global Revenues for Biofuels, by Applications Market (2020-2036), billions USD. 434
• Table 169. Global revenues for biofuels, by regional market (2020-2036), billions USD.             435
• Table 170. Granbio Nanocellulose Processes.        502
• Table 171. Types of bioplastics:        592
• Table 172. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.  593
• Table 173.Types of PHAs and properties.     597
• Table 174. Commercially available PHAs.  598
• Table 175. Markets and applications for PHAs.       599
• Table 176. Bio-based Polyethylene (Bio-PE) market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.        601
• Table 177. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.     602
• Table 178. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) producers and production capacities,             602
• Table 179. Key players in Bioplastics.            606
• Table 180. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Bioplastics.        607
• Table 181. Bioplastics Regulations. 607
• Table 182. Value chain: Bioplastics.               608
• Table 183. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Bioplastics.            610
• Table 184. Addressable market size for Bioplastics.            612
• Table 185. Risks and Opportunities in Bioplastics.              613
• Table 186. Global revenues for bioplastics, by type (2020-2036), billions USD. 613
• Table 187. Global revenues for bioplastics, by applications market (2020-2036), billions USD.            614
• Table 188. Global revenues for bioplastics, by regional market (2020-2036), billions USD.      614
• Table 189. Lactips plastic pellets.    829
• Table 190. Oji Holdings CNF products.         896
• Table 191. Types of biochemicals.   1023
• Table 192. Plant-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced.               1024
• Table 193. Waste-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced.            1025
• Table 194. Microbial and mineral-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced.         1026
• Table 195. Biobased feedstock sources for Succinic acid.              1029
• Table 196. Applications of succinic acid.    1030
• Table 197. Biobased feedstock sources for itaconic acid.               1030
• Table 198. Applications of bio-based itaconic acid.            1030
• Table 199. Feedstock Sources for Citric Acid Production.               1031
• Table 200. Applications of Citric Acid.           1031
• Table 201. Feedstock Sources for Acetic Acid Production.             1032
• Table 202. Applications of Acetic Acid.         1032
• Table 203. Feedstock Sources for Acetic Acid Production.             1032
• Table 204. Applications of Acetic Acid.         1033
• Table 205. Common lysine sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals.      1033
• Table 206. Applications of  lysine as a feedstock for biochemicals.          1034
• Table 207. Feedstock Sources for Threonine Production. 1034
• Table 208. Applications of Threonine.           1035
• Table 209.Feedstock Sources for Methionine Production.              1035
• Table 210. Applications of Methionine.        1035
• Table 211. Vitamins Produced Using Biotechnology.          1036
• Table 212. Biobased feedstock sources for ethanol.           1041
• Table 213. Applications of bio-based ethanol.        1041
• Table 214. Feedstock Sources for Butanol Production.     1041
• Table 215. Applications of Butanol. 1042
• Table 216. Biobased feedstock sources for isobutanol.    1042
• Table 217. Applications of bio-based isobutanol. 1043
• Table 218. Applications of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO).             1043
• Table 219. Types of Biosurfactants. 1044
• Table 220. Feedstock Sources for Biosurfactant Production          1044
• Table 221. Applications of Biosurfactants  1044
• Table 222. Rhamnolipid Production and Application Characteristics.     1045
• Table 223. Sophorolipid Types and Application Properties.             1046
• Table 224. Mannosylerythritol Lipid Variants and Properties.        1047
• Table 225. Cellobiose Lipid Development and Applications.         1048
• Table 226. Designer Biosurfactant Engineering Strategies               1049
• Table 227.Feedstock Sources for APG Production 1050
• Table 228. Applications of Alkyl Polyglucosides (APGs)     1050
• Table 229. Feedstock Sources for Ethyl Lactate Production.         1050
• Table 230. Applications of Ethyl Lactate.     1051
• Table 231. Feedstock Sources for Dimethyl Carbonate Production           1051
• Table 232. Applications of Dimethyl Carbonate      1051
• Table 233. Markets and applications for bio-based glycerol.          1052
• Table 234. Bio-manufactured Fragrances and Aromatics.               1056
• Table 235. Biotech-derived Fragrance Precursors.                1057
• Table 236. Bio-manufactured Enhancers.  1059
• Table 237.Feedstock Sources for Succinic Acid Production           1062
• Table 238. Applications of Succinic Acid.   1062
• Table 239. Applications of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol (BDO).        1063
• Table 240. Feedstock Sources for Isoprene Production.   1063
• Table 241. Applications of Isoprene.              1064
• Table 242. Applications of bio-based ethylene.       1064
• Table 243. Applications of bio-based propylene.   1065
• Table 244. Applications of bio-based adipic acid. 1066
• Table 245. Applications of bio-based acrylic acid.                1067
• Table 246. Bio-PBS market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.      1068
• Table 247. Leading PBS producers and production capacities.   1068
• Table 248. Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.  1069
• Table 249. FDCA and PEF producers.            1070
• Table 250. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.     1071
• Table 251. Production capacities of Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), by leading producers.       1072
• Table 252. Types of Wood-Plastic Composites (WPCs).    1074
• Table 253. Types of Biofiber-Reinforced Plastics.  1075
• Table 254. Types of Polymer Blends with Bio-based Components.           1077
• Table 255. Hyaluronic Acid Production Parameters and Applications     1078
• Table 256. Squalene/Squalane Production Methods and Characteristics.           1079
• Table 257. Collagen Production Systems and Applications.          1080
• Table 258. Bio-based UV Filter Compounds and Characteristics.              1081
• Table 259. Melanin Production and Application Parameters.        1082
• Table 260. Bio-manufactured Emollient Categories and Properties.         1083
• Table 261. Mineral source products and applications.       1090
• Table 262. Cement Alternatives from Biomanufacturing. 1091
• Table 263. Precision Fermentation Products.           1092
• Table 264. Key players in Biochemicals.      1092
• Table 265. Bio-manufactured Beauty Ingredient Production Capacities                1095
• Table 266. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Biochemicals.  1095
• Table 267. Trends and Drivers in Biotechnology.    1096
• Table 268. Government Support of Biotechnology.              1097
• Table 269. Biochemicals Regulations.          1098
• Table 270. Value chain: Biochemicals.         1099
• Table 271. Economic Viability Assessment Framework.   1101
• Table 272. Feedstock Price Impact Analysis for Biotechnology Production.        1102
• Table 273. Scale-up Cost Impact Analysis.               1103
• Table 274. Addressable market size for Biochemicals.      1106
• Table 275. Risks and Opportunities in Biochemicals.         1107
• Table 276. Market Challenge Assessment and Mitigation Strategies.       1108
• Table 277. Technical Challenge Assessment and Solutions.         1109
• Table 278. Global revenues for biochemicals, by type (2020-2036), billions USD.          1109
• Table 279. Global revenues for biochemicals, by applications market (2020-2036), billions USD.       1110
• Table 280. Global revenues for biochemicals, by regional market (2020-2036), billions USD. 1110
• Table 281. Bio-agritech categories. 1200
• Table 282. Biopesticides: Pros and Cons.   1201
• Table 283. Semiochemicals: Advantages and Disadvantages.    1202
• Table 284.Biological Pest Control: Advantages and Disadvantages.        1203
• Table 285. Global regulations on biopesticides.     1204
• Table 286. Main types of microbial pesticides.        1205
• Table 287. Main types of biochemical pesticides. 1206
• Table 288. Main types of biofertilizers.          1207
• Table 289. Types of Microbial Biostimulants.           1214
• Table 290. Main types of non-microbial biostimulants.     1218
• Table 291. Types of Agricultural Enzymes   1219
• Table 292. Key players in Bio Agritech.          1221
• Table 293. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Bio Agritech        1222
• Table 294. Bio Agritech Regulations.              1222
• Table 295. Value chain: Bio Agritech.             1223
• Table 296. Addressable market size for Bio Agritech.          1225
• Table 297. Risks and Opportunities in Bio Agritech.             1225
• Table 298. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by applications market (2020-2036), billions USD.                1226
• Table 299. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by regional market (2020-2036), billions USD.                1226

List of Figures

• Figure 1. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing.           153
• Figure 2. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering. 157
• Figure 3. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems.      159
• Figure 4. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis.     160
• Figure 5. The design-make-test-learn loop of generative biology.                165
• Figure 6. XtalPi’s automated and robot-run workstations.               272
• Figure 7. Light Bio Bioluminescent plants. 334
• Figure 8. Corbion FDCA production process.           342
• Figure 9.  Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals.                355
• Figure 10. Hydrolytic lignin powder. 358
• Figure 11. SWOT analysis for biodiesel.       365
• Figure 12. Flow chart for biodiesel production.       369
• Figure 13. Biodiesel (B20) average prices, current and historical, USD/litre.       375
• Figure 14. Biogas and biomethane pathways.          377
• Figure 15. Overview of biogas utilization.    379
• Figure 16. Biogas and biomethane pathways.          380
• Figure 17. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.   381
• Figure 18. Schematic overview of biomass gasification for biomethane production.    382
• Figure 19. SWOT analysis for biogas.             383
• Figure 20. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm³/h of Syngas, 2024.           387
• Figure 21. Properties of petrol and biobutanol.       388
• Figure 22. Biobutanol production route.      389
• Figure 23. SWOT analysis for biohydrogen. 394
• Figure 24. SWOT analysis biomethanol.      399
• Figure 25. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks.       400
• Figure 26. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading.        401
• Figure 27. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation.               402
• Figure 28. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process.  403
• Figure 29. Bio-oil upgrading/fractionation techniques.      408
• Figure 30. SWOT analysis for bio-oils.           410
• Figure 31. SWOT analysis for renewable iesel.         414
• Figure 32. SWOT analysis for Bio-aviation fuel.       416
• Figure 33. Global bio-jet fuel consumption to 2019-2036 (Million litres/year).   420
• Figure 34.  Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels.    422
• Figure 35. SWOT analysis for algae-derived biofuels.         423
• Figure 36. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production.      424
• Figure 37. ANDRITZ Lignin Recovery process.          442
• Figure 38. ChemCyclingTM prototypes.       449
• Figure 39. ChemCycling circle by BASF.       450
• Figure 40. FBPO process        461
• Figure 41. Direct Air Capture Process.          465
• Figure 42. CRI process.           467
• Figure 43. Cassandra Oil  process.  470
• Figure 44. Colyser process.  478
• Figure 45. ECFORM electrolysis reactor schematic.            483
• Figure 46. Dioxycle modular electrolyzer.    484
• Figure 47. Domsjö process.  485
• Figure 48. FuelPositive system.         496
• Figure 49. INERATEC unit.     513
• Figure 50. Infinitree swing method. 514
• Figure 51. Audi/Krajete unit. 521
• Figure 52. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.              548
• Figure 53: Plantrose process.              556
• Figure 54. Sunfire process for Blue Crude production.       571
• Figure 55. Takavator.  574
• Figure 56. O12 Reactor.           578
• Figure 57. Sunglasses with lenses made from CO2-derived materials.  578
• Figure 58. CO2 made car part.           578
• Figure 59. The Velocys process.        582
• Figure 60. Goldilocks process and applications.   584
• Figure 61. The Proesa® Process.        586
• Figure 62. PHA family.              597
• Figure 63. Pluumo.     619
• Figure 64. ANDRITZ Lignin Recovery process.          632
• Figure 65. Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel.     634
• Figure 66. MEDICELLU™.         634
• Figure 67. Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet.     643
• Figure 68. Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric.          644
• Figure 69. CNF nonwoven fabric.      645
• Figure 70. Roof frame made of natural fiber.             653
• Figure 71. Beyond Leather Materials product.          657
• Figure 72. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA.           663
• Figure 73. Reusable and recyclable foodservice cups, lids, and straws from Joinease Hong Kong Ltd., made with plant-based NuPlastiQ BioPolymer from BioLogiQ, Inc.          664
• Figure 74. Fiber-based screw cap.   679
• Figure 75: Celluforce production process. 696
• Figure 76: NCCTM Process.  697
• Figure 77: CNC produced at Tech Futures’ pilot plant; cloudy suspension (1 wt.%), gel-like (10 wt.%), flake-like crystals, and very fine powder. Product advantages include:  697
• Figure 78. formicobio™ technology. 703
• Figure 79. nanoforest-S.         706
• Figure 80. nanoforest-PDP.   706
• Figure 81. nanoforest-MB.     707
• Figure 82. sunliquid® production process. 716
• Figure 83. CuanSave film.     718
• Figure 84. Celish.        720
• Figure 85. Trunk lid incorporating CNF.         721
• Figure 86. ELLEX products.   723
• Figure 87. CNF-reinforced PP compounds.               723
• Figure 88. Kirekira! toilet wipes.         724
• Figure 89. Color CNF.               725
• Figure 90. Rheocrysta spray.                731
• Figure 91. DKS CNF products.            731
• Figure 92. Domsjö process.  733
• Figure 93. Mushroom leather.              744
• Figure 94. CNF based on citrus peel.             746
• Figure 95. Citrus cellulose nanofiber.            746
• Figure 96. Filler Bank CNC products.             760
• Figure 97. Fibers on kapok tree and after processing.         763
• Figure 98.  TMP-Bio Process.               765
• Figure 99. Flow chart of the lignocellulose biorefinery pilot plant in Leuna.         766
• Figure 100. Water-repellent cellulose.           768
• Figure 101. Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE).          769
• Figure 102. PHA production process.            771
• Figure 103. CNF products from Furukawa Electric.              772
• Figure 104. AVAPTM process.              783
• Figure 105. GreenPower+™ process.               783
• Figure 106. Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials.               786
• Figure 107. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer).     789
• Figure 108. CNF gel.  796
• Figure 109. Block nanocellulose material. 797
• Figure 110. CNF products developed by Hokuetsu.             797
• Figure 111. Marine leather products.             801
• Figure 112. Inner Mettle Milk products.        804
• Figure 113. Kami Shoji CNF products.           817
• Figure 114. Dual Graft System.          819
• Figure 115. Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins.      820
• Figure 116. Acrylic resin blended with modified CNF (fluid) and its molded product (transparent film), and image obtained with AFM (CNF 10wt% blended).        820
• Figure 117. Kel Labs yarn.      821
• Figure 118. 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side).                825
• Figure 119. Lignin gel.               834
• Figure 120. BioFlex process. 838
• Figure 121. Nike Algae Ink graphic tee.          839
• Figure 122. LX Process.           842
• Figure 123. Made of Air's HexChar panels. 845
• Figure 124. TransLeather.       846
• Figure 125. Chitin nanofiber product.            851
• Figure 126. Marusumi Paper cellulose nanofiber products.           852
• Figure 127. FibriMa cellulose nanofiber powder.    853
• Figure 128. METNIN™ Lignin refining technology.    857
• Figure 129. IPA synthesis method.   861
• Figure 130. MOGU-Wave panels.      863
• Figure 131. CNF slurries.        865
• Figure 132. Range of CNF products.               865
• Figure 133. Reishi.      869
• Figure 134. Compostable water pod.             885
• Figure 135. Leather made from leaves.         886
• Figure 136. Nike shoe with beLEAF™.              887
• Figure 137. CNF clear sheets.             896
• Figure 138. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product.       897
• Figure 139. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.           911
• Figure 140.  Precision Photosynthesis™ technology.            914
• Figure 141. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk.             916
• Figure 142. XCNF.       924
• Figure 143: Plantrose process.           925
• Figure 144. LOVR hemp leather.         929
• Figure 145. CNF insulation flat plates.          931
• Figure 146. Hansa lignin.       938
• Figure 147. Manufacturing process for STARCEL.  941
• Figure 148. Manufacturing process for STARCEL.  945
• Figure 149. 3D printed cellulose shoe.          953
• Figure 150. Lyocell process. 956
• Figure 151. North Face Spiber Moon Parka.              960
• Figure 152. PANGAIA LAB NXT GEN Hoodie.             961
• Figure 153. Spider silk production.  962
• Figure 154. Stora Enso lignin battery materials.      966
• Figure 155. 2 wt.％ CNF suspension.            967
• Figure 156. BiNFi-s Dry Powder.         968
• Figure 157. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet.        968
• Figure 158. Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material.       969
• Figure 159. Sulapac cosmetics containers.              970
• Figure 160.  Sulzer equipment for PLA polymerization processing.            971
• Figure 161. Solid Novolac Type lignin modified phenolic resins. 972
• Figure 162. Teijin bioplastic film for door handles. 981
• Figure 163. Corbion FDCA production process.     989
• Figure 164. Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF.    990
• Figure 165. CNF resin products.        994
• Figure 166. UPM biorefinery process.            995
• Figure 167. Vegea production process.        1000
• Figure 168. The Proesa® Process.     1001
• Figure 169. Goldilocks process and applications. 1003
• Figure 170. Visolis’ Hybrid Bio-Thermocatalytic Process. 1006
• Figure 171. HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.            1009
• Figure 172. Worn Again products.    1014
• Figure 173. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process.    1018
• Figure 174. Schematic of biorefinery processes.   1028
• Figure 175. Production capacities of Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) to 2025.       1070
• Figure 176. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biochemicals.     1106
• Figure 177. formicobio™ technology.              1131
• Figure 178. Domsjö process.               1136
• Figure 179.  TMP-Bio Process.             1142
• Figure 180. Lignin gel.               1164
• Figure 181. BioFlex process. 1167
• Figure 182. LX Process.           1169
• Figure 183. METNIN™ Lignin refining technology.    1173
• Figure 184. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.           1179
• Figure 185.  Precision Photosynthesis™ technology.            1181
• Figure 186. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk.             1182
• Figure 187. UPM biorefinery process.            1196
• Figure 188. The Proesa® Process.     1197
• Figure 189. Goldilocks process and applications. 1198
•  

The report includes these components:

• PDF report download/by email. Print edition also available. 
• Comprehensive Excel spreadsheet of all data.
• Mid-year Update

The Global Industrial Biomanufacturing Market 2026-2036

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The Global Industrial Biomanufacturing Market 2026-2036

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