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The Global Quantum Computing Market 2026-2046

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  • Published: July 2025
  • Pages: 353
  • Tables: 88
  • Figures: 65

 

The quantum computing market has reached an unprecedented inflection point in 2025, characterized by accelerating technological breakthroughs, massive investment inflows, and the emergence of practical quantum applications across multiple industries. Building on the remarkable momentum from 2024, when global quantum investments surpassed $1 billion for the first time, the sector continues to attract record-breaking funding while demonstrating tangible progress toward commercial viability. The quantum computing ecosystem has evolved into a sophisticated, multi-layered market encompassing hardware platforms, software development tools, cloud services, and industry-specific applications. Multiple quantum technologies compete and complement each other, including superconducting qubits, trapped ion systems, photonic quantum computers, and emerging silicon spin qubits. This technological diversity reduces the risk of betting on a single approach while accelerating innovation across multiple pathways.

2025 has witnessed extraordinary investment momentum. Q1 funding included: 

  • SandboxAQ secured a $150 million add-on funding round in April 2025, building on their massive $300 million raise in December 2024.
  • Quantum Machines raised $170 million, reflecting strong investor confidence in quantum control systems and infrastructure.
  • IQM Quantum Computers secured $73 million (€68 million).

 

The second quarter of 2025 witnessed further significant market activity, culminating in IonQ's groundbreaking $1.08 billion acquisition of Oxford Ionics, representing the largest transaction in quantum computing history. This mega-deal signals a fundamental shift toward consolidation and strategic technology integration within the quantum sector, while highlighting the critical importance of advanced control technologies for quantum scalability. Several key trends have emerged throughout 2025's funding activity. Average round sizes have increased substantially, with major transactions regularly exceeding $50 million, indicating growing investor confidence in quantum computing's commercial viability. Corporate strategic investors, particularly major technology companies like Google, Nvidia, Intel, and Microsoft, are making increasingly significant investments, recognizing quantum computing's strategic importance for long-term competitive positioning..The investment surge follows significant technical breakthroughs in 2024, including Google's Willow chip demonstration and major advances in quantum error correction. These achievements have accelerated investor confidence in the sector's commercial potential, particularly as quantum computing hardware approaches fault tolerance and practical applications become increasingly achievable.

The quantum computing market is positioned for continued explosive growth, driven by the convergence of technological advancement, substantial investment capital, and emerging practical applications across industries including financial services, pharmaceuticals, materials science, and artificial intelligence. The strong investment activity in early 2025, combined with continued technological progress and expanding industry adoption, suggests that quantum computing is transitioning from a purely research-focused field to a commercially viable technology sector poised for mainstream deployment over the next decade.

The Global Quantum Computing Market 2026-2046 represents the most comprehensive analysis of the rapidly evolving quantum computing ecosystem, providing critical insights into market dynamics, technological developments, investment trends, and future growth opportunities. This authoritative report delivers essential intelligence for stakeholders, investors, technology leaders, and policy makers navigating the quantum revolution. 

This extensive market intelligence report examines the quantum computing landscape across multiple dimensions, analyzing hardware technologies including superconducting qubits, trapped ion systems, silicon spin qubits, photonic quantum computers, neutral atom platforms, topological qubits, and quantum annealers. The report provides detailed market forecasts extending to 2046, covering revenue projections, installed base growth, pricing trends, and technology adoption patterns across global markets. With quantum computing transitioning from research laboratories to commercial applications, this analysis identifies key inflection points, market opportunities, and strategic positioning requirements for market participants. The report thoroughly examines the quantum software ecosystem, including development platforms, quantum algorithms, machine learning applications, optimization solutions, and cryptography implementations. Critical infrastructure requirements, including cryogenic systems, control electronics, and quantum-classical hybrid architectures, receive comprehensive coverage. Regional market dynamics, government initiatives, and national quantum strategies are analyzed across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and emerging markets, providing global perspective on quantum computing development.

Report contents include: 

  • Comprehensive quantum computing market sizing and forecasts (2026-2046) with detailed revenue projections by technology, application, and geography
  • Installed base forecasting by quantum technology platform including superconducting, trapped ion, silicon spin, photonic, neutral atom, and topological systems
  • Pricing analysis and trends across different quantum computing system categories and deployment models
  • Hardware revenue forecasting by technology platform and system type with detailed market segmentation
  • Data center deployment analysis comparing quantum computer adoption to global data center infrastructure growth
  • Technology Landscape and Competitive Intelligence:
    • Deep-dive analysis of quantum hardware technologies including technical specifications, performance benchmarks, and commercial readiness levels
    • Comprehensive market player profiles across hardware, software, applications, and infrastructure segments
    • Quantum software stack analysis covering development platforms, algorithms, applications, and cloud services
    • Infrastructure requirements assessment including cryogenic systems, control electronics, and specialized components
    • Materials analysis for quantum computing including superconductors, photonics, and nanomaterials
  • Industry Applications and Use Cases:
    • Sector-specific quantum computing applications in pharmaceuticals, chemicals, transportation, financial services, and automotive industries
    • Market opportunity assessment across drug discovery, molecular simulation, optimization, cryptography, and artificial intelligence
    • Crossover technologies including quantum communications, quantum sensing, and quantum-AI convergence
    • Commercial applications analysis with total addressable market (TAM) calculations for key vertical markets
    • Case studies and implementation roadmaps for enterprise quantum adoption
  • Investment Landscape and Strategic Analysis:
    • Detailed funding analysis covering venture capital, corporate investment, government funding, and M&A activity (2024-2025)
    • Strategic partnership analysis and business model evolution in the quantum ecosystem
    • Government initiatives and national quantum strategies with funding commitments and policy implications
    • Investment trends analysis including geographic distribution, sector focus, and funding stage dynamics
    • Market challenges assessment including technical barriers, commercialization hurdles, and adoption constraints
  •  Future Outlook:
    • SWOT analysis for quantum computing market development with strategic recommendations
    • Commercial readiness roadmaps by technology platform with timeline projections to 2046
    • Quantum computing value chain analysis identifying key stakeholders and value capture opportunities
    • Risk assessment and mitigation strategies for quantum technology investment and adoption
    • Emerging trends analysis including quantum-AI convergence, hybrid computing architectures, and next-generation applications

 

This comprehensive report features detailed profiles of 217 companies shaping the quantum computing ecosystem, providing essential intelligence on market leaders, emerging players, and innovative startups across the quantum value chain. The profiled companies include A* Quantum, AbaQus, Aegiq, Agnostiq, Algorithmiq Oy, Airbus, Alpine Quantum Technologies GmbH (AQT), Alice&Bob, Aliro Quantum, Anyon Systems Inc., Archer Materials, Arclight Quantum, Arctic Instruments, ARQUE Systems GmbH, Atlantic Quantum, Atom Computing, Atom Quantum Labs, Atos Quantum, Baidu Inc., BEIT, Bifrost Electronics, BlueFors, BlueQubit, Bohr Quantum Technology, BosonQ Ps, C12 Quantum Electronics, Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC), CAS Cold Atom, CEW Systems Canada Inc., ColibriTD, Classiq Technologies, Commutator Studios GmbH, Crystal Quantum Computing, D-Wave Systems, Diatope GmbH, Dirac, Diraq, Delft Circuits, Duality Quantum Photonics, EeroQ, eleQtron, Elyah, Entropica Labs, Ephos, Equal1, EvolutionQ, First Quantum Inc., Fujitsu, Good Chemistry, Google Quantum AI, Groove Quantum, g2-Zero, Haiqu, Hefei Wanzheng Quantum Technology Co. Ltd., High Q Technologies Inc., Horizon Quantum Computing, HQS Quantum Simulations, HRL, Huayi Quantum, IBM, Iceberg Quantum, Icosa Computing, ID Quantique, InfinityQ, Infineon Technologies AG, Infleqtion, Intel, IonQ, IQM Quantum Computers, JiJ, JoS QUANTUM GmbH, KETS Quantum Security, Kipu Quantum, Kiutra GmbH, Kuano Limited, Kvantify, Ligentec, LQUOM, Lux Quanta, Maybell Quantum Industries, Menlo Systems GmbH, Menten AI, Microsoft, Miraex, Molecular Quantum Solutions, Montana Instruments, Multiverse Computing, Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, NEC Corporation, Next Generation Quantum, neQxt GmbH, Nomad Atomics, Nord Quantique, Norma, NTT, Nu Quantum, 1Qbit, ORCA Computing, Orange Quantum Systems, Origin Quantum Computing Technology, Oxford Ionics, Oxford Quantum Circuits (OQC), ParityQC, Pasqal, Peptone, Phasecraft, Photonic Inc., Pixel Photonics, Planqc GmbH, Polaris Quantum Biotech (POLARISqb), Post Quantum, PQShield, ProteinQure, PsiQuantum, Q* Bird, QBoson, Qblox, qBraid, Q-CTRL, QC Design, QC Ware, QC82, QEDMA, Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, Qindom, QMware, QMill, Qnami, QNu Labs, Qolab, QPerfect and more......

 

 

1             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY            19

  • 1.1        First and Second quantum revolutions         19
  • 1.2        Current quantum computing market landscape    21
    • 1.2.1    Technical Progress and Persistent Challenges        22
    • 1.2.2    Key developments      22
  • 1.3        Investment Landscape            24
    • 1.3.1    Quantum Technologies Investments 2024-2025   25
  • 1.4        Global Government Initiatives            31
  • 1.5        Market Landscape     34
  • 1.6        Recent Quantum Computing Industry Developments 2023-2025             38
  • 1.7        End Use Markets and Benefits of Quantum Computing    44
  • 1.8        Business Models         45
  • 1.9        Roadmap         47
  • 1.10     Challenges for Quantum Technologies Adoption   47
  • 1.11     SWOT analysis              50
  • 1.12     Quantum Computing Value Chain  51
  • 1.13     Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence      51
  • 1.14     Global market forecast 2025-2046 52
    • 1.14.1 Revenues          53
    • 1.14.2 Installed Base Forecast          55
      • 1.14.2.1            By system         55
      • 1.14.2.2            By technology                56
    • 1.14.3 Pricing 57
    • 1.14.4 Hardware          58
      • 1.14.4.1            By system         59
      • 1.14.4.2            By technology                59
    • 1.14.5 Quantum Computing in Data centres            61

 

2             INTRODUCTION          62

  • 2.1        What is quantum computing?            63
  • 2.2        Operating principle    64
  • 2.3        Classical vs quantum computing    66
  • 2.4        Quantum computing technology      68
    • 2.4.1    Quantum emulators  70
    • 2.4.2    Quantum inspired computing            71
    • 2.4.3    Quantum annealing computers        71
    • 2.4.4    Quantum simulators 71
    • 2.4.5    Digital quantum computers 71
    • 2.4.6    Continuous variables quantum computers               71
    • 2.4.7    Measurement Based Quantum Computing (MBQC)           72
    • 2.4.8    Topological quantum computing      72
    • 2.4.9    Quantum Accelerator               72
  • 2.5        Competition from other technologies           72
  • 2.6        Market Overview          75
    • 2.6.1    Investment in Quantum Computing               76
    • 2.6.2    Business Models         77
      • 2.6.2.1 Quantum as a Service (QaaS)            77
      • 2.6.2.2 Strategic partnerships             78
      • 2.6.2.3 Vertically integrated and modular    78
      • 2.6.2.4 Mixed quantum stacks            79
    • 2.6.3    Semiconductor Manufacturers         79

 

3             QUANTUM ALGORITHMS       81

  • 3.1        Quantum Software Stack      81
    • 3.1.1    Quantum Machine Learning 82
    • 3.1.2    Quantum Simulation 82
    • 3.1.3    Quantum Optimization           83
    • 3.1.4    Quantum Cryptography          83
      • 3.1.4.1 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)      84
      • 3.1.4.2 Post-Quantum Cryptography             84

 

4             QUANTUM COMPUTING HARDWARE            86

  • 4.1        Qubit Technologies    87
    • 4.1.1    Overview           87
    • 4.1.2    Noise effects  88
    • 4.1.3    Logical qubits                89
    • 4.1.4    Quantum Volume       90
    • 4.1.5    Algorithmic Qubits     90
    • 4.1.6    Superconducting Qubits        91
      • 4.1.6.1 Technology description           91
      • 4.1.6.2 Initialization, Manipulation, and Readout   92
      • 4.1.6.3 Materials           94
      • 4.1.6.4 Market players               96
      • 4.1.6.5 Roadmap         99
      • 4.1.6.6 Swot analysis 99
    • 4.1.7    Trapped Ion Qubits    100
      • 4.1.7.1 Technology description           100
      • 4.1.7.2 Initialization, Manipulation, and Readout   101
      • 4.1.7.3 Hardware          102
      • 4.1.7.4 Materials           103
        • 4.1.7.4.1           Integrating optical components        104
        • 4.1.7.4.2           Incorporating high-quality mirrors and optical cavities      105
        • 4.1.7.4.3           Engineering the vacuum packaging and encapsulation     105
        • 4.1.7.4.4           Removal of waste heat            105
      • 4.1.7.5 Roadmap         106
      • 4.1.7.6 Market players               106
      • 4.1.7.7 Swot analysis 107
    • 4.1.8    Silicon Spin Qubits    108
      • 4.1.8.1 Technology description           108
      • 4.1.8.2 Initialization, Manipulation, and Readout   109
      • 4.1.8.3 Integration with CMOS Electronics  110
      • 4.1.8.4 Quantum dots               111
      • 4.1.8.5 Market players               114
      • 4.1.8.6 SWOT analysis              114
    • 4.1.9    Topological Qubits     115
      • 4.1.9.1 Technology description           115
        • 4.1.9.1.1           Cryogenic cooling       116
      • 4.1.9.2 Initialization, Manipulation, and Readout of Topological Qubits  117
      • 4.1.9.3 Scaling topological qubit arrays        118
      • 4.1.9.4 Roadmap         118
      • 4.1.9.5 Market players               119
      • 4.1.9.6 SWOT analysis              120
    • 4.1.10 Photonic Qubits           120
      • 4.1.10.1            Photonics for Quantum Computing                120
      • 4.1.10.2            Technology description           121
      • 4.1.10.3            Initialization, Manipulation, and Readout   124
      • 4.1.10.4            Hardware Architecture            125
      • 4.1.10.5            Roadmap         125
      • 4.1.10.6            Market players               125
      • 4.1.10.7            Swot analysis 127
    • 4.1.11 Neutral atom (cold atom) qubits       128
      • 4.1.11.1            Technology description           128
      • 4.1.11.2            Market players               130
      • 4.1.11.3            Swot analysis 131
    • 4.1.12 Diamond-defect qubits          132
      • 4.1.12.1            Technology description           132
      • 4.1.12.2            SWOT analysis              135
      • 4.1.12.3            Market players               136
    • 4.1.13 Quantum annealers  137
      • 4.1.13.1            Technology description           137
      • 4.1.13.2            Initialization and Readout of Quantum Annealers 138
      • 4.1.13.3            Solving combinatorial optimization 140
      • 4.1.13.4            Applications   141
      • 4.1.13.5            Roadmap         142
      • 4.1.13.6            SWOT analysis              142
      • 4.1.13.7            Market players               143
  • 4.2        Architectural Approaches     144

 

5             QUANTUM COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE            145

  • 5.1        Infrastructure Requirements               145
  • 5.2        Hardware agnostic platforms             145
  • 5.3        Cryostats          146
  • 5.4        Qubit readout 147

 

6             QUANTUM COMPUTING SOFTWARE             148

  • 6.1        Technology description           148
  • 6.2        Cloud-based services- QCaaS (Quantum Computing as a Service).        148
  • 6.3        Market players               149

 

7             MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS           153

  • 7.1        Pharmaceuticals         154
    • 7.1.1    Market overview           154
      • 7.1.1.1 Drug discovery              154
      • 7.1.1.2 Diagnostics    154
      • 7.1.1.3 Molecular simulations            155
      • 7.1.1.4 Genomics        155
      • 7.1.1.5 Proteins and RNA folding       155
    • 7.1.2    Market players               156
  • 7.2        Chemicals       157
    • 7.2.1 Market overview           157
    • 7.2.2    Market players               157
  • 7.3        Transportation              158
    • 7.3.1    Market overview           158
    • 7.3.2    Market players               160
  • 7.4        Financial services       161
    • 7.4.1    Market overview           161
    • 7.4.2    Market players               162
  • 7.5        Automotive      163
    • 7.5.1    Market overview           163
    • 7.5.2    Market players               164

 

8             OTHER CROSSOVER TECHNOLOGIES         166

  • 8.1        Quantum chemistry and AI   166
    • 8.1.1    Technology description           166
    • 8.1.2    Applications   166
    • 8.1.3    Market players               167
  • 8.2        Quantum Communications 167
    • 8.2.1    Technology description           167
    • 8.2.2    Types   168
    • 8.2.3    Applications   168
    • 8.2.4    Market players               169
  • 8.3        Quantum Sensors      171
    • 8.3.1    Technology description           171
    • 8.3.2    Applications   173
    • 8.3.3    Companies     173

 

9             QUANTUM COMPUTING AND AI       178

  • 9.1        Introduction    178
  • 9.2        Applications   178
  • 9.3        AI Interfacing with Quantum Computing     179
  • 9.4        AI in Classical Computing     180
  • 9.5        Market Players and Strategies             181
  • 9.6        Relationship between quantum computing and artificial intelligence     182

 

10          MATERIALS FOR QUANTUM COMPUTING  183

  • 10.1     Superconductors        183
    • 10.1.1 Overview           183
    • 10.1.2 Types and Properties 184
    • 10.1.3 Temperature (Tc) of superconducting materials     185
    • 10.1.4 Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPD)    185
    • 10.1.5 Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs)              186
    • 10.1.6 Transition Edge Sensors (TES)            187
    • 10.1.7 Opportunities 188
  • 10.2     Photonics, Silicon Photonics and Optical Components   188
    • 10.2.1 Overview           188
    • 10.2.2 Types and Properties 189
    • 10.2.3 Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) 189
    • 10.2.4 Alkali azides   190
    • 10.2.5 Optical Fiber and Quantum Interconnects 190
    • 10.2.6 Semiconductor Single Photon Detectors    190
    • 10.2.7 Opportunities 191
  • 10.3     Nanomaterials              192
    • 10.3.1 Overview           192
    • 10.3.2 Types and Properties 192
      • 10.3.2.1            2D Materials   193
      • 10.3.2.2            Transition metal dichalcogenide quantum dots     193
      • 10.3.2.3            Graphene Membranes             193
      • 10.3.2.4            2.5D materials              194
      • 10.3.2.5            Carbon nanotubes     194
        • 10.3.2.5.1        Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes    194
        • 10.3.2.5.2        Boron Nitride Nanotubes       194
      • 10.3.2.6            Diamond          195
      • 10.3.2.7            Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) 196
    • 10.3.3 Opportunities 196

 

11          MARKET ANALYSIS      198

  • 11.1     Key industry players   198
    • 11.1.1 Start-ups           198
    • 11.1.2 Tech Giants     199
    • 11.1.3 National Initiatives     199
  • 11.2     Investment funding    199
    • 11.2.1 Venture Capital            201
    • 11.2.2 M&A     202
    • 11.2.3 Corporate Investment              202
    • 11.2.4 Government Funding                202

 

12          COMPANY PROFILES                205 (217 company profiles)

 

13          RESEARCH METHODOLOGY              345

 

14          TERMS AND DEFINITIONS     346

 

15          REFERENCES 349

 

List of Tables

  • Table 1. First and second quantum revolutions.     19
  • Table 2. Applications for Quantum Computing.     20
  • Table 3. Quantum Computing Business Models.   21
  • Table 4. Quantum Computing Investments 2024-2025.   25
  • Table 5. Global government initiatives in quantum technologies.               32
  • Table 6. Quantum computing industry developments 2023-2025.            38
  • Table 7. End Use Markets and Benefits of Quantum Computing 44
  • Table 8. Business Models in Quantum Computing.             46
  • Table 9. Market challenges in quantum computing.            48
  • Table 10. Quantum computing value chain.             51
  • Table 11. Global market for quantum computing-by category, 2023-2046 (billions USD).         53
  • Table 12. Global Revenue from Quantum Computing Hardware (Billions USD).               54
  • Table 13. Quantum Computer Installed Base Forecast (2025-2046)-Units.        55
  • Table 14. Forecast for Installed Base of Quantum Computers by Technology, 2025-2046-Units.         56
  • Table 15. Quantum Computer Pricing Forecast (Millions USD) by system type. 58
  • Table 16. Forecast for Quantum Computer Pricing 2026-2046 by system category.       58
  • Table 17. Forecast for Annual Revenue from Quantum Computer Hardware Sales, 2025-2046 (billions USD).  59
  • Table 18. Forecast for Annual Revenue from Quantum Computing Hardware Sales (by Technology), 2025-2046.     60
  • Table 19. Install Base of Quantum Computers vs Global Number of Data Centres to 2046.    61
  • Table 20. Forecast for Volume of Quantum Computers Deployed in Data Centres, 2025-2046             61
  • Table 21. Quantum Computing Approaches.           63
  • Table 22. Quantum Computer Architectures.           64
  • Table 23.  Applications for quantum computing     65
  • Table 24. Comparison of classical versus quantum computing. 67
  • Table 25. Key quantum mechanical phenomena utilized in quantum computing.          67
  • Table 26. Types of quantum computers.      68
  • Table 27.Comparison of Quantum Computer Technologies.         69
  • Table 28. Comparative analysis of quantum computing with classical computing, quantum-inspired computing, and neuromorphic computing.              73
  • Table 29. Different computing paradigms beyond conventional CMOS. 74
  • Table 30. Applications of quantum algorithms.      81
  • Table 31. QML approaches. 82
  • Table 32. Commercial Readiness Level by Technology.     87
  • Table 33. Qubit Performance Benchmarking.          88
  • Table 34. Coherence times for different qubit implementations. 88
  • Table 35. Quantum Computer Benchmarking Metrics.      89
  • Table 36. Logical Qubit Progress.     89
  • Table 37. Superconducting Materials Properties.  94
  • Table 38. Superconducting qubit market players.  98
  • Table 39. Initialization, manipulation and readout for trapped ion quantum computers.            102
  • Table 40. Ion trap market players.     107
  • Table 41.  Initialization, manipulation, and readout methods for silicon-spin qubits.   112
  • Table 42. Silicon spin qubits market players.            114
  • Table 43. Initialization, manipulation and readout of topological qubits.              116
  • Table 44. Topological qubits market players.            119
  • Table 45. Pros and cons of photon qubits. 122
  • Table 46. Comparison of photon polarization and squeezed states.         122
  • Table 47. Initialization, manipulation and readout of photonic platform quantum computers.               123
  • Table 48. Photonic qubit market players.     126
  • Table 49. Initialization, manipulation and readout for neutral-atom quantum computers.        129
  • Table 50. Pros and cons of cold atoms quantum computers and simulators      130
  • Table 51. Neural atom qubit market players.             131
  • Table 52. Initialization, manipulation and readout of Diamond-Defect Spin-Based Computing.           133
  • Table 53.  Key materials for developing diamond-defect spin-based quantum computers.      134
  • Table 54. Diamond-defect qubits market players. 137
  • Table 55. Commercial Applications for Quantum Annealing.        138
  • Table 56. Pros and cons of quantum annealers.    139
  • Table 57. Quantum annealers market players.        143
  • Table 58. Quantum Computing Infrastructure Requirements.      145
  • Table 59. Modular vs. Single Core.   146
  • Table 60. Quantum computing software market players. 149
  • Table 61. Markets and applications for quantum computing.       153
  • Table 62. Total Addressable Market (TAM) for Quantum Computing.        153
  • Table 63. Market players in quantum technologies for pharmaceuticals.             156
  • Table 64. Market players in quantum computing for chemicals.  157
  • Table 65. Automotive applications of quantum computing,           158
  • Table 66. Market players in quantum computing for transportation.         160
  • Table 67. Quantum Computing in Finance.               162
  • Table 68. Market players in quantum computing for financial services   162
  • Table 69. Automotive Applications of Quantum Computing.         163
  • Table 70. Applications in quantum chemistry and artificial intelligence (AI).      166
  • Table 71. Market players in quantum chemistry and AI.    167
  • Table 72. Main types of quantum communications.            168
  • Table 73. Applications in quantum communications.        168
  • Table 74. Market players in quantum communications.   169
  • Table 75.  Comparison between classical and quantum sensors.             172
  • Table 76. Applications in quantum sensors.             173
  • Table 77. Companies developing high-precision quantum time measurement 173
  • Table 78. Materials in Quantum Technology.             183
  • Table 79. Superconductor Value Chain in Quantum Technology.                184
  • Table 80. Superconductors in quantum technology.           184
  • Table 81. SNSPD Players companies.           186
  • Table 82. Single Photon Detector Technology Comparison.           187
  • Table 83. Photonics, silicon photonics and optics in quantum technology.         189
  • Table 84. Materials for Quantum Photonic Applications. 191
  • Table 85. Nanomaterials in quantum technology. 192
  • Table 86. Synthetic Diamond Value Chain for Quantum Technology.       195
  • Table 87. Quantum technologies investment funding.       200
  • Table 88. Top funded quantum technology companies.    201

 

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Quantum computing development timeline.       21
  • Figure 2.  National quantum initiatives and funding 2015-2023. 31
  • Figure 3. Quantum Computing Market Map.             37
  • Figure 4. Roadmap for Quantum Commercial Readiness Level (QCRL) Over Time.       47
  • Figure 5. SWOT analysis for quantum computing. 50
  • Figure 6. Global market for quantum computing-Hardware, Software & Services, 2023-2046 (billions USD).  54
  • Figure 7. Global Revenue from Quantum Computing Hardware (Billions USD).                55
  • Figure 8. Quantum Computer Installed Base Forecast (2025-2046)-Units.         56
  • Figure 9. Forecast for Installed Base of Quantum Computers by Technology, 2025-2046-Units.          57
  • Figure 10. Forecast for Annual Revenue from Quantum Computer Hardware Sales, 2025-2046 (billions USD).  59
  • Figure 11. Forecast for Annual Revenue from Quantum Computing Hardware Sales (by Technology), 2025-2046.     60
  • Figure 12. An early design of an IBM 7-qubit chip based on superconducting technology.         65
  • Figure 13. Various 2D to 3D chips integration techniques into chiplets. 66
  • Figure 14. IBM Q System One quantum computer.               70
  • Figure 15. Unconventional computing approaches.            74
  • Figure 16. 53-qubit Sycamore processor.   83
  • Figure 17. Interior of IBM quantum computing system. The quantum chip is located in the small dark square at center bottom.       86
  • Figure 18. Superconducting quantum computer.  92
  • Figure 19. Superconducting quantum computer schematic.         93
  • Figure 20.  Components and materials used in a superconducting qubit.            94
  • Figure 21. Superconducting Hardware Roadmap. 97
  • Figure 22. Superconducting Quantum Hardware Roadmap.         99
  • Figure 23. SWOT analysis for superconducting quantum computers:.    100
  • Figure 24. Ion-trap quantum computer.       100
  • Figure 25. Various ways to trap ions                101
  • Figure 26. Trapped-Ion Hardware Roadmap.            103
  • Figure 27.  Universal Quantum’s shuttling ion architecture in their Penning traps.          103
  • Figure 28. Trapped-Ion Quantum Computing Hardware Roadmap.          106
  • Figure 29. SWOT analysis for trapped-ion quantum computing. 108
  • Figure 30. CMOS silicon spin qubit.                109
  • Figure 31. Silicon quantum dot qubits.         112
  • Figure 32. Silicon-Spin Hardware Roadmap.            113
  • Figure 33. SWOT analysis for silicon spin quantum computers.  115
  • Figure 34. Topological Quantum Computing Roadmap.   117
  • Figure 35. Topological Quantum Computing Hardware Roadmap.            119
  • Figure 36. SWOT analysis for topological qubits     120
  • Figure 37. Photonic Quantum Hardware Roadmap.            125
  • Figure 38 . SWOT analysis for photonic quantum computers.       127
  • Figure 39. Neutral atoms (green dots) arranged in various configurations.           128
  • Figure 40. Neutral Atom Hardware Roadmap.         130
  • Figure 41. SWOT analysis for neutral-atom quantum computers.              132
  • Figure 42. NV center components.  133
  • Figure 43. Diamond Defect Supply Chain. 135
  • Figure 44. Diamond Defect Hardware Roadmap.  135
  • Figure 45. SWOT analysis for diamond-defect quantum computers.       136
  • Figure 46. D-Wave quantum annealer.          140
  • Figure 47. Roadmap for Quantum Annealing Hardware.   142
  • Figure 48. SWOT analysis for quantum annealers.               143
  • Figure 49. Quantum software development platforms.     148
  • Figure 50. Tech Giants quantum technologies activities. 199
  • Figure 51. Quantum Technology investment by sector, 2023.       200
  • Figure 52.  Quantum computing public and industry funding to mid-2023, millions USD.         203
  • Figure 53. Archer-EPFL spin-resonance circuit.      212
  • Figure 54.  IBM Q System One quantum computer.              240
  • Figure 55. ColdQuanta Quantum Core (left), Physics Station (middle) and the atoms control chip (right).                244
  • Figure 56.  Intel Tunnel Falls 12-qubit chip.                245
  • Figure 57. IonQ's ion trap       246
  • Figure 58. IonQ product portfolio.    247
  • Figure 59. 20-qubit quantum computer.      248
  • Figure 60. Maybell Big Fridge.              255
  • Figure 61. PsiQuantum’s modularized quantum computing system networks. 278
  • Figure 62. Conceptual illustration (left) and physical mockup (right, at OIST) of Qubitcore’s distributed ion-trap quantum computer, visualizing quantum entanglement via optical fiber links between traps.                297
  • Figure 63. SemiQ first chip prototype.           325
  • Figure 64. Toshiba QKD Development Timeline.     335
  • Figure 65. Toshiba Quantum Key Distribution technology.               336

 

 

 

The Global Quantum Computing Market 2026-2046
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