cover
- Published: June 2025
- Pages: 444
- Tables: 192
- Figures: 82
The global carbon nanotubes (CNTs) market represents one of the most dynamic and rapidly expanding segments of the advanced materials industry, with market valuations projected to grow from >$5 billion to more than $25 billion by 2036. This exceptional growth trajectory reflects the transformative potential of these cylindrical carbon structures, which possess extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties that are revolutionizing multiple industries across the next decade.
The CNT market is primarily divided into two main categories: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). By 2036, MWCNTs are projected to maintain their dominance, driven by their superior mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and cost-effectiveness in large-scale applications. SWCNTs, while commanding premium pricing for specialized applications, are expected to reach $2.0 billion by 2036, finding critical roles in next-generation electronics, quantum computing, and advanced biomedical applications where their unique single-layer structure provides unmatched performance characteristics.
Energy storage emerges as the fastest-growing sector, driven by the global transition to electric vehicles and renewable energy infrastructure. CNTs serve as superior conductive additives in lithium-ion batteries, creating more effective electrical percolation networks at lower weight loadings than conventional carbons, while enabling faster charge transfer and higher battery capacity through their exceptional electrical conductivity and lightweight nature. The automotive industry's accelerating shift toward electrification, coupled with grid-scale energy storage demands, positions CNTs as essential materials for next-generation battery technologies.
CNT-reinforced materials are revolutionizing aerospace and automotive applications through lightweight structural components that maintain superior strength, enabling aircraft manufacturers to achieve significant weight reductions while enhancing fuel efficiency and safety. In the construction industry, CNT-enhanced concrete and coatings provide unprecedented durability and functionality. Electronics applications showcase CNTs' potential in flexible displays, transparent conductive films, sensors, and emerging quantum computing technologies. Their unique one-dimensional structure and tunable electronic properties make them invaluable for next-generation transistors, memory devices, and wearable electronics.
The production landscape is undergoing fundamental transformation, with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology maintaining its dominance due to scalability and cost-effectiveness. By 2036, advanced manufacturing techniques including floating catalyst CVD, plasma-enhanced processes, and emerging green synthesis methods using captured CO₂ and waste feedstocks are expected to revolutionize production economics and environmental sustainability. Major capacity expansions by industry leaders like LG Chem and OCSiAl are scaling production to meet demand growth across battery, electronics, and composite applications. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in CNT synthesis is enabling unprecedented control over nanotube chirality, diameter, and properties, opening pathways to application-specific CNT variants that were previously impossible to produce at scale.
The CNT market's future trajectory through 2036 is intrinsically linked to mega-trends including the global energy transition, space exploration initiatives, quantum computing development, and advanced manufacturing technologies. As production scales increase exponentially and costs decrease through technological breakthroughs, carbon nanotubes are positioned to become fundamental building blocks for next-generation technologies, bridging the gap between laboratory innovation and commercial reality across aerospace, automotive, energy, electronics, and emerging biotechnology sectors. The convergence of CNTs with artificial intelligence, robotics, and sustainable manufacturing represents a paradigm shift toward intelligent materials that will define the technological landscape of the next decade. Report contents include:
- Market Size & Forecasts:
- Global carbon nanotubes market projections from 2026-2035 with detailed volume (metric tons) and revenue analysis
- Comprehensive segmentation by product type (MWCNTs, SWCNTs, DWCNTs, VACNTs, FWCNTs)
- Regional market analysis covering Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, and emerging markets
- Application-specific demand forecasts across 22 major end-use sectors
- Technology & Production Analysis:
- Detailed evaluation of synthesis methods including CVD, arc discharge, laser ablation, and emerging green production technologies
- Production capacity analysis of manufacturers with current and planned expansionsBreakthrough technologies in controlled growth, hybrid CNTs, and carbon capture-derived production
- Comparative assessment of manufacturing costs, scalability, and quality control
- Applications & Market Opportunities:
- Energy storage systems: Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and next-generation energy technologies
- Electronics: transistors, memory devices, flexible displays, and quantum computing applications
- Composites & materials: aerospace, automotive, construction, and high-performance polymers
- Emerging markets: thermal interface materials, sensors, filtration, and biomedical applications
- Competitive Intelligence:
- Comprehensive profiles of 180+ companies across the value chain
- Strategic partnerships, licensing agreements, and commercial collaborations
- Patent landscape analysis and intellectual property trends
- Technology readiness levels and commercialization timelines
- Regulatory & Safety Framework:
- Global regulations governing nanomaterials production and applications
- Safety protocols, exposure monitoring, and environmental impact assessments
- Compliance requirements across major markets and industry standards
- Pricing & Market Dynamics:
- Detailed pricing analysis for MWCNTs, SWCNTs, and specialty variants
- Cost structure evolution and price forecasting through 2035
- Supply chain analysis and raw material availability
- Market challenges and growth drivers identification
The report features over 180 company profiles including 3D Strong, Birla Carbon, BNNano, BNNT, BNNT Technology Limited, Brewer Science, Büfa, C12, Cabot Corporation, Canatu, Carbice Corporation, Carbon Corp, Carbon Fly, Carbonova, CENS Materials, CHASM Advanced Materials, DexMat, Huntsman (Miralon), JEIO, LG Energy Solution, Mechnano, Meijo Nano Carbon, Molecular Rebar Design LLC, Nano-C, Nanocyl, Nanoramic Laboratories, NanoRial, NAWA Technologies, Nemo Nanomaterials, NEO Battery Materials, NoPo Nanotechnologies, NTherma, OCSiAl, PARC (Sensors), Raymor Industries, Samsung SDI (Battery), Shinko Carbon Nanotube Thermal Interface Materials, SmartNanotubes Technologies, Sumitomo Electric (Carbon Nanotube), TrimTabs, UP Catalyst, Wootz, Zeon, and Zeta Energy.
Strategic Insights Include:
- Market entry strategies for new participants and expansion opportunities for existing players
- Investment analysis and ROI projections across application segments
- Technology roadmaps and innovation pathways
- Risk assessment and mitigation strategies
- Future market scenarios and disruptive technology impacts
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 24
- 1.1 The global market for carbon nanotubes 24
- 1.1.1 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 26
- 1.1.1.1 Applications 26
- 1.1.1.2 Main market players 30
- 1.1.1.3 MWCNT production capacities, current and planned 30
- 1.1.1.4 Target market for producers 31
- 1.1.1.5 Market demand for carbon nanotubes by market 32
- 1.1.2 Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) 34
- 1.1.2.1 Applications 34
- 1.1.2.2 Production capacities current and planned 36
- 1.1.2.3 Global SWCNT market consumption 36
- 1.1.3 Double, Few and Thin-Walled CNTs 38
- 1.1.1 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 26
- 1.2 Market Outlook 2025 and beyond 38
- 1.3 Commercial CNT-based products 39
- 1.4 Market Challenges 42
- 1.5 CNTs Market Analysis 44
- 1.5.1 Manufacturing Landscape: From Laboratory to Industrial Scale 44
- 1.5.2 Market Dynamics: Supply, Demand, and Competitive Forces 44
- 1.5.3 Energy Storage: The Catalyst for Market Transformation 45
- 1.5.4 Polymer Enhancement: Multifunctional Material Solutions 46
- 1.5.5 Emerging Applications 47
- 1.5.6 Competitive Dynamics 48
- 1.5.7 Technology Roadmap and Future Developments 48
- 1.5.8 Challenges and Limitations: Addressing Market Barriers 49
- 1.5.9 Market Evolution and Growth Projections 49
- 1.5.10 Leading Industry Players 50
- 1.5.10.1 LG Chem (South Korea) 50
- 1.5.10.2 Jiangsu Cnano Technology (China) 50
- 1.5.10.3 OCSiAl Group (Luxembourg/Russia) 50
- 1.5.10.4 Cabot Corporation (United States) 51
- 1.5.10.5 JEIO Co., Ltd. (South Korea) 51
- 1.5.10.6 CHASM Advanced Materials (United States) 51
- 1.6 CNT Pricing 52
2 OVERVIEW OF CARBON NANOTUBES 55
- 2.1 Properties 55
- 2.2 Comparative properties of CNTs 56
- 2.3 Carbon nanotube materials 57
- 2.3.1 Variations within CNTs 57
- 2.3.2 High Aspect Ratio CNTs 58
- 2.3.3 Dispersion technology 58
- 2.3.4 Multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNT) 59
- 2.3.4.1 Properties 60
- 2.3.4.2 Applications 60
- 2.3.5 Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) 60
- 2.3.5.1 Properties 60
- 2.3.5.2 Applications 61
- 2.3.5.3 Comparison between MWCNTs and SWCNTs 63
- 2.3.6 Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) 63
- 2.3.6.1 Properties 63
- 2.3.6.2 Applications 63
- 2.3.7 Vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs) 64
- 2.3.7.1 Properties 64
- 2.3.7.2 Synthesis of VACNTs 65
- 2.3.7.3 Applications 66
- 2.3.7.4 VA-CNT Companies 68
- 2.3.8 Few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs) 69
- 2.3.8.1 Properties 69
- 2.3.8.2 Applications 69
- 2.3.9 Carbon Nanohorns (CNHs) 70
- 2.3.9.1 Properties 70
- 2.3.9.2 Applications 70
- 2.3.10 Carbon Onions 71
- 2.3.10.1 Properties 71
- 2.3.10.2 Applications 72
- 2.3.11 Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) 72
- 2.3.11.1 Properties 72
- 2.3.11.2 Manufacturing 73
- 2.3.11.3 Pricing 75
- 2.3.11.4 Applications 76
- 2.3.11.5 Companies 78
- 2.4 Intermediate products 78
- 2.4.1 Definitions 78
- 2.4.2 CNT Sheets 79
- 2.4.2.1 Overview 79
- 2.4.2.2 Applications 79
- 2.4.2.3 Market players 80
- 2.4.3 CNT Yarns 81
- 2.4.3.1 Overview 81
- 2.4.3.2 Properties 82
- 2.4.3.3 Applications 84
- 2.4.3.4 Manufacturing Methods 85
- 2.4.3.5 Market players 86
- 2.4.4 CNT Films 86
- 2.4.5 CNT Paper/Mats 87
- 2.4.6 CNT Coatings/Inks 87
- 2.4.7 CNT Array Strips 87
3 CARBON NANOTUBE SYNTHESIS AND PRODUCTION 88
- 3.1 Arc discharge synthesis 90
- 3.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 91
- 3.2.1 Thermal CVD 91
- 3.2.2 Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) 91
- 3.2.3 Emerging processes 92
- 3.3 High-pressure carbon monoxide synthesis 93
- 3.3.1 High Pressure CO (HiPco) 93
- 3.3.2 CoMoCAT 93
- 3.4 Combustion synthesis 94
- 3.5 Controlled growth of SWCNTs 94
- 3.6 Hybrid CNTs 95
- 3.7 Flame synthesis 95
- 3.8 Laser ablation synthesis 96
- 3.9 Vertically aligned nanotubes production 96
- 3.10 Silane solution method 97
- 3.11 By-products from carbon capture 97
- 3.11.1 CO2 derived products via electrochemical conversion 97
- 3.11.2 CNTs from green or waste feedstock 100
- 3.11.3 Advanced carbons from green or waste feedstocks 100
- 3.11.4 Captured CO₂as a CNT feedstock 101
- 3.11.5 Electrolysis in molten salts 102
- 3.11.6 Methane pyrolysis 102
- 3.11.7 Carbon separation technologies 103
- 3.11.7.1 Absorption capture 104
- 3.11.7.2 Adsorption capture 107
- 3.11.7.3 Membranes 109
- 3.11.8 Producers 111
- 3.12 Advantages and disadvantages of CNT synthesis methods 111
4 REGULATIONS 113
- 4.1 Regulation and safety of CNTs 113
- 4.2 Global regulations 113
- 4.3 Global Regulatory Bodies for Nanomaterials 114
- 4.4 Harmonized Classification of MWCNTs 115
- 4.5 Gaps in the Current Regulations 115
- 4.6 CNT Safety and Exposure 116
5 CARBON NANOTUBES PATENTS 119
6 CARBON NANOTUBES PRICING 122
- 6.1 MWCNTs 122
- 6.2 SWCNTs and FWCNTs 122
7 MARKETS FOR CARBON NANOTUBES 124
- 7.1 ENERGY STORAGE: BATTERIES 124
- 7.1.1 Market overview 124
- 7.1.2 The global energy storage market 126
- 7.1.3 Types of lithium battery 127
- 7.1.4 Li-ion performance and technology timeline 128
- 7.1.5 Cell energy 128
- 7.1.6 Applications 129
- 7.1.6.1 Carbon Nanotubes in Li-ion Batteries 130
- 7.1.6.2 CNTs in Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries 134
- 7.1.6.3 CNTs in Nanomaterials in Sodium-ion batteries 135
- 7.1.6.4 CNTs in Nanomaterials in Lithium-air batteries 136
- 7.1.6.5 CNTs in Flexible and stretchable batteries 136
- 7.1.7 Conductive Additive Mechanisms 140
- 7.1.8 Electron transport enhancement 140
- 7.1.9 Interface engineering 141
- 7.1.10 Stability mechanisms 141
- 7.1.11 Improved performance at higher C-rate 142
- 7.1.12 Carbon nanotube mechanical properties 142
- 7.1.13 Dispersion quality 143
- 7.1.14 Hybrid Conductive Carbon Materials 143
- 7.1.15 Silicon anode implementation 144
- 7.1.16 SWCNTs 145
- 7.1.17 Manufacturing Integration 146
- 7.1.17.1 Process optimization 146
- 7.1.17.2 Quality control 147
- 7.1.17.3 Scale-up challenges 147
- 7.1.18 Cost-Performance Analysis 148
- 7.1.18.1 Cost comparison with alternatives 148
- 7.1.18.2 Value proposition 148
- 7.1.19 Performance benefits quantification 149
- 7.1.20 Technology benchmarking 149
- 7.1.21 Technology pathways 149
- 7.1.22 Global market, historical and forecast to 2036 150
- 7.1.22.1 Revenues 150
- 7.1.22.2 Tons 150
- 7.1.23 Product developers 151
- 7.2 ENERGY STORAGE: SUPERCAPACITORS 153
- 7.2.1 Market overview 153
- 7.2.2 Supercapacitors overview 154
- 7.2.3 Supercapacitors vs batteries 155
- 7.2.4 Supercapacitor technologies 155
- 7.2.5 Benefits 157
- 7.2.6 Challenges 157
- 7.2.7 Applications 158
- 7.2.7.1 CNTs in Supercapacitor electrodes 158
- 7.2.7.2 CNTs in Flexible and stretchable supercapacitors 161
- 7.2.8 Technology pathways 161
- 7.2.9 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 162
- 7.2.10 Product developers 162
- 7.3 POLYMER ADDITIVES AND ELASTOMERS 163
- 7.3.1 Market overview 163
- 7.3.2 Nanocarbons in polymer composites 163
- 7.3.3 Incorporating CNTs in composites 164
- 7.3.4 Conductive composites 165
- 7.3.4.1 MWCNTs 166
- 7.3.4.2 Applications 167
- 7.3.4.3 Products 170
- 7.3.4.4 Properties 171
- 7.3.4.5 Conductive epoxy 172
- 7.3.5 Fiber-based polymer composite parts 173
- 7.3.5.1 Technology pathways 177
- 7.3.5.2 Applications 177
- 7.3.6 Metal-matrix composites 178
- 7.3.6.1 CNT copper composites 179
- 7.3.7 Elastomers 183
- 7.3.7.1 Carbon nanotube integration 183
- 7.3.7.2 Silicone elastomers 183
- 7.3.8 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 184
- 7.3.9 Product developers 184
- 7.4 3D PRINTING 187
- 7.4.1 Market overview 187
- 7.4.2 Applications 187
- 7.4.3 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 189
- 7.4.4 Product developers 189
- 7.5 ADHESIVES 190
- 7.5.1 Market overview 190
- 7.5.2 Applications 190
- 7.5.3 Technology pathways 191
- 7.5.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 192
- 7.5.5 Product developers 193
- 7.6 AEROSPACE 193
- 7.6.1 Market overview 193
- 7.6.2 Applications 194
- 7.6.3 Technology pathways 195
- 7.6.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 195
- 7.6.5 Product developers 196
- 7.7 ELECTRONICS 198
- 7.7.1 WEARABLE & FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS AND DISPLAYS 198
- 7.7.1.1 Market overview 198
- 7.7.1.2 Technology pathways 200
- 7.7.1.3 Applications 201
- 7.7.1.4 Global market, historical and forecast to 2036 206
- 7.7.1.5 Product developers 207
- 7.7.2 TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 207
- 7.7.2.1 Market overview 207
- 7.7.2.2 Applications 209
- 7.7.2.3 Technology pathways 210
- 7.7.2.4 Global market, historical and forecast to 2036 211
- 7.7.2.5 Product developers 211
- 7.7.3 MEMORY DEVICES 212
- 7.7.3.1 Market overview 212
- 7.7.3.2 Technology pathways 214
- 7.7.3.3 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 215
- 7.7.3.4 Product developers 215
- 7.7.1 WEARABLE & FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS AND DISPLAYS 198
- 7.8 QUANTUM COMPUTING 217
- 7.8.1 CNTs in Quantum computers 217
- 7.8.2 CNT qubits 217
- 7.9 RUBBER AND TIRES 218
- 7.9.1 Market overview 218
- 7.9.2 Applications 219
- 7.9.2.1 Rubber additives 220
- 7.9.2.2 Sensors 221
- 7.9.3 Technology pathways 221
- 7.9.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 222
- 7.9.5 Product developers 223
- 7.10 AUTOMOTIVE 224
- 7.10.1 Market overview 224
- 7.10.2 Applications 226
- 7.10.3 Technology pathways 226
- 7.10.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 227
- 7.10.5 Product developers 228
- 7.11 CONDUCTIVE INKS 229
- 7.11.1 Market overview 229
- 7.11.2 Applications 230
- 7.11.3 Technology pathways 231
- 7.11.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 232
- 7.11.5 Product developers 232
- 7.12 CONSTRUCTION 234
- 7.12.1 Market overview 234
- 7.12.2 Technology pathways 234
- 7.12.3 Applications 235
- 7.12.3.1 Cement 235
- 7.12.3.2 Asphalt bitumen 236
- 7.12.3.3 Green Construction 237
- 7.12.3.4 Concrete Strengthening Mechanisms 240
- 7.12.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 242
- 7.12.5 Product developers 242
- 7.13 FILTRATION 243
- 7.13.1 Market overview 243
- 7.13.2 Applications 246
- 7.13.3 Technology pathways 246
- 7.13.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 246
- 7.13.5 Product developers 247
- 7.14 FUEL CELLS 248
- 7.14.1 Market overview 248
- 7.14.2 Applications 251
- 7.14.3 Technology pathways 251
- 7.14.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 252
- 7.14.5 Product developers 252
- 7.15 LIFE SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 253
- 7.15.1 Market overview 253
- 7.15.2 Applications 256
- 7.15.3 Technology pathways 257
- 7.15.3.1 Drug delivery 257
- 7.15.3.2 Imaging and diagnostics 258
- 7.15.3.3 Implants 259
- 7.15.3.4 Medical biosensors 259
- 7.15.3.5 Woundcare 260
- 7.15.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 261
- 7.15.5 Product developers 261
- 7.16 LUBRICANTS 263
- 7.16.1 Market overview 263
- 7.16.2 Applications 265
- 7.16.3 Technology pathways 265
- 7.16.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 266
- 7.16.5 Product developers 266
- 7.17 OIL AND GAS 268
- 7.17.1 Market overview 268
- 7.17.2 Applications 269
- 7.17.3 Technology pathways 270
- 7.17.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 270
- 7.17.5 Product developers 271
- 7.18 PAINTS AND COATINGS 272
- 7.18.1 Market overview 272
- 7.18.2 Applications 278
- 7.18.2.1 Anti-corrosion coatings 278
- 7.18.2.2 Conductive coatings 278
- 7.18.2.3 EMI Shielding 279
- 7.18.3 Technology pathways 279
- 7.18.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 280
- 7.18.5 Product developers 281
- 7.19 PHOTOVOLTAICS 282
- 7.19.1 Technology pathways 283
- 7.19.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 284
- 7.19.3 Product developers 285
- 7.20 SENSORS 286
- 7.20.1 Market overview 286
- 7.20.2 Applications 288
- 7.20.2.1 Gas sensors 288
- 7.20.2.2 Printed humidity sensors 290
- 7.20.2.3 LiDAR sensors 290
- 7.20.2.4 Oxygen sensors 291
- 7.20.3 Technology pathways 291
- 7.20.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 292
- 7.20.5 Product developers 292
- 7.21 SMART AND ELECTRONIC TEXTILES 293
- 7.21.1 Market overview 293
- 7.21.2 Applications 296
- 7.21.3 Technology pathways 296
- 7.21.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 297
- 7.21.5 Product developers 298
- 7.22 THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS 298
- 7.22.1 Market overview 298
- 7.22.2 Carbon-based TIMs 301
- 7.22.2.1 VACNT TIMs 302
- 7.22.2.2 MWCNTs 303
- 7.22.2.3 SWCNTS 304
- 7.22.2.4 Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) 304
- 7.22.3 Technology pathways 305
- 7.22.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036 305
- 7.23 POWER CABLES 306
- 7.23.1 Market overview 306
- 7.23.2 Technology pathways 307
8 COMPANY PROFILES: MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES 309 (141 company profiles)
9 COMPANY PROFILES: SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES 405 (16 company profiles)
10 COMPANY PROFILES: OTHER TYPES (Boron Nitride nanotubes, double-walled nanotubes etc.) 424 (5 company profiles)
11 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 428
12 REFERENCES 429
List of Tables
- Table 1. Applications of MWCNTs. 26
- Table 2. Annual Production Capacity of Key MWCNT Producers in 2024/2025 (Metric Tons) 30
- Table 3. Market demand for carbon nanotubes by market, 2018 -2036 (metric tons). 33
- Table 4: Markets, benefits and applications of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. 34
- Table 5. Annual production capacity of SWCNT producers in 2024 (KG). 36
- Table 6. SWCNT market demand forecast (metric tons), 2018 -2035. 37
- Table 7. Classification of Commercialized CNTs. 39
- Table 8. Commercial CNT Products by Application Sector. 40
- Table 9. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for carbon nanotubes. 41
- Table 10. Carbon nanotubes market challenges. 42
- Table 11.CNT Pricing: SWCNTs, FWCNTs, MWCNTs. 52
- Table 12. Regional pricing dynamics. 53
- Table 13. Typical properties of SWCNT and MWCNT. 55
- Table 14. Properties of carbon nanotubes. 55
- Table 15. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials. 56
- Table 16. Markets, benefits and applications of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. 61
- Table 17. Comparison between single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. 63
- Table 18. Markets and applications for vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs). 66
- Table 19. VA-CNT Companies 68
- Table 20. Markets and applications for Few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs) 69
- Table 21. Markets and applications for carbon nanohorns. 70
- Table 22. Markets and applications for carbon onions. 72
- Table 23. Comparative properties of BNNTs and CNTs. 73
- Table 24. Markets and applications for BNNTs. 77
- Table 25. BNNT companies. 78
- Table 26. Definition of CNT Intermediate Products. 78
- Table 27. Applications of CNT Sheets. 80
- Table 28. CNT sheets market players. 81
- Table 29. CNT-Yarn Manufacturing Methods. 85
- Table 30. Comparison of approaches for CNT synthesis. 88
- Table 31. SWCNT synthesis methods. 90
- Table 32. CO2 derived products via electrochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages. 98
- Table 33. CNTs from green or waste feedstock. 100
- Table 34. Advanced carbons from green or waste feedstocks. 101
- Table 35. Main capture processes and their separation technologies. 103
- Table 36. Absorption methods for CO2 capture overview. 104
- Table 37. Commercially available physical solvents used in CO2 absorption. 106
- Table 38. Adsorption methods for CO2 capture overview. 107
- Table 39. Membrane-based methods for CO2 capture overview. 109
- Table 40. Companies producing CNTs Made from Green/Waste Feedstock. 111
- Table 41. Advantages and disadvantages of CNT synthesis methods 111
- Table 42. Global regulations for nanomaterials. 114
- Table 43. CNT Safety and Exposure. 118
- Table 44.MWCNT patents filed 2007-2024. 119
- Table 45. SWCNT Patents Filed 2007-2024. 120
- Table 46. Example MWCNTs and BNNTs pricing, by producer. 122
- Table 47. SWCNTs and FWCNTs pricing. 122
- Table 48. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in batteries. 124
- Table 49. Types of lithium battery. 127
- Table 50. Battery technology comparison. 128
- Table 51. Applications of carbon nanotubes in batteries. 129
- Table 52. Electrochemical performance of nanomaterials in LIBs. 130
- Table 53. Li-ion cathode benchmark. 131
- Table 54. Performance comparison by popular cathode materials. 132
- Table 55. Applications in sodium-ion batteries, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 135
- Table 56. Cost-performance analysis for CNT battery applications . 148
- Table 57. Cost comparison between CNT additives and alternative conductive materials . 148
- Table 58. Performance benefits from CNT integration . 149
- Table 59. Technology benchmarking. 149
- Table 60. Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2036. 150
- Table 61. Global demand for carbon nanotubes in batteries (tons), 2018 -2036. 150
- Table 62. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for batteries. 151
- Table 63. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors. 153
- Table 64. Supercapacitors vs batteries. 155
- Table 65. Supercapacitor technologies. 155
- Table 66. Performance of CNT supercapacitors. 156
- Table 67. Benefits of CNTs in supercapacitors 157
- Table 68. Challenges with the use of CNTs 157
- Table 69. Applications for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors. 158
- Table 70. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors. 161
- Table 71. Demand for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors (tons), 2018 -2036. 162
- Table 72. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for supercapacitors. 163
- Table 73. Routes to incorporating nanocarbon material into composites. 164
- Table 74. Routes to Electrically Conductive Composites. 165
- Table 75. Products that use CNTs in conductive plastics. 170
- Table 76. Companies producing CNT in Conductive Epoxy. 173
- Table 77. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in fiber-based composite additives. 173
- Table 78. Technology pathways for CNTs in fiber-based polymer composite additives. 177
- Table 79. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in metal matrix composite additives. 178
- Table 80. Comparison of Copper Nanocomposites. 180
- Table 81. Global market for carbon nanotubes in polymer additives and elastomers 2018 -2036, tons. 184
- Table 82. Product developers in carbon nanotubes in polymer additives and elastomers. 184
- Table 83. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in 3D printing. 188
- Table 84. Demand for carbon nanotubes in 3-D printing (tons), 2018 -2036. 189
- Table 85. Product developers in carbon nanotubes in 3D printing. 189
- Table 86. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in adhesives. 190
- Table 87. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in adhesives. 191
- Table 88. Demand for carbon nanotubes in adhesives (tons), 2018 -2036. 192
- Table 89. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for adhesives. 193
- Table 90. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in aerospace. 193
- Table 91. Applications of carbon nanotubes in aerospace. 194
- Table 92. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in aerospace. 195
- Table 93. Demand for carbon nanotubes in aerospace (tons), 2018 -2036. 196
- Table 94. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for aerospace. 196
- Table 95. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in wearable & flexible electronics and displays. 198
- Table 96. Technology pathways scorecard for carbon nanotubes in wearable electronics and displays. 201
- Table 97. Transparent Conductive Films (TCFs) Market Overview. 202
- Table 98. CNT Transparent Conductive Films by producer. 204
- Table 99. Comparison of ITO replacements. 206
- Table 100. Demand for carbon nanotubes in wearable electronics and displays, 2018 -2036 (tons). 206
- Table 101. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for electronics. 207
- Table 102. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in transistors and integrated circuits. 208
- Table 103. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in transistors and integrated circuits. 210
- Table 104. Demand for carbon nanotubes in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018 -2036. 211
- Table 105. Product developers in carbon nanotubes in transistors and integrated circuits. 211
- Table 106. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in memory devices. 212
- Table 107. Technology pathways scorecard for carbon nanotubes in memory devices. 214
- Table 108. Demand for carbon nanotubes in memory devices, 2018 -2036. 215
- Table 109. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for memory devices. 215
- Table 110. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires. 218
- Table 111. Technology pathways scorecard for carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires. 222
- Table 112. Demand for carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires (tons), 2018 -2036. 222
- Table 113. Product developers in carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires. 223
- Table 114. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in automotive. 224
- Table 115. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in automotive. 226
- Table 116. Demand for carbon nanotubes in automotive (tons), 2018 -2036 227
- Table 117. Product developers in carbon nanotubes in the automotive market. 228
- Table 118. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in conductive inks. 229
- Table 119. Comparative properties of conductive inks. 231
- Table 120. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in conductive inks. 231
- Table 121. Demand for carbon nanotubes in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2036. 232
- Table 122. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for conductive inks. 232
- Table 123. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in construction. 234
- Table 124. Carbon nanotubes for cement. 235
- Table 125. Carbon nanotubes for asphalt bitumen. 236
- Table 126. CNT-concrete sustainability metrics. 238
- Table 127. Environmental Impact Analysis. 239
- Table 128. Load Distribution Properties . 241
- Table 129. Demand for carbon nanotubes in construction (tons), 2018 -2036. 242
- Table 130. Carbon nanotubes product developers in construction. 242
- Table 131. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in filtration. 243
- Table 132. Comparison of CNT membranes with other membrane technologies 245
- Table 133. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in filtration. 246
- Table 134. Demand for carbon nanotubes in filtration (tons), 2018 -2036. 247
- Table 135. Carbon nanotubes companies in filtration. 247
- Table 136. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells. 248
- Table 137. Electrical conductivity of different catalyst supports compared to carbon nanotubes. 250
- Table 138. Markets and applications for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells. 251
- Table 139. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells. 251
- Table 140. Demand for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells (tons), 2018 -2036. 252
- Table 141. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for fuel cells. 252
- Table 142. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in life sciences and medicine. 253
- Table 143. Applications of carbon nanotubes in life sciences and biomedicine. 256
- Table 144. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in drug delivery. 258
- Table 145. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in imaging and diagnostics. 258
- Table 146. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in medical implants. 259
- Table 147. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in medical biosensors. 260
- Table 148. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in woundcare. 260
- Table 149. Demand for carbon nanotubes in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018 -2036. 261
- Table 150. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for life sciences and biomedicine. 261
- Table 151. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in lubricants. 263
- Table 152. Nanomaterial lubricant products. 264
- Table 153. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in lubricants. 265
- Table 154. Demand for carbon nanotubes in lubricants (tons), 2018 -2036. 266
- Table 155. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for lubricants. 266
- Table 156. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in oil and gas. 268
- Table 157. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in oil and gas. 270
- Table 158. Demand for carbon nanotubes in oil and gas (tons), 2018 -2036. 271
- Table 159. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for oil and gas. 271
- Table 160. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings. 272
- Table 161. Markets for carbon nanotube coatings. 275
- Table 162. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings. 279
- Table 163. Demand for carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings (tons), 2018 -2036. 280
- Table 164. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for paints and coatings. 281
- Table 165. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics. 282
- Table 166. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics. 284
- Table 167. Demand for carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics (tons), 2018 -2036. 284
- Table 168. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for solar. 285
- Table 169. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in sensors. 286
- Table 170. Applications of carbon nanotubes in sensors. 288
- Table 171. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in sensors. 291
- Table 172. Demand for carbon nanotubes in sensors (tons), 2018 -2036. 292
- Table 173. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for sensors. 293
- Table 174. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in smart and electronic textiles. 293
- Table 175. Desirable functional properties for the textiles industry afforded by the use of nanomaterials. 295
- Table 176. Applications of carbon nanotubes in smart and electronic textiles. 296
- Table 177. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in smart textiles and apparel. 297
- Table 178. Demand for carbon nanotubes in smart and electronic textiles. (tons), 2018 -2036. 297
- Table 179. Carbon nanotubes product developers in smart and electronic textiles. 298
- Table 180. Thermal conductivities (κ) of common metallic, carbon, and ceramic fillers employed in TIMs. 300
- Table 181. Thermal conductivity of CNT-based polymer composites. 300
- Table 182. Thermal Conductivity By Filler. 301
- Table 183. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in thermal interface materials. 304
- Table 184. Technology pathways for carbon nanotubes in TIMs. 305
- Table 185. Demand for carbon nanotubes in thermal interface materials (tons), 2018 -2036. 306
- Table 186. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in power cables. 306
- Table 187. Technology Pathways for Carbon Nanotubes in Power Cables to 2036. 307
- Table 188. Properties of carbon nanotube paper. 393
- Table 189. Chasm SWCNT products. 405
- Table 190. Thomas Swan SWCNT production. 420
- Table 191. Ex-producers of SWCNTs. 422
- Table 192. SWCNTs distributors. 423
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Market demand for carbon nanotubes by market, 2018 -2036 (metric tons). 34
- Figure 2. SWCNT market demand forecast (metric tons), 2018 -2036. 38
- Figure 3. Schematic diagram of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). 59
- Figure 4. Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube. 60
- Figure 5. TIM sheet developed by Zeon Corporation. 61
- Figure 6. Double-walled carbon nanotube bundle cross-section micrograph and model. 63
- Figure 7. Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes. 64
- Figure 8. Schematic of a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) membrane used for water treatment. 65
- Figure 9. TEM image of FWNTs. 69
- Figure 10. Schematic representation of carbon nanohorns. 70
- Figure 11. TEM image of carbon onion. 71
- Figure 12. Schematic of Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). Alternating B and N atoms are shown in blue and red. 72
- Figure 13. Process flow chart from CNT thin film formation to device fabrication for solution and dry processes. 86
- Figure 14. Schematic representation of methods used for carbon nanotube synthesis (a) Arc discharge (b) Chemical vapor deposition (c) Laser ablation (d) hydrocarbon flames. 89
- Figure 15. Arc discharge process for CNTs. 91
- Figure 16. Schematic of thermal-CVD method. 91
- Figure 17. Schematic of plasma-CVD method. 92
- Figure 18. CoMoCAT® process. 93
- Figure 19. Schematic for flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes (a) premixed flame (b) counter-flow diffusion flame (c) co-flow diffusion flame (d) inverse diffusion flame. 95
- Figure 20. Schematic of laser ablation synthesis. 96
- Figure 21. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction products. 98
- Figure 22. Methane pyrolysis process flow diagram (PFD). 103
- Figure 23. Amine-based absorption technology. 106
- Figure 24. Pressure swing absorption technology. 109
- Figure 25. Membrane separation technology. 110
- Figure 26. Li-ion performance and technology timeline. 128
- Figure 27. Theoretical energy densities of different rechargeable batteries. 136
- Figure 28. Printed 1.5V battery. 137
- Figure 29. Materials and design structures in flexible lithium ion batteries. 137
- Figure 30. LiBEST flexible battery. 138
- Figure 31. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs. 138
- Figure 32. Carbon nanotubes incorporated into flexible display. 139
- Figure 33. Demand for carbon nanotubes in batteries (tons), 2018 -2036. 151
- Figure 34. (A) Schematic overview of a flexible supercapacitor as compared to conventional supercapacitor. 161
- Figure 35. Demand for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors (tons), 2018 -2036. 162
- Figure 36. Carbon nanotube Composite Overwrap Pressure Vessel (COPV). 169
- Figure 37. CSCNT Reinforced Prepreg. 185
- Figure 38. Parts 3D printed from Mechnano’s CNT ESD resin. 187
- Figure 39. HeatCoat technology schematic. 196
- Figure 40. Veelo carbon fiber nanotube sheet. 198
- Figure 41. Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs. 212
- Figure 42. Carbon nanotubes NRAM chip. 216
- Figure 43. Strategic Elements’ transparent glass demonstrator. 216
- Figure 44. ZEON tires. 221
- Figure 45. Schematic of CNTs as heat-dissipation sheets. 228
- Figure 46. Nanotube inks 233
- Figure 47. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete. 234
- Figure 48. CARESTREAM DRX-Revolution Nano Mobile X-ray System. 262
- Figure 49. CSCNT Reinforced Prepreg. 281
- Figure 50. Suntech/TCNT nanotube frame module 285
- Figure 51. AerNos CNT based gas sensor. 289
- Figure 52. SmartNanotubes CNT based gas sensor. 290
- Figure 53. (L-R) Surface of a commercial heatsink surface at progressively higher magnifications, showing tool marks that create a rough surface and a need for a thermal interface material. 299
- Figure 54. Schematic of thermal interface materials used in a flip chip package. 299
- Figure 55. AWN Nanotech water harvesting prototype. 312
- Figure 56. Large transparent heater for LiDAR. 323
- Figure 57. Carbonics, Inc.’s carbon nanotube technology. 326
- Figure 58. Fuji carbon nanotube products. 337
- Figure 59. Cup Stacked Type Carbon Nano Tubes schematic. 339
- Figure 60. CSCNT composite dispersion. 340
- Figure 61. Flexible CNT CMOS integrated circuits with sub-10 nanoseconds stage delays. 344
- Figure 62. Koatsu Gas Kogyo Co. Ltd CNT product. 348
- Figure 63. Li-S Energy 20-layer battery cell utilising semi-solid state lithium sulfur battery technology. 353
- Figure 64. Test specimens fabricated using MECHnano’s radiation curable resins modified with carbon nanotubes. 356
- Figure 65. NAWACap. 365
- Figure 66. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept. 366
- Figure 67. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite. 367
- Figure 68. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production. 368
- Figure 69. TEM images of carbon nanobrush. 369
- Figure 70. CNT film. 371
- Figure 71. Shinko Carbon Nanotube TIM product. 383
- Figure 72. VB Series of TIMS from Zeon. 401
- Figure 73. Vertically aligned CNTs on foil, double-sided coating. 403
- Figure 74. Schematic of a fluidized bed reactor which is able to scale up the generation of SWNTs using the CoMoCAT process. 406
- Figure 75. Carbon nanotube paint product. 410
- Figure 76. MEIJO eDIPS product. 411
- Figure 77. HiPCO® Reactor. 414
- Figure 78. Smell iX16 multi-channel gas detector chip. 418
- Figure 79. The Smell Inspector. 418
- Figure 80. Toray CNF printed RFID. 421
- Figure 81. Internal structure of carbon nanotube adhesive sheet. 425
- Figure 82. Carbon nanotube adhesive sheet. 426
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