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The Global Humanoid Robots Market 2026-2036

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  • Published: October 2025
  • Pages: 406
  • Tables: 139
  • Figures: 60

 

The humanoid robotics market is experiencing unprecedented momentum in 2025, with activity accelerating far beyond initial projections. Investment, production scaling, and commercial deployments are converging to signal that the industry has moved decisively from research prototypes to commercial reality. China's robotics sector has seen remarkable financing activity, with 610 investment deals totaling 50 billion yuan ($7 billion) in the first nine months of 2025—representing a 250% increase year-over-year. The third quarter alone witnessed 243 deals, up 102% from the prior year. Major transactions include Beijing-based Noetix Robotics completing 300 million yuan ($42 million) in Pre-B financing, while industry leader UBTECH secured a massive $1 billion strategic financing facility encompassing placements, convertible bonds, and cash-draw rights. This capital influx reflects growing investor confidence that commercialization timelines are accelerating faster than anticipated.

Production capacity is expanding dramatically across all major regions. Tesla is targeting 5,000 Optimus units in 2025 with plans to scale to 100,000 by 2026. Chinese manufacturer BYD aims for 1,500 humanoids in 2025, ramping to 20,000 by 2026. Shanghai-based Agibot similarly targets 5,000 units in 2025. Agility Robotics has constructed a dedicated factory capable of producing 10,000 Digit robots annually. These production commitments represent a fundamental shift from pilot-scale manufacturing to industrial-scale operations.

Perhaps most significantly, cost barriers are collapsing faster than projected. Chinese manufacturer Unitree shocked the market in July 2025 by launching its R1 humanoid at just $5,900—a price point previously thought impossible for years. This follows the company's G1 model at $16,000 and H1 at $90,000, demonstrating multiple market tiers. Goldman Sachs reported that manufacturing costs declined 40% year-over-year versus earlier projections of 15-20% annually, with current costs ranging from $30,000-$150,000 depending on configuration.

Pilot programs are transitioning to commercial operations. Figure AI continues testing at BMW's Spartanburg plant for automotive assembly. Agility Robotics' Digit operates in Amazon and GXO logistics facilities. UBTECH has secured partnerships with major automotive manufacturers including BYD, Geely, FAW-Volkswagen, BAIC, and Foxconn. Most notably, two Unitree humanoids were sold to consumers via JD.com, marking the first documented consumer sales in the sector. The convergence of billion-dollar financing, 100,000-unit production targets, sub-$10,000 pricing, and expanding commercial deployments suggests the humanoid robotics market has reached a critical inflection point, with mainstream adoption accelerating toward the 2026-2028 timeframe rather than the 2030s as originally forecast.

The Global Humanoid Robots Market 2026-2036 represents the most comprehensive analysis of the rapidly evolving humanoid robotics industry, delivering strategic insights into a transformative technology sector poised to revolutionize manufacturing, healthcare, logistics, and consumer applications worldwide. This 400+ page market intelligence report provides detailed forecasts, competitive analysis, technology assessments, and regional market dynamics across conservative and optimistic scenarios.

This authoritative market research encompasses critical analysis of bipedal and wheeled humanoid robot technologies, examining deployment across six major end-use markets including healthcare and assistance, education and research, customer service and hospitality, entertainment and leisure, manufacturing and industry, and personal use and domestic applications. The report delivers granular market segmentation by geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of World), comprehensive component cost analysis, technology readiness levels (TRL), and detailed profiles of 60+ leading humanoid robot platforms from established manufacturers and innovative startups driving the industry forward. Investment professionals, technology strategists, manufacturing executives, and R&D leaders will find unparalleled value in the report's dual-scenario forecasting methodology, extensive supply chain analysis, and detailed examination of artificial intelligence integration, sensor technologies, actuator systems, and advanced materials transforming humanoid robot capabilities. The research provides actionable intelligence on commercial viability timelines, ROI analysis, cost evolution projections, regulatory landscapes across major markets (Japan, United States, China), and strategic recommendations for stakeholders seeking to capitalize on the humanoid robotics revolution reshaping global labor markets and industrial automation.

Report contents include:

  • Commercial viability and technology readiness assessment
  • Regional ecosystem dynamics (China, North America, Europe)
  • Current applications and deployment timelines
  • Investment momentum and market forecasts
  • Market drivers and challenges
  • Strategic implications for industry leadership
  • Humanoid robot definitions and characteristics
  • Historical overview and evolution
  • Current state of humanoid robots in 2025
  • Market importance and applications by Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
  • Models and stage of commercial development
  • Investments and funding landscape
  • Comprehensive cost analysis including current pricing, target pricing (2026-2030), cost breakdown by humanoid type, component cost analysis (actuators, structural components, power systems, computing, sensors, end effectors, software/AI, integration), cost evolution projections to 2036, cost per labor hour analysis, ROI timeline analysis, production volume impact on costs, regional cost variations, barriers to cost reduction, and cost competitiveness analysis
  • Market drivers (AI advancements, labor force shortages and substitution, personal assistance needs, hazardous environment exploration)
  • Commercial and technical challenges
  • Global regulations
  • Key market analysis for Japan, United States, and China
  • Technology and Component Analysis
    • Advancements in humanoid robot design
    • Critical components overview
    • Intelligent control systems and optimization
    • Advanced robotics and automation
    • Manufacturing processes (design, prototyping, component manufacturing, assembly, software integration, quality assurance, challenges in actuators, reducers, thermal management, batteries, cooling, sensors)
    • Brain computer interfaces
    • Robotics and intelligent health applications
    • Micro-nano robots
    • Medical and rehabilitation robots
    • Mechatronics and robotics
    • Image processing, robotics and intelligent vision
    • Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI hardware/software, functions, simulation, motion planning, foundation models, synthetic data generation, multi-contact planning, end-to-end AI, multi-modal algorithms)
    • Sensors and perception technologies (vision systems, hybrid LiDAR-camera approaches, cameras and LiDAR variants, tactile and force sensors, auditory sensors, IMUs, proximity and range sensors, environmental sensors, GPS and localization)
    • Actuators and drive systems (electric motors, hydraulic systems, pneumatic systems, hybrid systems, quasi-direct drive systems, series elastic actuators)
    • Power and energy systems (battery technologies, battery management, charging infrastructure, energy harvesting, thermal management)
    • Computing and control platforms
    • Materials and manufacturing (metals, composites, polymers, elastomers, smart materials, textiles, ceramics, biomaterials, nanomaterials, coatings)
  • Market Applications by End-Use Sector
    • Healthcare and assistance (market drivers, applications, TRL assessment)
    • Education and research (market drivers, applications, TRL assessment)
    • Customer service and hospitality (market drivers, applications, TRL assessment)
    • Entertainment and leisure (market drivers, applications, TRL assessment)
    • Manufacturing and industry (market drivers, applications, automotive sector analysis, logistics and warehousing applications, implementation timelines)
    • Military and defense (market drivers, applications, TRL assessment)
    • Personal use and domestic settings (market drivers, applications, TRL assessment)
  • Market Forecasts (2024-2036)
    • Global humanoid robot shipments in units (conservative and optimistic estimates)
    • Shipments by robot type: bipedal vs. wheeled (conservative and optimistic estimates)
    • Shipments by region: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Rest of World (conservative and optimistic estimates)
    • Global revenues in USD (conservative and optimistic estimates)
    • Revenues by end-use market (healthcare, education, customer service, entertainment, manufacturing, personal use)
    • Automotive industry revenues and forecasts with deployment distribution
    • Logistics and warehousing market forecasts
    • Battery capacity forecasts for humanoid robots by industry segment
    • Humanoid robot hardware component volume and market size forecasts
    • Component market share and average costs per robot
  • Company Profiles: Detailed profiles of leading humanoid robot manufacturers and technology developers, including product specifications, development status, target applications, funding information, partnerships, and market strategies. Companies Profiled include:  1X Technologies, AeiRobot, Aeolus Robotics, Agibot, Agility Robotics, AmbiRobotics, Andromeda, Apptronik, Axibo, Baidu, Beyond Imagination, Boardwalk Robotics, Booster Robotics, Boston Dynamics, BridgeDP Robotics, BXI Robotics, Clone Robotics, Dataa Robotics, Deep Robotics, Devanthro, Diligent Robotics, Dreame Technology, Electron Robots, Elephant Robotics, Embodied Inc., Enchanted Tools, Engineered Arts, EX Robots, FDROBOT, Figure AI, Foundation, Fourier Intelligence, Furhat Robotics, Galbot, Generation Robots, Hanson Robotics, Holiday Robotics, Honda, Humanoid, Kawada Robotics, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Keenon Robotics, Kepler, K-Scale Labs, Leju Robotics, LimX Dynamics, Macco Robotics, MagicLab, Mentee Robotics, Mimic, Neura Robotics GmbH, Noetix, NVIDIA, Oversonic, PAL Robotics, PaXini Technology, Perceptyne, Persona AI, Proception, Pudu Robotics, Rainbow Robotics and more.....

 

Purchasers will receive the following:

  • PDF report download/by email. 
  • Comprehensive Excel spreadsheet of all data.
  • Mid-year Update

 

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1             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY            

  • 1.1        Commercial Viability 18
  • 1.2        Regional Ecosystem Dynamics         19
    • 1.2.1    China: Speed, Scale, and State Direction   19
    • 1.2.2    North America: Vertical Integration and Proprietary Stacks            19
    • 1.2.3    Europe: The Trusted Humanoid Corridor     19
  • 1.3        Current Applications and Deployment Timeline     20
  • 1.4        Investment Momentum and Market Forecats           21
  • 1.5        Market Drivers and Challenges          21
  • 1.6        Strategic Implications for Leadership            22
  • 1.7        Technology Readiness and Future Outlook               23

 

2             INTRODUCTION         

  • 2.1        Humanoid Robots: Definition and Characteristics               23
  • 2.2        Historical Overview and Evolution   26
  • 2.3        Current State of Humanoid Robots in 2025              27
  • 2.4        The Importance of Humanoid Robots           28
  • 2.5        Markets and Applications (TRL)         28
  • 2.6        Models and Stage of Commercial Development    30
  • 2.7        Investments and Funding      32
  • 2.8        Costs  35
    • 2.8.1    Current market pricing (2025)            36
    • 2.8.2    Target pricing (2026-2030)    37
    • 2.8.3    Cost breakdown by Humanoid Type (Updated 2025)          37
    • 2.8.4    Component cost analysis     38
      • 2.8.4.1 Actuators and Motors              38
      • 2.8.4.2 Structural Components          39
      • 2.8.4.3 Power Systems             40
      • 2.8.4.4 Computing and Control Systems     41
      • 2.8.4.5 Sensors and Perception          41
      • 2.8.4.6 End Effectors/Hands 42
      • 2.8.4.7 Software and AI            43
      • 2.8.4.8 Integration and Assembly      44
    • 2.8.5    Cost evolution projections to 2036 45
    • 2.8.6    Cost per labour hour analysis            46
    • 2.8.7    ROI Timeline Analysis              47
    • 2.8.8    Production volume impact on costs (2025-2036) 48
      • 2.8.8.1 Regional cost variations (2025-2036)            49
    • 2.8.9    Barriers to cost reduction      50
    • 2.8.10 Cost competitiveness analysis (2025-2036)            51
  • 2.9        Market Drivers               53
    • 2.9.1    Advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) 53
    • 2.9.2    Labour force shortages           54
    • 2.9.3    Labour force substitution      54
    • 2.9.4    Need for Personal Assistance and Companionship            55
    • 2.9.5    Exploration of Hazardous and Extreme Environments       55
  • 2.10     Challenges      56
    • 2.10.1 Commercial Challenges        56
    • 2.10.2 Technical Challenges               58
  • 2.11     Global regulations      60
  • 2.12     Market in Japan            61
  • 2.13     Market in United States           62
  • 2.14     Market in China            63

 

3             TECHNOLOGY AND COMPONENT ANALYSIS           

  • 3.1        Advancements in Humanoid Robot Design               65
  • 3.2        Critical Components 68
  • 3.3        Intelligent Control Systems and Optimization         70
  • 3.4        Advanced Robotics and Automation              71
  • 3.5        Manufacturing              71
    • 3.5.1    Design and Prototyping           71
    • 3.5.2    Component Manufacturing 72
    • 3.5.3    Assembly and Integration      72
    • 3.5.4    Software Integration and Testing       73
    • 3.5.5    Quality Assurance and Performance Validation     73
    • 3.5.6    Challenges      74
      • 3.5.6.1 Actuators          74
      • 3.5.6.2 Reducers          74
      • 3.5.6.3 Thermal management             75
      • 3.5.6.4 Batteries            76
      • 3.5.6.5 Cooling              77
      • 3.5.6.6 Sensors             78
  • 3.6        Brain Computer Interfaces    78
  • 3.7        Robotics and Intelligent Health         79
    • 3.7.1    Robotic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Procedures            80
    • 3.7.2    Rehabilitation and Assistive Robotics           80
    • 3.7.3    Caregiving and Assistive Robots       80
    • 3.7.4    Intelligent Health Monitoring and Diagnostics        80
    • 3.7.5    Telemedicine and Remote Health Management    81
    • 3.7.6    Robotics in Mental Health     81
  • 3.8        Micro-nano Robots    81
  • 3.9        Medical and Rehabilitation Robots 83
  • 3.10     Mechatronics and Robotics 84
  • 3.11     Image Processing, Robotics and Intelligent Vision               86
    • 3.11.1 Neural Processing Revolution             86
    • 3.11.2 Spatial Understanding and Navigation          87
    • 3.11.3 Human-Centered Vision Systems    87
    • 3.11.4 Learning and Adaptation        87
  • 3.12     Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning             88
    • 3.12.1 Overview           88
    • 3.12.2 AI Hardware and Software     89
      • 3.12.2.1            Functions         89
      • 3.12.2.2            Simulation       91
      • 3.12.2.3            Motion Planning and Control               91
      • 3.12.2.4            Foundation Models    92
      • 3.12.2.5            Synthetic Data Generation    92
      • 3.12.2.6            Multi-contact planning and control 94
    • 3.12.3 End-to-end AI 95
    • 3.12.4 Multi-modal AI algorithms    95
  • 3.13     Sensors and Perception Technologies          96
    • 3.13.1 Vision Systems             96
      • 3.13.1.1            Commerical examples            97
    • 3.13.2 Hybrid LiDAR-camera approaches  98
    • 3.13.3 Cameras and LiDAR  100
      • 3.13.3.1            Cameras (RGB, depth, thermal, event-based)         103
      • 3.13.3.2            Stereo vision and 3D perception       105
      • 3.13.3.3            Optical character recognition (OCR)             106
      • 3.13.3.4            Facial recognition and tracking          106
      • 3.13.3.5            Gesture recognition   107
      • 3.13.3.6            mmWave Radar           108
    • 3.13.4 Tactile and Force Sensors     109
      • 3.13.4.1            Value proposition of advanced tactile systems      110
      • 3.13.4.2            Commercial examples            112
      • 3.13.4.3            Flexible tactile sensors           114
      • 3.13.4.4            Tactile sensing for humanoid extremities    114
      • 3.13.4.5            Tactile sensors (piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric) 114
      • 3.13.4.6            Force/torque sensors (strain gauges, load cells)    115
      • 3.13.4.7            Haptic feedback sensors       116
      • 3.13.4.8            Skin-like sensor arrays             117
    • 3.13.5 Auditory Sensors         120
      • 3.13.5.1            Microphones (array, directional, binaural) 121
      • 3.13.5.2            Sound Localization and Source Separation               122
      • 3.13.5.3            Speech Recognition and Synthesis 124
      • 3.13.5.4            Acoustic Event Detection       125
    • 3.13.6 Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) 128
      • 3.13.6.1            Accelerometers            128
      • 3.13.6.2            Gyroscopes     129
      • 3.13.6.3            Magnetometers            131
      • 3.13.6.4            Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRS) 132
    • 3.13.7 Proximity and Range Sensors              134
      • 3.13.7.1            Ultrasonic sensors     135
      • 3.13.7.2            Laser range finders (LiDAR)  135
      • 3.13.7.3            Radar sensors               136
      • 3.13.7.4            Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors 136
    • 3.13.8 Environmental Sensors           137
      • 3.13.8.1            Temperature sensors                137
      • 3.13.8.2            Humidity sensors        138
      • 3.13.8.3            Gas and chemical sensors   139
      • 3.13.8.4            Pressure sensors         140
    • 3.13.9 Biometric Sensors      141
      • 3.13.9.1            Heart rate sensors      141
      • 3.13.9.2            Respiration sensors  142
      • 3.13.9.3            Electromyography (EMG) sensors    143
      • 3.13.9.4            Electroencephalography (EEG) sensors       144
    • 3.13.10              Sensor Fusion               145
      • 3.13.10.1         Kalman Filters               145
      • 3.13.10.2         Particle Filters               146
      • 3.13.10.3         Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)   146
      • 3.13.10.4         Object Detection and Recognition  147
      • 3.13.10.5         Semantic Segmentation         147
      • 3.13.10.6         Scene Understanding              148
  • 3.14     Power and Energy Management        149
    • 3.14.1 Battery Technologies 153
    • 3.14.2 Challenges      157
    • 3.14.3 Energy Harvesting and Regenerative Systems         160
      • 3.14.3.1            Energy Harvesting Techniques            161
      • 3.14.3.2            Regenerative Braking Systems           161
      • 3.14.3.3            Hybrid Power Systems             162
    • 3.14.4 Power Distribution and Transmission           162
      • 3.14.4.1            Efficient Power Distribution Architectures  162
      • 3.14.4.2            Advanced Power Electronics and Motor Drive Systems     163
      • 3.14.4.3            Distributed Power Systems and Intelligent Load Management    163
    • 3.14.5 Thermal Management             164
      • 3.14.5.1            Cooling Systems          165
      • 3.14.5.2            Thermal Modeling and Simulation Techniques        165
      • 3.14.5.3            Advanced Materials and Coatings   165
    • 3.14.6 Energy-Efficient Computing and Communication 167
      • 3.14.6.1            Low-Power Computing Architectures            167
      • 3.14.6.2            Energy-Efficient Communication Protocols and Wireless Technologies 168
      • 3.14.6.3            Intelligent Power Management Strategies   168
    • 3.14.7 Wireless Power Transfer and Charging          170
    • 3.14.8 Energy Optimization and Machine Learning              171
  • 3.15     Actuators          172
    • 3.15.1 Humanoid robot actuation systems               174
    • 3.15.2 Actuators in humanoid joint systems            177
    • 3.15.3 Energy transduction mechanism     180
  • 3.16     Motors                186
    • 3.16.1 Overview           186
    • 3.16.2 Frameless motors      188
    • 3.16.3 Brushed/Brushless Motors   189
    • 3.16.4 Coreless motors          190
  • 3.17     Reducers          192
    • 3.17.1 Harmonic reducers    194
    • 3.17.2 RV (Rotary Vector) reducers 195
    • 3.17.3 Planetary gear systems           196
  • 3.18     Screws                198
    • 3.18.1 Screw-based transmission systems              198
    • 3.18.2 Ball screw assemblies             198
    • 3.18.3 Planetary Roller Screws          199
  • 3.19     Bearings            204
    • 3.19.1 Overview           204
  • 3.20     Arm Effectors 205
    • 3.20.1 Overview           205
    • 3.20.2 Hot-swappable end effector systems           210
    • 3.20.3 Challenges      210
  • 3.21     SoCs for Humanoid Robotics             213
  • 3.22     Cloud Robotics and Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT)         214
  • 3.23     Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) and Social Robotics          215
  • 3.24     Biomimetic and Bioinspired Design                216
  • 3.25     Materials for Humanoid Robots        217
    • 3.25.1 New materials development                217
    • 3.25.2 Metals 218
      • 3.25.2.1            Magnesium Alloy         219
    • 3.25.3 Shape Memory Alloys               220
    • 3.25.4 Plastics and Polymers              221
    • 3.25.5 Composites    224
    • 3.25.6 Elastomers      225
    • 3.25.7 Smart Materials            226
    • 3.25.8 Textiles               228
    • 3.25.9 Ceramics          230
    • 3.25.10              Biomaterials   231
    • 3.25.11              Nanomaterials              233
    • 3.25.12              Coatings            235
      • 3.25.12.1         Self-healing coatings                238
      • 3.25.12.2         Conductive coatings 238
  • 3.26     Binding Skin Tissue    239

 

4             END USE MARKETS    

  • 4.1        Market supply chain  240
  • 4.2        Level of commercialization  241
  • 4.3        Healthcare and Assistance  243
  • 4.4        Education and Research        246
  • 4.5        Customer Service and Hospitality   251
  • 4.6        Entertainment and Leisure   254
  • 4.7        Manufacturing and Industry 257
    • 4.7.1    Overview           258
      • 4.7.1.1 Assembly and Production     258
      • 4.7.1.2 Quality Inspection      259
      • 4.7.1.3 Warehouse Assistance           259
    • 4.7.2    Automotive      262
      • 4.7.2.1 Commercial examples            263
    • 4.7.3    Logistics           269
      • 4.7.3.1 Warehouse environments     271
      • 4.7.3.2 Commercial examples            272
  • 4.8        Military and Defense 276
  • 4.9        Personal Use and Domestic Settings             280

 

5             GLOBAL MARKET SIZE (UNITS AND REVENUES) 2024-2036          285

  • 5.1        Global shipments in units (Total)      285
  • 5.2        By type of robot in units          288
  • 5.3        By region in units         291
  • 5.4        Revenues (Total)          294
  • 5.5        Revenues (By end use market)           297
  • 5.6        Automotive      300
    • 5.6.1    Revenues          300
    • 5.6.2    Units    301
    • 5.6.3    Deployment    301
  • 5.7        Logistics and warehousing   302
    • 5.7.1    Revenues          302
    • 5.7.2    Units    303
    • 5.7.3    Deployment    304
  • 5.8        Battery Capacity (GWh) Forecast     305
  • 5.9        Hardware Components          308

 

6             COMPANY PROFILES                312 (84 company profiles)

 

7             HUMANOID ROBOTS DEVELOPED BY ACADEMIA 399

 

8             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY              402

 

9             REFERENCES 403

 

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Core Components of Humanoid Robots. 24
  • Table 2. Classification of Humanoid Robots.           25
  • Table 3. Historical Overview and Evolution of Humanoid Robots.              26
  • Table 4. Importance of humanoid robots by end use.         28
  • Table 5. Markets and applications for humanoid robots and TRL.              29
  • Table 6. Humanoid Robots under commercial development.       30
  • Table 7. Comparison of major humanoid robot prototypes.           31
  • Table 8. Humanoid Robot investments 2023-2025.             32
  • Table 9. Overall Sector Funding.       35
  • Table 10. Cost Breakdown by Humanoid Type.        37
  • Table 11. Average Unit Cost by Robot Type (2025-2036). 45
  • Table 12. Year-over-Year Cost Reduction Rates (2025-2036).       45
  • Table 13. Component Cost Evolution (% of Total Cost, 2025-2036).        46
  • Table 14. Component Cost Evolution in Absolute Terms (Premium Industrial Humanoid).       46
  • Table 15. Human Worker Comparison (2025-2036).           47
  • Table 16. Comparative Labor Cost Analysis (Per Equivalent Full-Time Worker). 48
  • Table 17. Current and Projected Production Scales.           48
  • Table 18. Impact of Volume on Unit Costs. 48
  • Table 19. Regional Production Capacity Projections (2036).         49
  • Table 20.Technical Barriers (Current Status and 2036 Outlook). 50
  • Table 21. Break-Even Analysis Evolution.    52
  • Table 22. Market drivers for humanoid robots.        53
  • Table 23. Market challenges for humanoid robots.               57
  • Table 24. Technical challenges for humanoid robots.         59
  • Table 25. Global regulatory landscape for humanoid robots.        61
  • Table 26. Performance Parameters of Humanoid Robots.               67
  • Table 27. Common Actuators in Humanoid Robotics.       85
  • Table 28. Advanced Vision Technology Performance Comparison.           86
  • Table 29. Neural Architecture Performance Metrics.           87
  • Table 30. Sensor Fusion Technologies.         88
  • Table 31. Software and Functions in Humanoid Robots.  89
  • Table 32. Sensors and Perception Technologies for humanoid robotics.               96
  • Table 33. Comparison of LiDAR, Cameras, and 1D/3D Ultrasonic Sensors.        98
  • Table 34. Categorization of LiDAR in Humanoids   100
  • Table 35. LiDAR Costs.            101
  • Table 36. LiDAR Costs in Humanoid Robots.            102
  • Table 37. Tactile and force sensors for humanoid robots, 109
  • Table 38. Benchmarking Tactile Sensors by Technology    110
  • Table 39. Challenges of Tactile Sensors and Electronic Skins       119
  • Table 40. Auditory sensors for humanoid robots.  120
  • Table 41. Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) for humanoid robots.          128
  • Table 42. Key characteristics of proximity and range sensors commonly used in humanoid robots.  134
  • Table 43.  Environmental Sensors for humanoid robots.  137
  • Table 44. Biometric sensors commonly used in humanoid robots:           141
  • Table 45. Power and Energy Management in Humanoid Robotics.- Integrated Systems Overview.      149
  • Table 46. Energy Management Strategies for Humanoid Robots. 150
  • Table 47. Advanced Power Management Technologies.    152
  • Table 48. Battery technologies for humanoid robotics.     153
  • Table 49. Battery Capacity per Humanoid Robot for Industrial Applications.     154
  • Table 50. Humanoid Batteries - Parameters Comparison.              155
  • Table 51. Challenges of Batteries in Humanoid Robots.   158
  • Table 52. Energy Harvesting and Regenerative Systems in Humanoid Robots.  160
  • Table 53.Power Distribution and Transmission Techniques in Humanoid Robots            163
  • Table 54. Thermal Management Techniques for Humanoid Robots           166
  • Table 55. Energy-Efficient Computing and Communication Techniques for Humanoid Robots             169
  • Table 56. Wireless Power Transfer and Charging for Humanoid Robots. 171
  • Table 57. Actuator Components.      173
  • Table 58. Actuator Types.       175
  • Table 59. Pros and Cons Comparison.         176
  • Table 60. Joint Application Matrix.    178
  • Table 61. Comparison of Electric, Hydraulic, and Pneumatic Actuators.               180
  • Table 62. Actuator challenges.           182
  • Table 63. Direct Drive vs. Geared Comparison        185
  • Table 64. Motors for Commercial Humanoid Robots.         186
  • Table 65. Benefits and Drawbacks of Coreless Motors.     190
  • Table 66. Benchmarking of Reducers.           193
  • Table 67. Bearings for Humanoids. 204
  • Table 68. Actuation Methods of Humanoid's Hands.          206
  • Table 69. Technical barriers of humanoid's hands 210
  • Table 70. Key aspects of Cloud Robotics and Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) for humanoid robotics.                215
  • Table 71. Examples of Biomimetic Design for Humanoid Robots.              217
  • Table 72. Examples of Bioinspired Design for Humanoid Robots.              217
  • Table 73. Types of metals commonly used in humanoid robots. 218
  • Table 74. Types of plastics and polymers commonly used in humanoid robots.              221
  • Table 75. PEEK - Costs and Technical Properties.  222
  • Table 76. Types of composites commonly used in humanoid.     224
  • Table 77. Types of elastomers commonly used in humanoid robots.       226
  • Table 78. Types of smart materials in humanoid robotics.               227
  • Table 79. Types of textiles commonly used in humanoid robots. 229
  • Table 80. Types of ceramics commonly used in humanoid robots.            230
  • Table 81. Biomaterials commonly used in humanoid robotics.    232
  • Table 82. Types of nanomaterials used in humanoid robotics.     234
  • Table 83. Types of coatings used in humanoid robotics.   236
  • Table 84. Industry Segment Adoption Timeline.      240
  • Table 85. Level of commercialization of humanoid robots by application             241
  • Table 86. Market Drivers in healthcare and assistance.    243
  • Table 87. Applications of humanoid robots in healthcare and assistance.          244
  • Table 88. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Table; humanoid robots in healthcare and assistance. 244
  • Table 89. Market Drivers in education and research.           247
  • Table 90. Applications of humanoid robots in education and research. 248
  • Table 91. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for humanoid robots in education and research.                248
  • Table 92. Market Drivers in Customer Service and Hospitality.     251
  • Table 93. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for humanoid robots in Customer Service and Hospitality.                252
  • Table 94. Market Drivers in Entertainment and Leisure.     254
  • Table 95. Applications of humanoid robots in Entertainment and Leisure.           255
  • Table 96. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for humanoid robots in Entertainment and Leisure.         255
  • Table 97. Market Drivers manufacturing and industry.       257
  • Table 98. Applications for humanoid robots in manufacturing and industry.      258
  • Table 99. Humanoid Robots in the Automotive Sector.      263
  • Table 100.  Implementation of humanoids in automotive manufacturing.           266
  • Table 101. Humanoid robots in the logistics industry.        270
  • Table 102. Timeline of Tasks Handled by Humanoid Robots in Logistics.              274
  • Table 103. Market Drivers in Military and Defense.               277
  • Table 104. Applications for humanoid robots in Military and Defense.    277
  • Table 105. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for humanoid robots in Military and Defense.    278
  • Table 106. Market Drivers in Personal Use and Domestic Settings.            280
  • Table 107. Applications in humanoid robots in Personal Use and Domestic Settings.  281
  • Table 108. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) humanoid robots in Personal Use and Domestic Settings.                281
  • Table 109. Global humanoid robot shipments (1,000 units) 2024-2036, conservative estimate.           285
  • Table 110. Global humanoid robot shipments (Millions units) 2024-2036, optimistic estimate.            287
  • Table 111. Global humanoid robot shipments by type (Million units) 2024-2036, conservative estimate.                288
  • Table 112. Global humanoid robot shipments by type (Million units) 2024-2036, optimistic estimate.                290
  • Table 113. Global humanoid robot shipments by region (Million units) 2024-2036, conservative estimate.          291
  • Table 114. Global humanoid robot shipments by region (Million units) 2024-2036, optimistic estimate.                293
  • Table 115. Global humanoid robot shipments (Millions USD) 2024-2036, conservative estimate.       294
  • Table 116. Global humanoid robot shipments (Millions USD) 2024-2036, optimistic estimate.             296
  • Table 117. Global humanoid robot shipments by end use market (Millions USD) 2024-2036, conservative estimate.            297
  • Table 118. Global humanoid robot shipments by end use market (Millions USD) 2024-2036, optimistic estimate.          299
  • Table 119. Global Market Revenues for Humanoid Robots in the Automotive Industry: 2025-2036.   300
  • Table 120. Global market forecast of humanoid robots in the Automotive  industry: 2025-2036           301
  • Table 121.Deployment Distribution by 2035 (Conservative Estimate).    301
  • Table 122. Deployment Distribution by 2035 (Optimistic Estimate).         302
  • Table 123. Market Size Forecast of Humanoid Robots in the Logistics and Warehousing Industry: 2025-2036, Conservative Estimate              302
  • Table 124. Market Size Forecast of Humanoid Robots in the Logistics and Warehousing Industry: 2025-2036, Optimistic Estimate.   303
  • Table 125. Global Volume Forecast of Humanoid Robots in the Logistics and Warehousing Industry: 2025-2036, Conservative Estimate.               303
  • Table 126. Global Volume Forecast of Humanoid Robots in the Logistics and Warehousing Industry: 2025-2036, Conservative Estimate, Optimistic Estimate.                304
  • Table 127. Market Value Distribution by Application Area (2036, Conservative).              304
  • Table 128. Market Value Distribution by Application Area (2036, Optimistic).    305
  • Table 129. Battery Capacity (GWh) Forecast for Humanoid Robots Used for Industries 2025-2036.. 305
  • Table 130. Battery Capacity by Industry Segment (GWh, 2036)   306
  • Table 131. Average Battery Capacity per Humanoid Robot (kWh)               306
  • Table 132. Average Battery Capacity per Humanoid Robot by Application (2036).         307
  • Table 133. Humanoid Robot Hardware Component Volume Forecast, 2025-2036        308
  • Table 134. Humanoid Robot Hardware Component Market Size Forecast: 2025-2036, Conservative Estimate (Millions USD)          308
  • Table 135. Humanoid Robot Hardware Component Market Size Forecast: 2025-2036, Optimistic Estimate (Millions USD).        309
  • Table 136. Component Market Share (Conservative Estimate).   310
  • Table 137. Component Market Share (Optimistic Estimate)           310
  • Table 138. Average Component Cost per Robot (Thousands USD).          310
  • Table 139. Humanoid Robots Developed by Academia.   400

 

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Core components of a humanoid robot. 25
  • Figure 2. Status of humanoid robots.             27
  • Figure 3.  Humanoid robot for railroad maintenance to be implemented by West Japan Railway Co. 55
  • Figure 4. Historical progression of humanoid robots.         66
  • Figure 5. Event-based cameras.        105
  • Figure 6. Humanoid Robots Market Supply Chain.               240
  • Figure 7. Global humanoid robot shipments (1,000 units) 2024-2036, conservative estimate.               286
  • Figure 8. Global humanoid robot shipments (1,000 units) 2024-2036, optimistic estimate.    287
  • Figure 9. Global humanoid robot shipments by type (Million units) 2024-2036, conservative estimate.                289
  • Figure 10. Global humanoid robot shipments by type (Million units) 2024-2036, optimistic estimate.                290
  • Figure 11. Global humanoid robot shipments by region (Million units) 2024-2036, conservative estimate.          292
  • Figure 12. Global humanoid robot shipments by region (Million units) 2024-2036, optimistic estimate.                293
  • Figure 13. Global humanoid robot shipments (Millions USD) 2024-2036, conservative estimate.        295
  • Figure 14. Global humanoid robot shipments (Millions USD) 2024-2036, optimistic estimate.              296
  • Figure 15. Global humanoid robot shipments by end use market (Millions USD) 2024-2036, conservative estimate.            298
  • Figure 16. Global humanoid robot shipments by end use market (Millions USD) 2024-2036, optimistic estimate.          299
  • Figure 17. NEO.             312
  • Figure 18. Alice: A bipedal walking humanoid robot from AeiRobot.         313
  • Figure 19. RAISE-A1.  315
  • Figure 20. Digit humanoid robot.      316
  • Figure 21. Apptronick Apollo.              319
  • Figure 22. Alex.              323
  • Figure 23. BR002.       324
  • Figure 24. Atlas.           326
  • Figure 25. XR-4.            330
  • Figure 26. Deep Robotics all weather robot.             332
  • Figure 27. Dreame Technology's second-generation bionic robot dog and general-purpose humanoid robot.  335
  • Figure 28. Mercury X1.             337
  • Figure 29. Mirokaï robots.      338
  • Figure 30. Ameca.       340
  • Figure 31. Prototype Ex-Robots humanoid robots.               342
  • Figure 32. Figure.ai humanoid robot.             344
  • Figure 33. Figure 02 humanoid robot.            344
  • Figure 34. GR-1.            346
  • Figure 35. Sophia.       349
  • Figure 36. Honda ASIMO.       351
  • Figure 37. HMND 01 Alpha.  352
  • Figure 38. Kaleido.      354
  • Figure 39. Forerunner.              356
  • Figure 40. Kuafu.         358
  • Figure 41. CL-1.            359
  • Figure 42. MagicHand S01    361
  • Figure 43. Bumi robot.             364
  • Figure 44. EVE/NEO.  366
  • Figure 45.  Tora-One. 369
  • Figure 46. PUDU D9. 373
  • Figure 47. HUBO2.     375
  • Figure 48. XBot-L.        380
  • Figure 49. Sanctuary AI Phoenix.      382
  • Figure 50. Pepper Humanoid Robot.              383
  • Figure 51. Astribot S1.              385
  • Figure 52. Tesla Optimus Gen 2.       386
  • Figure 53. Toyota T-HR3           389
  • Figure 54. UBTECH Walker.   390
  • Figure 55. G1 foldable robot.               391
  • Figure 56. Unitree H1.              392
  • Figure 57. WANDA.     393
  • Figure 58. CyberOne.                395
  • Figure 59. PX5.              396
  • Figure 60. Q Family robots from the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 399

 

 

 

 

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