The Global Synthetic Biology (Synbio) Market 2026-2036

1             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY            25

• 1.1        Overview of the global synthetic biology market    25
• 1.2        Difference between synthetic biology and genetic engineering    27
• 1.3        Market size and growth projections 27
  • 1.3.1    By Technology                27
  • 1.3.2    By Product Type            29
  • 1.3.3    By Market          31
  • 1.3.4    By Region         33
• 1.4        Major trends and drivers         35
• 1.5        Investments in synthetic biology      36
• 1.6        Technology roadmap 37
• 1.7        Industrial biotechnology value chain             38

2             INTRODUCTION          40

• 2.1        What is synthetic biology?    40
• 2.2        Comparison with conventional processes 40
• 2.3        Applications   41
• 2.4        Advantages     42
• 2.5        Sustainability 42
• 2.6        Synthetic Biology for the Circular Economy              43

3             TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS       45

• 3.1        Biomanufacturing processes              45
  • 3.1.1    Batch biomanufacturing        47
  • 3.1.2    Continuous biomanufacturing          48
  • 3.1.3    Fermentation Processes        48
  • 3.1.4    Cell-free synthesis     49
  • 3.1.5    Biofilm-based production     51
  • 3.1.6    Microfluidic systems 52
  • 3.1.7    Photobioreactors        52
  • 3.1.8    Membrane bioreactors            53
  • 3.1.9    Plant cell culture          54
  • 3.1.10 Mammalian cell culture          54
  • 3.1.11 Bioprinting       55
• 3.2        Cell factories for biomanufacturing 58
• 3.3        Technology Overview                59
  • 3.3.1    Metabolic engineering             60
  • 3.3.2    Gene and DNA synthesis       64
  • 3.3.3    Gene Synthesis and Assembly           65
  • 3.3.4    Genome engineering 66
    • 3.3.4.1 CRISPR              67
      • 3.3.4.1.1           CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways      67
      • 3.3.4.1.2           TALENs               68
      • 3.3.4.1.3           ZFNs    68
  • 3.3.5    Protein/Enzyme Engineering                70
  • 3.3.6    Synthetic genomics   71
    • 3.3.6.1 Principles of Synthetic Genomics    71
    • 3.3.6.2 Synthetic Chromosomes and Genomes      72
  • 3.3.7    Strain construction and optimization            74
  • 3.3.8    Smart bioprocessing 74
  • 3.3.9    Chassis organisms    75
  • 3.3.10 Biomimetics   76
  • 3.3.11 Sustainable materials              77
  • 3.3.12 Robotics and automation      77
    • 3.3.12.1            Robotic cloud laboratories   78
    • 3.3.12.2            Automating organism design              78
    • 3.3.12.3            Artificial intelligence and machine learning              78
  • 3.3.13 Bioinformatics and computational tools     79
    • 3.3.13.1            Role of Bioinformatics in Synthetic Biology               79
    • 3.3.13.2            Computational Tools for Design and Analysis         80
  • 3.3.14 Xenobiology and expanded genetic alphabets        82
  • 3.3.15 Biosensors and bioelectronics           82
  • 3.3.16 Feedstocks      83
    • 3.3.16.1            C1 feedstocks               86
      • 3.3.16.1.1        Advantages     86
      • 3.3.16.1.2        Pathways          87
      • 3.3.16.1.3        Challenges      88
      • 3.3.16.1.4        Non-methane C1 feedstocks              88
      • 3.3.16.1.5        Gas fermentation        89
    • 3.3.16.2            C2 feedstocks               89
    • 3.3.16.3            Biological conversion of CO2              89
    • 3.3.16.4            Food processing wastes         93
    • 3.3.16.5            Lignocellulosic biomass        93
    • 3.3.16.6            Syngas               94
    • 3.3.16.7            Glycerol             94
    • 3.3.16.8            Methane            94
    • 3.3.16.9            Municipal solid wastes            97
    • 3.3.16.10         Plastic wastes               98
    • 3.3.16.11         Plant oils           98
    • 3.3.16.12         Starch 99
    • 3.3.16.13         Sugars 100
    • 3.3.16.14         Used cooking oils       100
    • 3.3.16.15         Green hydrogen production 101
    • 3.3.16.16         Blue hydrogen production     102
  • 3.3.17 Marine biotechnology              104
    • 3.3.17.1            Cyanobacteria              105
    • 3.3.17.2            Macroalgae     106
    • 3.3.17.3            Companies     107

4             MARKET ANALYSIS      109

• 4.1        Market trends and drivers      109
• 4.2        Industry challenges and constraints              109
• 4.3        Synthetic biology in the bioeconomy             110
• 4.4        SWOT analysis              111
• 4.5        Synthetic biology markets     113
  • 4.5.1    Biofuels             113
    • 4.5.1.1 Solid Biofuels 115
    • 4.5.1.2 Liquid Biofuels              116
    • 4.5.1.3 Gaseous Biofuels       116
    • 4.5.1.4 Conventional Biofuels             117
    • 4.5.1.5 Advanced Biofuels     117
    • 4.5.1.6 Feedstocks      118
      • 4.5.1.6.1           First-generation (1-G)               120
      • 4.5.1.6.2           Second-generation (2-G)       121
        • 4.5.1.6.2.1      Lignocellulosic wastes and residues             122
        • 4.5.1.6.2.2      Biorefinery lignin         123
      • 4.5.1.6.3           Third-generation (3-G)             126
        • 4.5.1.6.3.1      Algal biofuels 126
          • 4.5.1.6.3.1.1  Properties         127
          • 4.5.1.6.3.1.2  Advantages     127
      • 4.5.1.6.4           Fourth-generation (4-G)          128
      • 4.5.1.6.5           Energy crops  128
      • 4.5.1.6.6           Agricultural residues 129
      • 4.5.1.6.7           Manure, sewage sludge and organic waste                129
      • 4.5.1.6.8           Forestry and wood waste       129
      • 4.5.1.6.9           Feedstock costs          130
    • 4.5.1.7 Synthetic biology approaches for biofuel production         130
    • 4.5.1.8 Bioethanol       131
      • 4.5.1.8.1           Ethanol to jet fuel technology             132
      • 4.5.1.8.2           Methanol from pulp & paper production      133
      • 4.5.1.8.3           Sulfite spent liquor fermentation      133
      • 4.5.1.8.4           Gasification    133
        • 4.5.1.8.4.1      Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation       133
        • 4.5.1.8.4.2      Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion    134
      • 4.5.1.8.5           CO2 capture and alcohol synthesis               134
      • 4.5.1.8.6           Biomass hydrolysis and fermentation           134
      • 4.5.1.8.7           Separate hydrolysis and fermentation           135
        • 4.5.1.8.7.1      Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)    135
        • 4.5.1.8.7.2      Pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF)      135
        • 4.5.1.8.7.3      Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF)         136
        • 4.5.1.8.7.4      Direct conversion (consolidated bioprocessing) (CBP)      136
    • 4.5.1.9 Biodiesel           136
    • 4.5.1.10            Biogas 139
      • 4.5.1.10.1        Biomethane    140
      • 4.5.1.10.2        Feedstocks      141
      • 4.5.1.10.3        Anaerobic digestion  142
    • 4.5.1.11            Renewable diesel        143
    • 4.5.1.12            Biojet fuel         144
    • 4.5.1.13            Algal biofuels (blue biotech) 148
      • 4.5.1.13.1        Conversion pathways               148
      • 4.5.1.13.2        Market challenges      149
      • 4.5.1.13.3        Prices  150
      • 4.5.1.13.4        Producers         150
    • 4.5.1.14            Biohydrogen   151
      • 4.5.1.14.1        Biological Conversion Routes             153
        • 4.5.1.14.1.1   Bio-photochemical Reaction              153
        • 4.5.1.14.1.2   Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion        153
    • 4.5.1.15            Biobutanol      154
    • 4.5.1.16            Bio-based methanol 155
      • 4.5.1.16.1        Anaerobic digestion  157
      • 4.5.1.16.2        Biomass gasification 158
      • 4.5.1.16.3        Power to Methane       159
    • 4.5.1.17            Bioisoprene    159
    • 4.5.1.18            Fatty Acid Esters          159
  • 4.5.2    Bio-based chemicals               160
    • 4.5.2.1 Acetic acid      161
    • 4.5.2.2 Adipic acid      161
    • 4.5.2.3 Aldehydes        162
    • 4.5.2.4 Acrylic acid     163
    • 4.5.2.5 Bacterial cellulose      163
    • 4.5.2.6 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)              166
    • 4.5.2.7 Bio-DME            167
    • 4.5.2.8 Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)                167
    • 4.5.2.9 Ethylene            168
    • 4.5.2.10            3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP)        168
    • 4.5.2.11            1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO)   169
    • 4.5.2.12            Itaconic acid  170
    • 4.5.2.13            Lactic acid (D-LA)       171
    • 4.5.2.14            1,5-diaminopentane (DA5)   171
    • 4.5.2.15            Tetrahydrofuran (THF)               172
    • 4.5.2.16            Malonic acid   173
    • 4.5.2.17            Monoethylene glycol (MEG) 174
    • 4.5.2.18            Propylene         174
    • 4.5.2.19            Succinic acid (SA)       175
    • 4.5.2.20            Triglycerides    176
    • 4.5.2.21            Enzymes           177
    • 4.5.2.22            Vitamins           177
    • 4.5.2.23            Antibiotics       177
  • 4.5.3    Bioplastics and Biopolymers              178
    • 4.5.3.1 Polylactic acid (PLA) 179
    • 4.5.3.2 PHAs   180
      • 4.5.3.2.1           Types   182
        • 4.5.3.2.1.1      PHB      183
        • 4.5.3.2.1.2      PHBV   184
      • 4.5.3.2.2           Synthesis and production processes             185
      • 4.5.3.2.3           Commercially available PHAs            187
    • 4.5.3.3 Bio-PET              188
    • 4.5.3.4 Starch blends 189
    • 4.5.3.5 Protein-based bioplastics     189
  • 4.5.4    Bioremediation             191
  • 4.5.5    Biocatalysis    192
    • 4.5.5.1 Biotransformations   192
    • 4.5.5.2 Cascade biocatalysis               192
    • 4.5.5.3 Co-factor recycling    193
    • 4.5.5.4 Immobilization             193
  • 4.5.6    Food and Nutraceutical Ingredients               193
    • 4.5.6.1 Alternative Proteins   194
    • 4.5.6.2 Natural Sweeteners   195
    • 4.5.6.3 Natural Flavors and Fragrances         195
    • 4.5.6.4 Texturants and Thickeners     196
    • 4.5.6.5 Nutraceuticals and Supplements    196
  • 4.5.7    Sustainable agriculture           196
    • 4.5.7.1 Crop Improvement and Trait Development 196
    • 4.5.7.2 Plant-Microbe Interactions and Symbiosis 197
    • 4.5.7.3 Biofertilizers   197
      • 4.5.7.3.1           Overview           197
      • 4.5.7.3.2           Companies     198
    • 4.5.7.4 Biopesticides 198
      • 4.5.7.4.1           Overview           198
      • 4.5.7.4.2           Companies     198
    • 4.5.7.5 Biostimulants 199
      • 4.5.7.5.1           Overview           199
      • 4.5.7.5.2           Companies     199
    • 4.5.7.6 Crop Biotechnology   200
      • 4.5.7.6.1           Genetic engineering  200
      • 4.5.7.6.2           Genome editing           200
      • 4.5.7.6.3           Companies     201
  • 4.5.8    Textiles               201
    • 4.5.8.1 Bio-Based Fibers         202
      • 4.5.8.1.1           Lyocell                202
      • 4.5.8.1.2           Bacterial cellulose      202
      • 4.5.8.1.3           Algae textiles  203
    • 4.5.8.2 Bio-based leather        203
      • 4.5.8.2.1           Properties of bio-based leathers       206
        • 4.5.8.2.1.1      Tear strength  207
        • 4.5.8.2.1.2      Tensile strength            207
        • 4.5.8.2.1.3      Bally flexing     207
      • 4.5.8.2.2           Comparison with conventional leathers      208
      • 4.5.8.2.3           Comparative analysis of bio-based leathers             211
    • 4.5.8.3 Plant-based leather   211
      • 4.5.8.3.1           Overview           211
      • 4.5.8.3.2           Production processes              212
        • 4.5.8.3.2.1      Feedstocks      212
        • 4.5.8.3.2.2      Agriculture Residues 212
        • 4.5.8.3.2.3      Food Processing Waste          212
        • 4.5.8.3.2.4      Invasive Plants              213
        • 4.5.8.3.2.5      Culture-Grown Inputs              213
        • 4.5.8.3.2.6      Textile-Based  213
        • 4.5.8.3.2.7      Bio-Composite             214
      • 4.5.8.3.3           Products           214
      • 4.5.8.3.4           Market players               215
    • 4.5.8.4 Mycelium leather         216
      • 4.5.8.4.1           Overview           216
      • 4.5.8.4.2           Production process   217
        • 4.5.8.4.2.1      Growth conditions     218
        • 4.5.8.4.2.2      Tanning Mycelium Leather     218
        • 4.5.8.4.2.3      Dyeing Mycelium Leather       219
      • 4.5.8.4.3           Products           219
      • 4.5.8.4.4           Market players               220
    • 4.5.8.5 Microbial leather          220
      • 4.5.8.5.1           Overview           220
      • 4.5.8.5.2           Production process   221
      • 4.5.8.5.3           Fermentation conditions       221
      • 4.5.8.5.4           Harvesting       222
      • 4.5.8.5.5           Products           222
      • 4.5.8.5.6           Market players               225
    • 4.5.8.6 Lab grown leather        226
      • 4.5.8.6.1           Overview           226
      • 4.5.8.6.2           Production process   226
      • 4.5.8.6.3           Products           227
      • 4.5.8.6.4           Market players               227
    • 4.5.8.7 Protein-based leather               228
      • 4.5.8.7.1           Overview           228
      • 4.5.8.7.2           Production process   228
      • 4.5.8.7.3           Commercial activity  229
    • 4.5.8.8 Recombinant Materials           229
    • 4.5.8.9 Sustainable Processing          230
  • 4.5.9    Packaging        230
    • 4.5.9.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)             230
    • 4.5.9.2 Applications   231
      • 4.5.9.2.1           Vials, bottles, and containers             232
      • 4.5.9.2.2           Disposable items and household goods     233
      • 4.5.9.2.3           Food packaging           233
      • 4.5.9.2.4           Wet wipes and diapers            234
    • 4.5.9.3 Proteins             234
    • 4.5.9.4 Algae-based   236
    • 4.5.9.5 Mycelium          237
    • 4.5.9.6 Antimicrobial films and agents          237
  • 4.5.10 Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals    238
    • 4.5.10.1            Drug discovery and development     240
    • 4.5.10.2            Gene therapy and regenerative medicine    241
    • 4.5.10.3            Vaccine production   242
    • 4.5.10.4            Personalized medicine            244
    • 4.5.10.5            Diagnostic tools and biosensors      246
    • 4.5.10.6            Companies     247
  • 4.5.11 Cosmetics       247
  • 4.5.12 Surfactants and detergents  248
  • 4.5.13 Construction materials           249
    • 4.5.13.1            Bioconcrete    249
    • 4.5.13.2            Microalgae biocement             251
    • 4.5.13.3            Mycelium materials   253
• 4.6        Global market revenues 2018-2036               254
• 4.6.1    By Technology                254
  • 4.6.2    By Product Type            256
  • 4.6.3    By Market          258
  • 4.6.4    By Region         260
• 4.7        Future Market Outlook            262

5             COMPANY PROFILES                264 (321 company profiles)

6             APPENDIX        464

• 6.1        Research Methodology           464
• 6.2        Glossary of Terms       464

7             REFERENCES 466

List of Tables

• Table 1. Comparison of synthetic biology and genetic engineering.          27
• Table 2. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Technology, 2018-2036 (Billion USD).          28
• Table 3. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Product Type, 2018-2036 (Billion USD).      30
• Table 4. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2018-2036 (Billion USD).    32
• Table 5. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2018-2036 (Billion USD).      34
• Table 6. Major trends and drivers in synthetic biology.       35
• Table 7. Investments in synthetic biology.  36
• Table 8. Phase 1: Foundation & Optimization (2025-2027).            37
• Table 9. Phase 2: Integration & Scale (2028-2030).              37
• Table 10. Phase 3: Transformation & Convergence (2031-2033). 37
• Table 11. Phase 4: Maturation & Optimization (2034-2036).          38
• Table 12. Differences between synthetic biology and conventional processes.                40
• Table 13. Main application areas for synthetic biology.      41
• Table 14. Advantages of synthetic biology. 42
• Table 15.  Key biomanufacturing processes utilized in synthetic biology.              45
• Table 16. Molecules produced through industrial biomanufacturing.     46
• Table 17. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing 47
• Table 18. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes.              47
• Table 19. Synthetic biology fermentation processes.          49
• Table 20. Cell-free versus cell-based systems         49
• Table 21. Comparison of the biomanufacturing processes in synthetic biology.              56
• Table 22.  Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing.  58
• Table 23. Core stages - Design, Build and Test.       60
• Table 24. Key tools and techniques used in metabolic engineering for pathway optimization.               61
• Table 25. Key applications of metabolic engineering.         62
• Table 26. Main DNA synthesis technologies              64
• Table 27. Main gene assembly methods.    65
• Table 28. Key applications of genome engineering.              69
• Table 29. Engineered proteins in industrial applications. 71
• Table 30.Key computational tools and their applications in synthetic biology.  80
• Table 31. Feedstocks for synthetic biology.               83
• Table 32. Products from C1 feedstocks in white biotechnology.  88
• Table 33. C2 Feedstock Products.   89
• Table 34. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.                91
• Table 35. Production capacities of biorefinery lignin producers. 93
• Table 36. Common starch sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals.        99
• Table 37. Biomass processes summary, process description and TRL.  102
• Table 38. Pathways for hydrogen production from biomass.          103
• Table 39. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size.   104
• Table 40. Blue biotechnology companies.  107
• Table 41. Market trends and drivers in synthetic biology.  109
• Table 42. Industry challenges and restraints in synthetic biology.              109
• Table 43. Key markets and applications for synthetic biology.      113
• Table 44. Comparison of biofuels.   114
• Table 45. Categories and examples of solid biofuel.            115
• Table 46. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity.     118
• Table 47. Classification of biomass feedstock.       118
• Table 48. Biorefinery feedstocks.     119
• Table 49. Feedstock conversion pathways.                119
• Table 50. First-Generation Feedstocks.        120
• Table 51.  Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities. 122
• Table 52. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins. 123
• Table 53. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and  processes    124
• Table 54. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol.      125
• Table 55. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae.          127
• Table 56. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops.               128
• Table 57.  Processes in bioethanol production.     135
• Table 58. Microorganisms used in CBP for ethanol production from biomass lignocellulosic.               136
• Table 59. Biodiesel by generation.    137
• Table 60. Biodiesel production techniques.              138
• Table 61. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process. 139
• Table 62. Biogas feedstocks.               141
• Table 63. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel.      145
• Table 64. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel.           145
• Table 65. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities.    147
• Table 66. Algae-derived biofuel producers.                150
• Table 67. Markets and applications for biohydrogen.          152
• Table 68. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways.                152
• Table 69. Properties of petrol and biobutanol.         154
• Table 70. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas.   157
• Table 71. Biobased chemicals that can be produced using synthetic biology approaches.      160
• Table 72. Applications of bio-based caprolactam.               162
• Table 73. Applications of bio-based acrylic acid.  163
• Table 74. Applications of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol (BDO).           166
• Table 75. Applications of bio-based ethylene.         168
• Table 76. Biobased feedstock sources for 3-HP.     169
• Table 77. Applications of 3-HP.           169
• Table 78. Applications of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO). 170
• Table 79. Biobased feedstock sources for itaconic acid.  170
• Table 80. Applications of bio-based itaconic acid.               170
• Table 81. Biobased feedstocks that can be used to produce 1,5-diaminopentane (DA5).         172
• Table 82. Applications of DN5.           172
• Table 83. Applications of bio-based Tetrahydrofuran (THF).           173
• Table 84. Markets and applications for malonic acid.         173
• Table 85. Biobased feedstock sources for MEG.     174
• Table 86. Applications of bio-based MEG.  174
• Table 87. Applications of bio-based propylene.      175
• Table 88. Biobased feedstock sources for Succinic acid. 176
• Table 89. Applications of succinic acid.       176
• Table 90. Bioplastics and bioplastic precursors synthesized via white biotechnology processes .      178
• Table 91. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.  179
• Table 92. PLA producers and production capacities.          180
• Table 93.Types of PHAs and properties.       183
• Table 94. Comparison of the physical properties of different PHAs with conventional petroleum-based polymers.         184
• Table 95. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extraction methods.           186
• Table 96. Commercially available PHAs.     188
• Table 97. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies.      190
• Table 98. Applications of white biotechnology in bioremediation and environmental remediation.     191
• Table 99. Companies developing fermentation-derived food.       194
• Table 100. Biofertilizer companies. 198
• Table 101. Biopesticides companies.            198
• Table 102. Biostimulants companies.          199
• Table 103. Crop biotechnology companies.              201
• Table 104. Types of sustainable alternative leathers.          205
• Table 105. Properties of bio-based leathers.             206
• Table 106. Comparison with conventional leathers.            208
• Table 107. Price of commercially available sustainable alternative leather products.  209
• Table 108. Comparative analysis of sustainable alternative leathers.      211
• Table 109. Key processing steps involved in transforming plant fibers into leather materials. 212
• Table 110. Current and emerging plant-based leather products. 214
• Table 111. Companies developing plant-based leather products.             215
• Table 112. Overview of mycelium-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.          216
• Table 113. Companies developing mycelium-based leather products.  220
• Table 114. Types of microbial-derived leather alternative.               223
• Table 115. Companies developing microbial leather products.   225
• Table 116. Companies developing plant-based leather products.             227
• Table 117. Types of protein-based leather alternatives.     228
• Table 118. Companies developing protein based leather.                229
• Table 119. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of PHAs in packaging.              231
• Table 120. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies.   234
• Table 121. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size. 236
• Table 122. Pharmaceutical applications of synthetic biology.       239
• Table 123. companies involved in synthetic biology for gene therapy and regenerative medicine         242
• Table 124. Companies involved in synthetic biology for vaccine production.     243
• Table 125. Companies involved in synthetic biology for personalized medicine.              245
• Table 126. Synthetic biology companies in healthcare and pharmaceuticals.  247
• Table 127. Applications of biotechnology in the cosmetics industry.       248
• Table 128. Sustainable biomanufacturing of surfactants and detergents.            249
• Table 129. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Technology, 2018-2036 (Billion USD).    255
• Table 130. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Product Type, 2018-2036 (Billion USD). 257
• Table 131. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2018-2036 (Billion USD).               259
• Table 132. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2018-2036 (Billion USD). 261
• Table 133. Glossary of Terms.             464

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Technology, 2018-2036 (Billion USD).        29
• Figure 2. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Product Type, 2018-2036 (Billion USD).    31
• Figure 3. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2018-2036 (Billion USD).  33
• Figure 4. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2018-2036 (Billion USD).    34
• Figure 6. Industrial biotechnology value chain.       39
• Figure 7. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems.      51
• Figure 8. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing.           68
• Figure 9. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering. 75
• Figure 10. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis.  76
• Figure 11. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process.   90
• Figure 12. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels. 91
• Figure 13. Overview of biogas utilization.    95
• Figure 14. Biogas and biomethane pathways.          96
• Figure 15. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.   97
• Figure 16. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix.               105
• Figure 17. SWOT analysis: synthetic biology.            112
• Figure 18.  Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals.             124
• Figure 19. Range of biomass cost by feedstock type.          130
• Figure 20. Overview of biogas utilization.    140
• Figure 21. Biogas and biomethane pathways.          141
• Figure 22. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.   143
• Figure 23. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production.      149
• Figure 24.  Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels.    151
• Figure 25. Biobutanol production route.      155
• Figure 26. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks.       156
• Figure 27. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading.        158
• Figure 28. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation.               158
• Figure 29. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process.  159
• Figure 30. Overview of Toray process.            161
• Figure 31. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes 165
• Figure 32. PHA family.              183
• Figure 33. AlgiKicks sneaker, made with the Algiknit biopolymer gel.       203
• Figure 34. Conceptual landscape of next-gen leather materials. 204
• Figure 35. Hermès bag made of MycoWorks' mycelium leather.  220
• Figure 36. Ganni blazer made from bacterial cellulose.     224
• Figure 37. Bou Bag by GANNI and Modern Synthesis.         225
• Figure 38. Paper cups lined with home-compostable PHA.            231
• Figure 39. Amorphous PHA Cosmetics Jar.                233
• Figure 40. Types of bio-based materials used for antimicrobial food packaging application.  238
• Figure 41. Self-healing bacteria crack filler for concrete.  250
• Figure 42. BioMason cement.             251
• Figure 43. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc.    252
• Figure 44. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam.      253
• Figure 45. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials.    254
• Figure 46. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Technology, 2018-2036 (Billion USD).     256
• Figure 47. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Product Type, 2018-2036 (Billion USD). 258
• Figure 48. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2018-2036 (Billion USD). 260
• Figure 49. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2018-2036 (Billion USD).  262
• Figure 50. Jelly-like seaweed-based nanocellulose hydrogel.       267
• Figure 51. Algiknit yarn.           272
• Figure 52. ALGIECEL PhotoBioReactor.        273
• Figure 53. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA.           295
• Figure 54. Domsjö process.  331
• Figure 55. Mushroom leather.              334
• Figure 56. PHA production process.               352
• Figure 57. Light Bio Bioluminescent plants.              376
• Figure 58. Lignin gel. 377
• Figure 59. BioFlex process.   380
• Figure 60. TransLeather.          384
• Figure 61. Reishi.         395
• Figure 62. Compostable water pod.               403
• Figure 63.  Precision Photosynthesis™ technology.               421
• Figure 64. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.              423
• Figure 65. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk.               424
• Figure 66. Lyocell process.   435
• Figure 67. Spider silk production.     440
• Figure 68. Corbion FDCA production process.        450
• Figure 69. UPM biorefinery process.               454
• Figure 70. The Proesa® Process.        457

The Global Synthetic Biology (Synbio) Market 2026-2036

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