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The Global Graphene Market 2026-2036

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  • Published: October 2025
  • Pages: 555
  • Tables: 157
  • Figures: 52

 

The global graphene market has reached a critical inflection point in 2025, transitioning from a predominantly research-focused sector to a commercially viable industry with established production capabilities and expanding application portfolios.  Investment activity in 2025 demonstrates growing confidence in graphene commercialization, with over $185 million in disclosed funding through October 2025.

Paragraf led 2025 funding rounds with a substantial $55 million Series C investment, supporting the company's expansion of wafer-scale graphene electronics manufacturing for semiconductor and sensor applications. This represents the largest single funding round for a graphene company in 2025 and validates the commercial potential of graphene-based electronics. CamGraPhIC, a Cambridge University spinout, secured €25 million ($27 million) in funding for its graphene-based integrated circuits, demonstrating strong European investor interest in next-generation electronics applications. The investment supports the company's transition from research prototypes to commercial production of graphene photonic integrated circuits for optical communications. Elemental Advanced Materials raised $20 million in 2024-2025, led by climate technology investor Taranis, to scale its patented single-step manufacturing process converting hydrocarbon waste into high-performance graphene and clean hydrogen simultaneously. Black Swan Graphene completed C$6 million (~$4.4 million) equity financing in February 2025, supporting global commercialization and capacity expansion of its proprietary sustainable graphene production technology using renewable feedstocks.

The convergence of maturing technology, expanding commercial applications, and sustained investment—with cumulative documented funding exceeding $1.2 billion across the sector—positions graphene for accelerated market penetration through 2025 and beyond, particularly in high-value applications where its unique properties justify premium pricing.

The Global Graphene Market 2026-2036 provides comprehensive intelligence on one of the most transformative materials of the 21st century, offering strategic insights for investors, manufacturers, technology developers, and end-users navigating the rapidly evolving graphene industry. This 550+ page report examines graphene's transition from laboratory curiosity to commercially viable material, with detailed forecasts projecting market expansion from current production levels to multi-billion-dollar valuations by 2036.

The report addresses a critical inflection point as the graphene industry scales from pilot facilities to industrial volumes, manufacturing costs decline through process optimization and economies of scale, and major corporations increasingly integrate graphene into commercial products. With profiles of >380 companies and extensive market data spanning 25+ application sectors, this report serves as the definitive resource for understanding graphene's commercial landscape through the next decade.

Market analysis reveals graphene's expanding footprint across energy storage (lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-air batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, hydrogen storage), electronics (transistors, semiconductors, flexible electronics, memory devices, conductive inks), advanced materials (composites, plastics, construction materials, 3D printing), functional coatings (paints, anti-corrosion, thermal management, EMI shielding), specialized applications (membranes, filtration, textiles, wearables, rubber, adhesives, lubricants), and emerging opportunities in biomedicine, sensors, and optoelectronics. Each sector receives detailed quantification of market size, identifying high-growth segments where graphene's exceptional properties—including superior electrical conductivity (200× copper), mechanical strength (100× steel), thermal performance (10× copper), and atomically thin structure—deliver compelling value propositions.

Comprehensive technology readiness level (TRL) assessments track 50+ distinct applications from early research (TRL 3-4) through pilot production (TRL 6-7) to commercial deployment (TRL 8-9), providing realistic market entry timelines. Detailed roadmaps extending to 2036 outline technology milestones, manufacturing scale-up trajectories, performance improvements, and commercial deployment schedules for each application sector, enabling readers to distinguish near-term opportunities from longer-term potential.

The investment landscape receives extensive analysis, examining over $1.2 billion in cumulative graphene sector funding. The report profiles venture capital trends, government support programs (including the €1 billion European Graphene Flagship, substantial Chinese provincial initiatives, and U.S. DOE funding), and strategic corporate partnerships driving commercialization. 

Production capacity analysis examines global manufacturing infrastructure, with detailed profiles of major producers in Asia (China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia), North America (USA, Canada), Europe (UK, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Poland), and emerging regions. The report quantifies production capacities by graphene type (CVD graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelets, pristine graphene, functionalized graphene, quantum dots, nanoribbons, 3D foams, liquid crystals, hybrid materials) and tracks capacity expansions through 2036.

Pricing analysis provides granular data across all graphene forms, from premium CVD films to commodity nanoplatelets ($50-$500/kg), analyzing price trends, cost reduction trajectories, and factors influencing pricing including purity, layer count, production method, and application requirements. Historical pricing data (2018-2025) combined with forecasts enable readers to model cost-performance tradeoffs and identify price-sensitive versus premium market segments.

Report contents include: 

  • Advanced Carbon Materials Overview – Comprehensive taxonomy of graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, carbon black, activated carbon, and related materials
  • Graphene and 2D Materials Fundamentals – Structure, properties, discovery history, and comparison with other 2D materials (h-BN, MoS₂, phosphorene)
  • Graphene Types Deep Dive – Detailed technical profiles of 11 graphene variants:
    • Graphene Oxide (GO): Production methods, properties, applications in composites, coatings, and energy
    • Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs): Specifications, dispersion techniques, commercial uses in batteries and polymers
    • Pristine Graphene: Defect-free material, electronic applications, production challenges
    • CVD Graphene: Wafer-scale production, electronics integration, quality metrics
    • Graphene Quantum Dots: Synthesis approaches, optical properties, biomedical and display applications
    • Functionalized Graphene: Chemical modification strategies, enhanced dispersibility, targeted applications
    • Graphene Nanoribbons: Edge configurations, bandgap engineering, semiconductor applications
    • Reduced Graphene Oxide: Reduction methodologies, restored properties, cost-effective alternative
    • 3D Graphene Foams/Sponges: Synthesis techniques, applications in energy storage and catalysis
    • Graphene Liquid Crystals: Formation mechanisms, alignment properties, advanced manufacturing
    • Hybrid Graphene: Metal-graphene, polymer-graphene, and multi-material composites
  • Market State 2025 – Current production volumes, pricing landscape, commercial maturity assessment
  • Global Production Analysis – 2018-2036 forecasts by graphene type and end-user market (tons)
  • Cost Economics – Production cost structures, manufacturing efficiency improvements, economies of scale
  • Funding and Investment 
    • Government Funding Initiatives 
    • Major Funding Rounds 2024-2025
    • Historical Funding Analysis 2020-2024 
    • Publicly Listed Companies 
    • Commercial Partnerships
  • Commercial Products
    • Product Catalog – 100+ commercial products incorporating graphene across consumer electronics, automotive, sports equipment, textiles, construction
    • Production Capacities 2025 – Major producer profiles with annual capacity data (tons/year), production technologies, target markets, regional distribution across 25+ countries
  • Pricing Analysis 
    • Pricing Factors – Purity, layer count, lateral size, defect density, production method, volume, application requirements
    • CVD Graphene Films 
    • Pristine Graphene Flakes 
    • Few-Layer Graphene 
    • Graphene Nanoplatelets 
    • Graphene Oxide/rGO 
    • 2025 Pricing Landscape – Comprehensive comparison table, supplier pricing database, 2018-2025 historical trends, 2026-2036 forecasts
  • Markets and Applications 
    • Energy Storage & Energy Generation 
      • Lithium-Ion Batteries 
      • Lithium-Sulfur Batteries 
      • Sodium-Air Batteries 
      • Supercapacitors
      • Fuel Cells 
      • Solar Cells 
      • Hydrogen Storage
    • Composites & Plastics 
    • Automotive composites
    • Optoelectronics & Sensors 
      • Photodetectors 
      • Transparent Conductive Films 
      • Biosensors 
      • Gas Sensors 
      • Optical Communications 
    • Electronics 
      • Transistors & Semiconductors 
      • Flexible Electronics 
      • Memory Devices 
      • Conductive Inks 
    • Membranes & Filtration 
    • 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing 
    • Construction Materials 
    • Life Science & Bio-Medicine 
    • Paints and Coatings
    • Additional Applications: Adhesives, sealants, lubricants (friction reduction, enhanced bonding); Thermal management (heat spreaders, thermal interface materials, electronics cooling); EMI shielding (electronics, aerospace, automotive); Textiles and wearables (smart clothing, wearable sensors, thermal regulation); Rubber and synthetics (tire reinforcement, automotive components)
 

 

Each application section includes:

  • Technical gain versus competing materials (comprehensive comparison tables)
  • Competing materials assessment (silicon, metals, carbon nanotubes, conductive polymers, ceramics)
  • Applications and Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) with specific use cases and commercial status
  • Technology roadmaps (2018-2036) with milestone timelines
  • Market opportunities (addressable markets, growth drivers, barriers, mitigation strategies)
  • SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats)
  • Market players (company profiles, products, partnerships, commercial status)
  • Market size forecasts (volumes in tons and revenues in USD, 2018-2036)

 

The report profiles over 380 graphene producers and product developers including 2DM, Abalonyx, Advanced Material Development, Aixtron, Alpha Assembly Solutions, American Boronite Corporation, Applied Graphene Materials, Applied Nanolayers, Archer Materials, Argo Graphene Solutions, Atomic Mechanics, Avadain Graphene, Avanzare, Aztrong, BeDimensional, BESTGRAPHENE, Bio Graphene Solutions, Black Semiconductor, Black Swan Graphene, BNNano, BNNT Technology Limited, C's Techno, Ceylon Graphene Technologies, Charmgraphene, Cnano, CNM Technologies, Colloids, Directa Plus, Elemental Advanced Materials, Emtel Energy, Epic Advanced Materials, First Graphene, G6 Materials, Garmor, General Graphene Corp, Gerdau Graphene, Global Graphene Group (G3), GNext, Grapheal, Graphenano Group, Graphene Composites (GC), Graphene Manufacturing Group (GMG), Graphenea, GrapheneCA, GrapheneLab Co, GrapheneUp, Graphmatech, Grolltex, Haike, Haydale, Hubron, HydroGraph, INBRAIN Neuroelectronics, Incubation Alliance, Integrated Graphene, KB Element, Knano, Laminar, LayerLogic, LayerOne, Leadernano, Levidian, Lyten, MITO Material Solutions, Molymem, NanoCrete, NanoXplore, Nanum Nanotechnology, NASA Glenn Research Center, NematiQ, Nemo Nanomaterials, NeoGraf, Ningbo Morsh, Nova Graphene, Paragraf, Perpetuus Advanced Materials, Qingdao SCF Nanotech, Qurv, Raymor Industries, Real Graphene, SEEDS, Sixonia, Skeleton Technologies, Smart High Tech, Standard Graphene, Super C Technologies, SuperC, Talga Resources, The Graphene Corporation, The Sixth Element, Thomas Swan, Toraphene, True 2 Materials, Tungshu (Dongxu Optoelectronic Technology), Turquoise Group, Universal Matter, Versarien, Vorbeck, Watercycle Technologies, William Blythe, XG Sciences, Xiamen Knano and many more.....

 

 

 

 

 

1             INTRODUCTION          26

  • 1.1        Advanced Carbon Materials 26
  • 1.2        Graphene and Other 2D materials   27
  • 1.3        Types of Graphene     28
    • 1.3.1    Graphene Oxide (GO)               29
      • 1.3.1.1 Applications   29
    • 1.3.2    Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs)      30
      • 1.3.2.1 Applications   31
    • 1.3.3    Pristine Graphene       31
      • 1.3.3.1 Applications   32
    • 1.3.4    CVD Graphene              33
      • 1.3.4.1 Applications   34
    • 1.3.5    Graphene Quantum Dots      35
      • 1.3.5.1 Production Methods 35
      • 1.3.5.2 Applications   35
    • 1.3.6    Functionalized Graphene      36
      • 1.3.6.1 Types of Functionalization    37
      • 1.3.6.2 Applications   37
    • 1.3.7    Graphene Nanoribbons          38
      • 1.3.7.1 Edge Configurations 39
      • 1.3.7.2 Production Methods 39
      • 1.3.7.3 Applications   39
    • 1.3.8    Reduced Graphene Oxide     41
      • 1.3.8.1 Reduction Methods   41
      • 1.3.8.2 Applications   42
    • 1.3.9    3D Graphene Foams/Sponges           43
      • 1.3.9.1 Synthesis Approaches             43
      • 1.3.9.2 Applications   44
    • 1.3.10 Graphene Liquid Crystals      45
      • 1.3.10.1            Formation Mechanisms         45
      • 1.3.10.2            Applications   46
    • 1.3.11 Hybrid Graphene         47
      • 1.3.11.1            Applications   48
  • 1.4        The Graphene Market in 2025             50
  • 1.5        Global Graphene Production (Tons)               51
    • 1.5.1    By Type of Graphene 51
    • 1.5.2    By End User Market    53
  • 1.6        Cost of Production     56

 

2             GRAPHENE FUNDING AND INVESTMENT  58

  • 2.1        Government Funding                58
    • 2.1.1    Major Government Initiatives              58
    • 2.1.2    Government Funding Trends and Impact    59
  • 2.2        VC and Company Investment             59
    • 2.2.1    Major Funding Rounds 2024-2025  59
    • 2.2.2    Historical Funding Activity 2020-2024          60
  • 2.3        Publicly Listed Graphene Companies           65
    • 2.3.1    Major Publicly Listed Companies     65
    • 2.3.2    Public Market Considerations            67
  • 2.4        Commercial Partnerships and Licence Agreements            67
    • 2.4.1    Partnership Models   68
      • 2.4.1.1 Joint Development Agreements (JDAs)         68
      • 2.4.1.2 Technology Licensing               68
      • 2.4.1.3 Supply and Distribution Agreements             68
      • 2.4.1.4 Strategic Corporate Partnerships     68
  • 2.4.2    Notable Commercial Partnerships  68

 

3             GRAPHENE PRODUCTS          78

  • 3.1        Commercial Products              78
  • 3.2        Commercial Production Capacities               82
    • 3.2.1    Production Capacity Considerations             82
    • 3.2.2    Regional Production Overview           83
    • 3.2.3    Production Technology Distribution               85
    • 3.2.4    Production Challenges and Market Realities            85
      • 3.2.4.1 Overcapacity Situation            85
      • 3.2.4.2 Production Scalability              86

 

4             GRAPHENE PRICING                87

  • 4.1        Overview           87
  • 4.2        Pricing factors               87
  • 4.3        Pristine Graphene Flakes / CVD Graphene 88
    • 4.3.1    CVD Graphene Films 88
  • 4.4        Pristine Graphene Flakes (Non-CVD)            89
  • 4.5        Few-Layer Graphene 89
  • 4.6        Graphene Nanoplatelets        90
    • 4.6.1    Pricing Factors and Trends    92
  • 4.7        Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)           93
    • 4.7.1    Price Ranges by Product Form (2025)           93
      • 4.7.1.1 Graphene Oxide (GO)               93
      • 4.7.1.2 Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)       93
    • 4.7.2    Market Dynamics and Pricing Trends             95
  • 4.8        Graphene Pricing Landscape 2025 96

 

5             MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS           98

  • 5.1        Energy Storage & Energy Generation               98
    • 5.1.1    Lithium-Ion Batteries                98
      • 5.1.1.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             98
      • 5.1.1.1.1           Competing Materials Assessment  99
      • 5.1.1.2 Applications and TRL                100
      • 5.1.1.3 Market Opportunities for Graphene in Li-Ion Batteries       103
      • 5.1.1.4 Market Players in Graphene Li-Ion Batteries              106
    • 5.1.2    Lithium-Sulfur Batteries          108
      • 5.1.2.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             108
      • 5.1.2.2 Applications and TRL                109
      • 5.1.2.3 Roadmap         110
      • 5.1.2.4 Market Opportunities               111
      • 5.1.2.5 Market Players               112
    • 5.1.3    Sodium-Air Batteries 113
      • 5.1.3.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             113
      • 5.1.3.2 Applications and TRL                114
      • 5.1.3.3 Roadmap         115
      • 5.1.3.4 Market Opportunities               116
      • 5.1.3.5 Market Players               117
    • 5.1.4    Supercapacitors          117
      • 5.1.4.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             117
      • 5.1.4.2 Applications and TRL                119
      • 5.1.4.3 Roadmap         121
      • 5.1.4.4 Market Opportunities               122
    • 5.1.5    Fuel Cells         125
      • 5.1.5.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             125
      • 5.1.5.2 Applications and TRL                128
      • 5.1.5.3 Roadmap         131
      • 5.1.5.4 Market Opportunities               133
    • 5.1.6    Solar Cells       136
      • 5.1.6.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             136
      • 5.1.6.2 Applications and TRL                139
      • 5.1.6.3 Roadmap         141
      • 5.1.6.4 Market Opportunities               142
      • 5.1.6.5 Market Players               145
    • 5.1.7    Hydrogen Storage       146
      • 5.1.7.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             146
      • 5.1.7.2 Applications and TRL                149
      • 5.1.7.3 Roadmap         150
      • 5.1.7.4 Market Opportunities               152
      • 5.1.7.5 Market Players               155
    • 5.1.8    Global Market Size     155
  • 5.2        Composites & Plastics            157
    • 5.2.1    Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             157
    • 5.2.2    Applications and TRL                158
      • 5.2.2.1 Automotive Composites        159
      • 5.2.2.2 Aerospace Composites          159
      • 5.2.2.3 Sports Equipment       160
      • 5.2.2.4 Marine Composites   161
      • 5.2.2.5 Thermoplastic Composites 161
      • 5.2.2.6 Thermoset Composites          162
      • 5.2.2.7 Fiber-Reinforced Plastics      163
    • 5.2.3    Conductive Plastics  163
    • 5.2.4    Roadmap         164
    • 5.2.5    Market Opportunities               165
    • 5.2.6    Market Players               166
    • 5.2.7    Global Market Size     167
  • 5.3        Optoelectronics & Sensors  169
    • 5.3.1    Photodetectors             169
      • 5.3.1.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             169
      • 5.3.1.2 Applications and TRL                170
      • 5.3.1.3 Roadmap         171
      • 5.3.1.4 Market Opportunities               171
      • 5.3.1.5 Market Players               172
    • 5.3.2    Transparent Conductive Films           173
      • 5.3.2.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             173
      • 5.3.2.2 Applications and TRL                174
      • 5.3.2.3 Roadmap         175
      • 5.3.2.4 Market Opportunities               175
      • 5.3.2.5 Market Players               176
    • 5.3.3    Biosensors      177
      • 5.3.3.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             177
      • 5.3.3.2 Applications and TRL                178
      • 5.3.3.3 Roadmap         179
      • 5.3.3.4 Market Opportunities               180
      • 5.3.3.5 Market Players               180
    • 5.3.4    Gas Sensors   181
      • 5.3.4.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             181
      • 5.3.4.2 Applications and TRL                183
      • 5.3.4.3 Roadmap         183
      • 5.3.4.4 Market Opportunities               184
      • 5.3.4.5 Market Players               185
    • 5.3.5    Optical Communications      186
      • 5.3.5.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             186
      • 5.3.5.2 Applications and TRL                187
      • 5.3.5.3 Roadmap         187
      • 5.3.5.4 Market Opportunities               188
      • 5.3.5.5 Market Players               189
    • 5.3.6    Global Market Size     190
  • 5.4        Electronics      192
    • 5.4.1    Transistors and Semiconductors      192
      • 5.4.1.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             192
        • 5.4.1.1.1           Competing Materials Assessment  194
      • 5.4.1.2 Applications and TRL                195
      • 5.4.1.3 Roadmap         197
      • 5.4.1.4 Market Opportunities               199
      • 5.4.1.5 Market Players               201
    • 5.4.2    Flexible Electronics    204
      • 5.4.2.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             204
        • 5.4.2.1.1           Competing Materials Assessment: 207
      • 5.4.2.2 Applications and TRL                208
      • 5.4.2.3 Roadmap         210
      • 5.4.2.4 Market Opportunities               212
      • 5.4.2.5 Market Players               214
    • 5.4.3    Memory Devices          217
      • 5.4.3.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             217
        • 5.4.3.1.1           Competing Materials Assessment  220
      • 5.4.3.2 Applications and TRL                220
      • 5.4.3.3 Roadmap         223
      • 5.4.3.4 Market Opportunities               224
      • 5.4.3.5 Market Players               226
    • 5.4.4    Conductive Inks           227
      • 5.4.4.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             227
        • 5.4.4.1.1           Competing Materials Assessment  230
      • 5.4.4.2 Applications and TRL                231
      • 5.4.4.3 Roadmap         233
      • 5.4.4.4 Market Opportunities               234
      • 5.4.4.5 Market Players               237
    • 5.4.5    Global Market Size     238
  • 5.5        Membranes & Filtration           240
    • 5.5.1    Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             240
      • 5.5.1.1.1           Competing Materials Assessment  243
    • 5.5.2    Applications and TRL                244
      • 5.5.2.1 Water Desalination    244
      • 5.5.2.2 Water Purification       245
      • 5.5.2.3 Gas Separation             245
      • 5.5.2.4 Oil-Water Separation 245
      • 5.5.2.5 Air Filtration    246
      • 5.5.2.6 Virus and Bacteria Filtration 246
      • 5.5.2.7 Industrial Process Filtration 246
    • 5.5.3    Roadmap         247
    • 5.5.4    Market Opportunities               248
    • 5.5.5    Market Players               250
    • 5.5.6    Global Market Size     251
  • 5.6        3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing 252
    • 5.6.1    Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             252
      • 5.6.1.1.1           Competing Materials Assessment  256
    • 5.6.2    Applications and TRL                256
      • 5.6.2.1 Filament Materials     257
      • 5.6.2.2 Resin Systems              257
      • 5.6.2.3 Metal Printing 257
      • 5.6.2.4 Conductive Inks           258
      • 5.6.2.5 Bioprinting       258
      • 5.6.2.6 Aerospace Components        258
      • 5.6.2.7 Automotive Parts         259
      • 5.6.2.8 Electronic Components         259
    • 5.6.3    Roadmap         260
    • 5.6.4    Market Opportunities               261
    • 5.6.5    Market Players               264
    • 5.6.6    Global Market Size     266
  • 5.7        Construction Materials           268
    • 5.7.1    Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             268
    • 5.7.2    Applications and TRL                269
      • 5.7.2.1 Concrete Enhancement         271
      • 5.7.2.2 Asphalt Modification 272
      • 5.7.2.3 Smart Building Materials        273
      • 5.7.2.4 3D Printing Construction       274
      • 5.7.2.5 Protective Coatings   275
      • 5.7.2.6 Thermal Management             276
      • 5.7.2.7 Structural Monitoring               278
    • 5.7.3    Roadmap         279
    • 5.7.4    Market Opportunities               280
    • 5.7.5    SWOT Analysis             281
    • 5.7.6    Market Players               282
    • 5.7.7    Global Market Size     283
  • 5.8        Life Science & Bio-Medicine 284
    • 5.8.1    Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             284
    • 5.8.2    Applications and TRL                285
      • 5.8.2.1 Drug Delivery Systems             287
      • 5.8.2.2 Biosensors      287
      • 5.8.2.3 Medical Imaging          288
      • 5.8.2.4 Tissue Engineering     288
      • 5.8.2.5 Medical Implants        288
      • 5.8.2.6 Gene Therapy 289
      • 5.8.2.7 Antibacterial Applications    289
      • 5.8.2.8 Cancer Treatment       289
      • 5.8.2.9 Neural Interfaces         290
    • 5.8.3    Roadmap         290
    • 5.8.4    Market Opportunities               291
    • 5.8.5    SWOT Analysis             292
    • 5.8.6    Market Players               293
    • 5.8.7    Global Market Size     293
  • 5.9        Paints and Coatings  295
    • 5.9.1    Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             295
    • 5.9.2    Applications and TRL                296
      • 5.9.2.1 Anti-Corrosion Coatings         297
      • 5.9.2.2 Conductive Coatings 298
      • 5.9.2.3 Thermal Barrier Coatings       298
      • 5.9.2.4 Anti-Fouling Coatings               299
      • 5.9.2.5 Scratch-Resistant Coatings 299
      • 5.9.2.6 Flame Retardant Coatings    299
      • 5.9.2.7 High-Performance Adhesives              300
    • 5.9.3    Roadmap         300
    • 5.9.4    Market Opportunities               301
    • 5.9.5    SWOT Analysis             302
    • 5.9.6    Market Players               302
    • 5.9.7    Global Market Size     303
  • 5.10     Adhesives, Sealants and Lubricants              304
    • 5.10.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             304
    • 5.10.2 Applications and TRL                305
    • 5.10.3 Roadmap         307
    • 5.10.4 Market Opportunities               308
    • 5.10.5 Market Player 308
    • 5.10.6 Global Market Size     309
  • 5.11     Thermal Management             310
    • 5.11.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             310
    • 5.11.2 Applications and TRL                311
    • 5.11.3 Roadmap         313
    • 5.11.4 Market Opportunities               314
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis             315
    • 5.11.6 Market Players               316
    • 5.11.7 Global Market Size     317
  • 5.12     Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding          319
    • 5.12.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             319
    • 5.12.2 Applications and TRL                319
    • 5.12.3 Roadmap         321
    • 5.12.4 Market Opportunities               322
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis             323
    • 5.12.6 Market Players               324
    • 5.12.7 Global Market Size     324
  • 5.13     Textiles and Wearables           326
    • 5.13.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             326
    • 5.13.2 Applications and TRL                326
    • 5.13.3 Roadmap         329
    • 5.13.4 Market Opportunities               329
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis             331
    • 5.13.6 Market Players               331
    • 5.13.7 Global Market Size     332
  • 5.14     Rubber and Synthetics            334
    • 5.14.1 Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials             334
    • 5.14.2 Applications and TRL                334
    • 5.14.3 Roadmap         336
    • 5.14.4 Market Opportunities               337
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis             338
    • 5.14.6 Market Players               339
    • 5.14.7 Global Market Size     340

 

6             GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES    341 (386 company profiles)

 

7             REFERENCES 585

 

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Types of advanced carbon materials, properties and applications.       26
  • Table 2. Different Types of Graphene and Use Cases.        29
  • Table 3. Global Graphene Demand by Type, 2018-2036 (tons).   51
  • Table 4. Global Graphene Demand by End User Market, 2018-2036 (tons).        53
  • Table 5. Cost Structure for Graphene Production. 56
  • Table 6. Graphene company funding 2022-2025. 61
  • Table 7. Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets. 69
  • Table 8. Commercial products incorporating graphene.   79
  • Table 9. Major Graphene Producers - Production Capacities (2025 Updated).  83
  • Table 10. CVD Graphene Pricing by Supplier (2025 Updated)        89
  • Table 11. Few-Layer Graphene Pricing (2025 Updated)     90
  • Table 12. Graphene Nanoplatelets Pricing by Producer (2025 Updated) 91
  • Table 13. Graphene Oxide and rGO Pricing by Producer (2025 Updated)               94
  • Table 14. Graphene Price Ranges Summary (2025).           96
  • Table 15. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Li-Ion Batteries                98
  • Table 16. Applications and TRL for Graphene in Li-Ion Batteries. 100
  • Table 17. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Li-Ion Batteries  103
  • Table 18. Market Players in Graphene Li-Ion Batteries        106
  • Table 19. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.          108
  • Table 20. Applications and TRL Graphene in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.    109
  • Table 21. Market players in Graphene in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.             112
  • Table 22. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Sodium-Air Batteries.          113
  • Table 23. Applications and TRL Graphene in Sodium-Air Batteries.           114
  • Table 24. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Sodium-Air Batteries.   116
  • Table 25. Market players in Graphene in Sodium-Air Batteries.    117
  • Table 26. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Supercapacitors.                117
  • Table 27.  Applications and TRL Graphene in Supercapacitors.   119
  • Table 28. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Supercapacitors.            122
  • Table 29. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Fuel Cells.          125
  • Table 30. Applications and TRL Graphene in Fuel Cells.    128
  • Table 31. Performance Metrics Summary. 131
  • Table 32. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Fuel Cells.            133
  • Table 33. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Solar Cells.        136
  • Table 34. Applications and TRL Graphene in Solar Cells.  139
  • Table 35. Performance Summary by Solar Cell Type:          141
  • Table 36. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Solar Cells.          142
  • Table 37. Market players in Graphene in Solar Cells.           145
  • Table 38. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Hydrogen Storage.                146
  • Table 39. Applications and TRL Graphene in Hydrogen Storage.  149
  • Table 40. Performance Summary.    150
  • Table 41. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Hydrogen Storage.          152
  • Table 42. Market players in Graphene in Hydrogen Storage.           155
  • Table 43. Energy Storage & Energy Generation - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036. 155
  • Table 44. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Composites & Plastics              157
  • Table 45. Applications and TRL Graphene in Composites & Plastics        158
  • Table 46. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Composites & Plastics.              165
  • Table 47. Market players in Graphene in Composites & Plastics 166
  • Table 48. Polymer Additives - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036           167
  • Table 49. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Photodetectors                169
  • Table 50. Applications and TRL for Graphene in Photodetectors 170
  • Table 51. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Photodetectors.               171
  • Table 52. Market Players in Graphene in Photodetectors  172
  • Table 53. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Transparent Conductive Films        173
  • Table 54. Applications and TRL for Graphene in Transparent Conductive Films 174
  • Table 55. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Transparent Conductive Films               175
  • Table 56. Market Players in Graphene in Transparent Conductive Films 176
  • Table 57. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Biosensors        177
  • Table 58. Applications and TRL for Graphene in Biosensors           178
  • Table 59. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Biosensors.        180
  • Table 60. Market Players in Graphene in Biosensors           180
  • Table 61. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Gas Sensors     181
  • Table 62. Applications and TRL for Graphene in Gas Sensors.      183
  • Table 63. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Gas Sensors       184
  • Table 64. Market Players in Graphene in Gas Sensors        185
  • Table 65. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Optical Communications        186
  • Table 66. Applications and TRL for Graphene in Optical Communications          187
  • Table 67. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Optical Communication.           188
  • Table 68. Market Players in Graphene in Optical Communications           189
  • Table 69. Optoelectronics & Sensors - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.     190
  • Table 70. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Transistors and Semiconductors          192
  • Table 71. Applications and TRL for Graphene in Transistors and Semiconductors           195
  • Table 72. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Transistors and Semiconductors          199
  • Table 73. Market Players in Graphene in Transistors and Semiconductors           201
  • Table 74. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Flexible Electronics                204
  • Table 75. Applications and TRL for Graphene in Flexible Electronics        208
  • Table 76. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Flexible Electronics        212
  • Table 77. Market Players in Graphene in Flexible Electronics         214
  • Table 78. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Memory Devices                217
  • Table 79. Applications and TRL for Graphene in Memory Devices               220
  • Table 80. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Memory Devices              224
  • Table 81. Market Players in Graphene in Memory Devices                226
  • Table 82. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Conductive Inks                227
  • Table 83. Applications and TRL Graphene in Conductive Inks       231
  • Table 84. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Conductive Inks               234
  • Table 85. Market Players in Graphene in Conductive Inks.              237
  • Table 86. Electronics Applications - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036            238
  • Table 87. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Membranes & Filtration            240
  • Table 88.  Applications and TRL for Graphene in Water Desalination.      244
  • Table 89.  Applications and TRL for Graphene in Water Purification.         245
  • Table 90.  Applications and TRL for Graphene in Gas Separation.               245
  • Table 91.  Applications and TRL for Graphene in Oil-Water Separation.  245
  • Table 92.  Applications and TRL for Graphene in Air Filtration.      246
  • Table 93.  Applications and TRL for Graphene in     Virus and Bacteria Filtration.               246
  • Table 94.  Applications and TRL for Graphene in     Industrial Process Filtration.                246
  • Table 95. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Membranes & Filtration               248
  • Table 96. Market Players in Graphene in Membranes & Filtration 250
  • Table 97. Filtration Membranes - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.  251
  • Table 98. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing              252
  • Table 99. Applications and TRL for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing Filament Materials.                257
  • Table 100. Applications and TRL for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing Resin Systems                257
  • Table 101. Applications and TRL for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Metal Printing.  257
  • Table 102. Applications and TRL for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Conductive Inks.             258
  • Table 103. Applications and TRL for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Bioprinting. .      258
  • Table 104. Applications and TRL for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive for Aerospace Components.   258
  • Table 105. Applications and TRL for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive for Automotive Parts.   259
  • Table 106. Applications and TRL for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive for Electronic Components.    259
  • Table 107. Market Opportunities for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing 261
  • Table 108. Market Players in Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing  264
  • Table 109. Additive Manufacturing - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036            266
  • Table 110. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Construction Materials.         268
  • Table 111. Applications and TRL Graphene in Construction Materials.   269
  • Table 112. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Construction Materials.           280
  • Table 113. SWOT analysis for graphene in construction.  281
  • Table 114. Market players in Graphene in Construction Materials.            282
  • Table 115. Construction Materials - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036             283
  • Table 116. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Life Science & Bio-Medicine.         284
  • Table 117. Applications and TRL Graphene in Life Science & Bio-Medicine.        285
  • Table 118. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Life Science & Bio-Medicine.                291
  • Table 119. SWOT analysis for graphene in biomedicine & healthcare.     292
  • Table 120. Market players in Graphene in Life Science & Bio-Medicine. 293
  • Table 121. Life Sciences & Bio-Medicine - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036               293
  • Table 122.Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Paints and Coatings.          295
  • Table 123. Applications and TRL Graphene in Paints and Coatings.          296
  • Table 124. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Paints and Coatings.  301
  • Table 125. SWOT analysis for graphene in Paints and Coatings.  302
  • Table 126. Market players in Graphene in Paints and Coatings.   302
  • Table 127. Paints & Coatings - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036         303
  • Table 128.Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Adhesives, Sealants and Lubricants.      304
  • Table 129. Applications and TRL Graphene in Adhesives, Sealants and Lubricants.      305
  • Table 130.Market Opportunities for Graphene in Adhesives, Sealants and Lubricants.               308
  • Table 131. Market players in Graphene in Adhesives, Sealants and Lubricants.               308
  • Table 132. Adhesives - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036          309
  • Table 133. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Thermal Management. 310
  • Table 134. Applications and TRL Graphene in Thermal Management.     311
  • Table 135. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Thermal Management.             314
  • Table 136. SWOT analysis for graphene in thermal management.              315
  • Table 137. Market players in Graphene in Thermal Management.              316
  • Table 138. Thermal Management - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036 317
  • Table 139.Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in EMI Shielding. 319
  • Table 140. Applications and TRL Graphene in EMI Shielding.         319
  • Table 141. Market Opportunities for Graphene in EMI Shielding. 322
  • Table 142. SWOT analysis for graphene in EMI shielding. 323
  • Table 143. Market players in Graphene in EMI Shielding.  324
  • Table 144. EMI Shielding - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036  324
  • Table 145. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Textiles and Wearables.      326
  • Table 146. Applications and TRL Graphene in Textiles and Wearables.   326
  • Table 147. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Textiles and Wearables.           329
  • Table 148. SWOT analysis for graphene in textiles and apparel.  331
  • Table 149. Market players in Graphene in Textiles and Wearables.            331
  • Table 150. Textiles & Apparel - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036         332
  • Table 151. Technical Gain and Function Versus Competing Materials for Graphene in Rubber and Synthetics.      334
  • Table 152. Applications and TRL Graphene in Rubber and Synthetics.    334
  • Table 153. Market Opportunities for Graphene in Rubber and Synthetics.            337
  • Table 154. SWOT analysis for graphene in rubber and tires.           338
  • Table 155. Market players in Graphene in Rubber and Synthetics.             339
  • Table 156. Rubber & Synthetics - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036   340
  • Table 157. Performance criteria of energy storage devices.            580

 

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene. 28
  • Figure 2. Global Graphene Demand by Type, 2018-2036 (tons). 52
  • Figure 3. Global Graphene Demand by End User Market, 2018-2036 (tons).      54
  • Figure 4. TONE Free T90S model.     81
  • Figure 5. Roadmap for Graphene in Li-Ion Batteries (2018-2036)               103
  • Figure 6. Roadmap for Graphene in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.       111
  • Figure 7. Roadmap for Graphene in Sodium-Air Batteries.               115
  • Figure 8. Roadmap for Graphene in Supercapacitors.        122
  • Figure 9. Roadmap for Graphene in Fuel Cells.       132
  • Figure 10. Roadmap for Graphene in Solar Cells.  142
  • Figure 11. Roadmap for Graphene in Hydrogen Storage.  151
  • Figure 12. Energy Storage & Energy Generation - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036. 156
  • Figure 13. Roadmap for Graphene in Composites & Plastics.       165
  • Figure 14. Polymer Additives - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.        168
  • Figure 15. Roadmap for Graphene in Photodetectors         171
  • Figure 16. Roadmap for Graphene in Transparent Conductive Films.      175
  • Figure 17. Roadmap for Graphene in Biosensors. 179
  • Figure 18. Roadmap for Graphene in Optical Communications  189
  • Figure 19. Optoelectronics & Sensors - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.   191
  • Figure 20. Roadmap for Graphene in Transistors and Semiconductors (2018-2036).   199
  • Figure 21. Roadmap for Graphene in Flexible Electronics (2018-2036)  211
  • Figure 22. Roadmap for Graphene Memory Devices (2018-2036).            223
  • Figure 23. Applications Roadmap to 2035 for Graphene in Conductive Inks       234
  • Figure 24. Electronics Applications - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.         239
  • Figure 25. Roadmap for Graphene in Membranes & Filtration (2018-2036).        248
  • Figure 26. Filtration Membranes - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036. 252
  • Figure 27. Roadmap for Graphene in 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing (2018-2036).              261
  • Figure 28. Additive Manufacturing - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.            267
  • Figure 29. Roadmap for Graphene in Construction Materials.      280
  • Figure 30. Construction Materials - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.            284
  • Figure 31. Roadmap for Graphene in Life Science & Bio-Medicine.           291
  • Figure 32. Life Sciences & Bio-Medicine - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.              294
  • Figure 33. Roadmap for Graphene in Paints and Coatings.             301
  • Figure 34. Paints & Coatings - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.         304
  • Figure 35. Roadmap for Graphene in Adhesives, Sealants and Lubricants.         307
  • Figure 36. Adhesives - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.         310
  • Figure 37. Roadmap for Graphene in Thermal Management.        314
  • Figure 38. Thermal Management - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.               318
  • Figure 39. Roadmap for Graphene in EMI Shielding.            322
  • Figure 40. EMI Shielding - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.  325
  • Figure 41. Roadmap for Graphene in Textiles and Wearables.      329
  • Figure 42. Textiles & Apparel - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.        333
  • Figure 43. Roadmap for Graphene in Rubber and Synthetics.       337
  • Figure 44. Rubber & Synthetics - VOLUMES (Tons), 2018-2036.  340
  • Figure 45. Brain Scientific electrode schematic.    374
  • Figure 46. Graphene battery schematic.      398
  • Figure 47. BioStamp nPoint. 484
  • Figure 48. Nanotech Energy battery.               501
  • Figure 49. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept.              504
  • Figure 50. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite.  505
  • Figure 51. Thermal conductive graphene film.         540
  • Figure 52. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint.         553

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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