The Global Advanced (Chemical) Recycling Market 2026-2040

1             CLASSIFICATION OF RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES             22

2             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY              23

3             INTRODUCTION          24

• 3.1        Global production of plastics             24
• 3.2        The importance of plastic      25
• 3.3        Issues with plastics use          25
• 3.4        Bio-based or renewable plastics      26
  • 3.4.1    Drop-in bio-based plastics   26
  • 3.4.2    Novel bio-based plastics       27
• 3.5        Biodegradable and compostable plastics  28
  • 3.5.1    Biodegradability          28
  • 3.5.2    Compostability            29
• 3.6        Plastic pollution           29
• 3.7        Policy and regulations              30
• 3.8        The circular economy               31
• 3.9        Plastic recycling           32
  • 3.9.1    Mechanical recycling                35
    • 3.9.1.1 Closed-loop mechanical recycling  35
    • 3.9.1.2 Open-loop mechanical recycling      35
    • 3.9.1.3 Polymer types, use, and recovery     36
  • 3.9.2    Advanced recycling (molecular recycling, chemical recycling)     36
    • 3.9.2.1 Main streams of plastic waste            37
    • 3.9.2.2 Comparison of mechanical and advanced chemical recycling    37
• 3.10     Life cycle assessment             38
• 3.11     Global Regulatory Landscape            39
  • 3.11.1 EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) Schemes by Region       39
  • 3.11.2 Recycled Content Mandates               40
  • 3.11.3 Carbon Pricing Mechanisms               42
  • 3.11.4 Food Contact Approvals and Standards      43
  • 3.11.5 International Trade Regulations (Basel Convention)            44
• 3.12     Technology Readiness & Commercialization           45
  • 3.12.1 Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) Assessment   46
  • 3.12.2 Commercialization Pathways              47
  • 3.12.3 Pilot to Commercial Scale Transition            49
  • 3.12.4 Technology Licensing Models             50

4             THE ADVANCED (CHEMICAL) RECYCLING MARKET            51

• 4.1        Market drivers and trends      51
  • 4.1.1    Growing Environmental Concerns   51
  • 4.1.2    Stringent Regulatory Policies              52
  • 4.1.3    Corporate Sustainability Initiatives 54
  • 4.1.4    Technological Advancements             57
  • 4.1.5    Circular Economy Adoption 60
• 4.2        Market Challenges and Restraints   61
  • 4.2.1    High Initial Investment Costs              61
  • 4.2.2    Technical Challenges               61
  • 4.2.3    Infrastructure Limitations     64
  • 4.2.4    Technological Barriers             64
  • 4.2.5    Supply Chain Complexities  67
  • 4.2.6    Cost Competitiveness             68
• 4.3        Industry news, funding and developments 2020-2025      72
• 4.4        Capacities       82
• 4.5        Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology            84
  • 4.5.1    PE          84
  • 4.5.2    PP          85
  • 4.5.3    PET       86
  • 4.5.4    PS          87
  • 4.5.5    Nylon   88
  • 4.5.6    Others 89
• 4.6        Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology, by region     90
  • 4.6.1    Europe                90
  • 4.6.2    North America              91
  • 4.6.3    South America              92
  • 4.6.4    Asia      93
  • 4.6.5    Oceania            95
  • 4.6.6    Africa   96
• 4.7        Chemically recycled plastic products           97
• 4.8        Market map    99
• 4.9        Value chain     105
• 4.10     Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of advanced chemical recycling processes          105
  • 4.10.1 PE          106
  • 4.10.2 PP          106
  • 4.10.3 PET       107
• 4.11     Recycled plastic yield and cost         107
  • 4.11.1 Plastic yield of each chemical recycling technologies        107
  • 4.11.2 Prices  107
• 4.12     Market Analysis & Forecasts                109
  • 4.12.1 Market Size and Revenue Forecasts 2026-2040    109
  • 4.12.2 Revenue by Technology Type               110
  • 4.12.3 Revenue by End-Use Application     111

5             ADVANCED (CHEMICAL OR FEEDSTOCK) RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES              113

• 5.1        Applications   113
• 5.2        Current and Emerging Technologies for Chemical and Advanced Mechanical Recycling of Polymer Waste              114
• 5.3        Thermal Processes    114
  • 5.3.1    Pyrolysis            114
    • 5.3.1.1 Technical Process and Variations    116
    • 5.3.1.2 Non-catalytic 116
    • 5.3.1.3 Catalytic            117
    • 5.3.1.4 Steam Cracking of Polymer Waste  119
      • 5.3.1.4.1           Technology Overview                119
      • 5.3.1.4.2           Process Conditions and Product Yields       120
      • 5.3.1.4.3           Integration with Refineries    121
      • 5.3.1.4.4           Commercial Applications     122
      • 5.3.1.4.5           Polystyrene pyrolysis 123
      • 5.3.1.4.6           Pyrolysis for production of bio fuel  123
      • 5.3.1.4.7           Used tires pyrolysis   127
        • 5.3.1.4.7.1      Conversion to biofuel               128
      • 5.3.1.4.8           Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes             129
    • 5.3.1.5 Commercial Development and Investment               129
    • 5.3.1.6 Challenges and Considerations        129
    • 5.3.1.7 SWOT analysis              129
    • 5.3.1.8 Companies and capacities  130
  • 5.3.2    Gasification    131
    • 5.3.2.1 Technology overview 131
      • 5.3.2.1.1           Syngas conversion to methanol        132
      • 5.3.2.1.2           Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation       135
      • 5.3.2.1.3           Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion    136
    • 5.3.2.2 Applications and Potential    136
    • 5.3.2.3 Multilayer Packaging 136
    • 5.3.2.4 SWOT analysis              137
    • 5.3.2.5 Companies and capacities (current and planned)                138
• 5.4        Solvent-Based Recycling Technologies        139
  • 5.4.1    Dissolution     139
    • 5.4.1.1 Technology overview 139
    • 5.4.1.2 Selective Dissolution and Precipitation        140
    • 5.4.1.3 Supercritical Fluid Technologies       141
    • 5.4.1.4 Advanced Solvent Systems for Mixed Plastics         141
    • 5.4.1.5 Switchable Solvent Technologies     141
    • 5.4.1.6 SWOT analysis              142
    • 5.4.1.7 Companies and capacities (current and planned)                143
  • 5.4.2    Delamination Technologies for Multilayer Packaging          145
    • 5.4.2.1 Technical Approaches             145
    • 5.4.2.2 Switchable Hydrophilicity Solvents (SHS)   145
    • 5.4.2.3 Chemical Recycling of "Polyal" (Polyethylene-Aluminum Composites) 145
    • 5.4.2.4 Delamination Process for Carton Packages              146
    • 5.4.2.5 Aluminum Recovery Methods             146
    • 5.4.2.6 Polyethylene Purification and Recycling      147
    • 5.4.2.7 Economic and Environmental Benefits        148
    • 5.4.2.8 Novel Approaches      149
  • 5.4.3    Solvent-Based Plastic Recycling       150
    • 5.4.3.1 Solvent Selection and Classification             150
      • 5.4.3.1.1           Conventional Organic Solvents         151
      • 5.4.3.1.2           Ionic Liquids   153
      • 5.4.3.1.3           Supercritical Fluids    153
      • 5.4.3.1.4           Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES)             154
    • 5.4.3.2 Polymer-Specific Solvent Recycling                155
      • 5.4.3.2.1           Polyolefin Dissolution Systems         155
      • 5.4.3.2.2           Polystyrene Solvent Recovery             156
      • 5.4.3.2.3           PET and Polyester Solvolysis               156
        • 5.4.3.2.3.1      BHET to Cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) 157
      • 5.4.3.2.4           Mixed Polymer Stream Processing  158
    • 5.4.3.3 Solvent Recovery and Recycling Systems   158
      • 5.4.3.3.1           Distillation and Purification  159
      • 5.4.3.3.2           Membrane Separation Technologies              159
      • 5.4.3.3.3           Economic Optimization          160
    • 5.4.3.4 Environmental Considerations          160
      • 5.4.3.4.1           Solvent Emissions Control   160
      • 5.4.3.4.2           Waste Stream Management 161
      • 5.4.3.4.3           Life Cycle Assessment of Solvent Systems                161
    • 5.4.3.5 Commercial Development and Scale-Up   162
      • 5.4.3.5.1           Pilot and Demonstration Plants         162
      • 5.4.3.5.2           Industrial Implementation Challenges         163
      • 5.4.3.5.3           Economic Viability Assessment        165
  • 5.4.4    Chemical Depolymerisation                166
    • 5.4.4.1 Hydrolysis        167
      • 5.4.4.1.1           Technology overview 167
      • 5.4.4.1.2           SWOT analysis              169
    • 5.4.4.2 Enzymolysis   169
      • 5.4.4.2.1           Technology overview 169
      • 5.4.4.2.2           SWOT analysis              170
    • 5.4.4.3 Methanolysis 171
      • 5.4.4.3.1           Technology overview 171
      • 5.4.4.3.2           SWOT analysis              171
    • 5.4.4.4 Glycolysis         172
      • 5.4.4.4.1           Technology overview 172
      • 5.4.4.4.2           SWOT analysis              173
    • 5.4.4.5 Aminolysis      174
      • 5.4.4.5.1           Technology overview 174
      • 5.4.4.5.2           SWOT analysis              174
    • 5.4.4.6 Companies and capacities (current and planned)                175
• 5.5        Other advanced chemical recycling technologies 175
  • 5.5.1    Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL)     175
    • 5.5.1.1 Technical Mechanisms           175
    • 5.5.1.2 Performance and Application             176
    • 5.5.1.3 Commercial Development    176
    • 5.5.1.4 Hydrothermal Liquefaction Targeting Multilayer Packaging Waste             176
  • 5.5.2    Pyrolysis with in-line reforming          177
  • 5.5.3    Microwave-assisted pyrolysis             178
  • 5.5.4    Plasma pyrolysis         178
  • 5.5.5    Plasma gasification   179
  • 5.5.6    Carbon fiber recycling              180
  • 5.5.6.1 Processes        180
  • 5.5.6.2 Companies     182
• 5.6        Advanced recycling of thermoset materials              183
  • 5.6.1    Thermal recycling        184
    • 5.6.1.1 Energy Recovery Combustion            184
    • 5.6.1.2 Anaerobic Digestion 184
    • 5.6.1.3 Pyrolysis Processing 185
    • 5.6.1.4 Microwave Pyrolysis  186
  • 5.6.2    Solvolysis         187
  • 5.6.3    Catalyzed Glycolysis 187
  • 5.6.4    Alcoholysis and Hydrolysis   188
  • 5.6.5    Ionic liquids    189
  • 5.6.6    Supercritical fluids     190
  • 5.6.7    Plasma              190
  • 5.6.8    Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI)      191
  • 5.6.9    Companies     191
• 5.7        Comparison with Traditional Recycling Methods   192
  • 5.7.1    Mechanical Recycling Limitations   193
  • 5.7.2    Energy Efficiency Comparison           194
  • 5.7.3    Quality of Output Comparison          194
  • 5.7.4    Cost Analysis 196
• 5.8        Emerging Advanced Mechanical Technologies        197
  • 5.8.1    Chemical Upcycling Integration        197
  • 5.8.2    Computational Modelling      197
  • 5.8.3    Hybrid Approaches    197
• 5.9        Environmental Impact Assessment                197
  • 5.9.1    Carbon Footprint Analysis    197
  • 5.9.2    Energy Consumption Assessment  198
  • 5.9.3    Waste Reduction Potential   198
    • 5.9.3.1 Wastewater     199
    • 5.9.3.2 Atmospheric Emissions         199
    • 5.9.3.3 Catalyst and Media Waste    199
    • 5.9.3.4 Maintenance and Cleaning Waste   199
    • 5.9.3.5 Waste Management Approaches     199
    • 5.9.3.6 Regulatory Considerations and Classification        200
    • 5.9.3.7 Comparative Waste Production         200
    • 5.9.3.8 Environmental Impact and Future Directions           200
  • 5.9.4    Sustainability Metrics               201
• 5.10     Emerging Technologies            202
  • 5.10.1 AI and Machine Learning Applications          202
    • 5.10.1.1            Sorting Optimization 203
    • 5.10.1.2            Process Control           203
    • 5.10.1.3            Quality Prediction       204
    • 5.10.1.4            Maintenance Prediction          204
  • 5.10.2 Robotics in Sorting     205
    • 5.10.2.1            Vision Systems             205
    • 5.10.2.2            Picking Mechanisms 205
    • 5.10.2.3            Control Systems          206
    • 5.10.2.4            Integration Methods  206
  • 5.10.3 Novel Catalyst Development               207
    • 5.10.3.1            Nano-catalysts             207
    • 5.10.3.2            Bio-catalysts  209
    • 5.10.3.3            Hybrid Catalysts          211

6             MATERIALS ANALYSIS               213

• 6.1        Plastics              213
  • 6.1.1    Polyethylene (PE)        213
    • 6.1.1.1 HDPE Analysis              213
    • 6.1.1.2 LLDPE Analysis            214
    • 6.1.1.3 Recovery Methods     215
  • 6.1.2    Polypropylene (PP)     216
    • 6.1.2.1 Homopolymer               216
    • 6.1.2.2 Copolymer       217
    • 6.1.2.3 Processing Methods 217
    • 6.1.2.4 Quality Grades              221
  • 6.1.3    Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)     223
    • 6.1.3.1 Bottle Grade   223
    • 6.1.3.2 Fiber Grade     223
    • 6.1.3.3 Film Grade       224
    • 6.1.3.4 Recovery Technologies            224
      • 6.1.3.4.1           Advanced BHET Upgrading to Specialty Chemicals             227
        • 6.1.3.4.1.1      Guerbet Reaction Pathways 227
        • 6.1.3.4.1.2      Biorefinery Integration Approaches 228
  • 6.1.4    Polystyrene (PS)           228
    • 6.1.4.1 General Purpose PS   228
    • 6.1.4.2 High Impact PS             228
    • 6.1.4.3 Expanded PS  229
    • 6.1.4.4 Processing Methods 229
  • 6.1.5    Other Plastics               230
    • 6.1.5.1 PVC      230
    • 6.1.5.2 PC         230
    • 6.1.5.3 ABS       231
    • 6.1.5.4 Mixed Plastics               231
• 6.2        Metals 232
  • 6.2.1    Precious Metals           234
    • 6.2.1.1 Gold     234
    • 6.2.1.2 Silver    234
    • 6.2.1.3 Platinum Group Metals           235
    • 6.2.1.4 Recovery Methods     235
• 6.3        Base Metals    236
  • 6.3.1    Copper               236
  • 6.3.2    Aluminium       237
  • 6.3.3    Steel     237
  • 6.3.4    Processing Technologies        238
• 6.4        Rare Earth Elements 241
  • 6.4.1    Light REEs        241
  • 6.4.2    Heavy REEs     241
  • 6.4.3    Extraction Methods   242
• 6.5        Electronic Waste         244
  • 6.5.1    Circuit Boards               244
    • 6.5.1.1 PCB Types        244
    • 6.5.1.2 Component Separation          245
    • 6.5.1.3 Metal Recovery             245
    • 6.5.1.4 Waste Management  246
  • 6.5.2    Batteries            246
    • 6.5.2.1 Lithium-ion     246
    • 6.5.2.2 Lead-acid         247
    • 6.5.2.3 Nickel-based  247
    • 6.5.2.4 Recovery Processes  249
  • 6.5.3    Displays            251
    • 6.5.3.1 LCD      251
    • 6.5.3.2 LED       251
    • 6.5.3.3 OLED   252
    • 6.5.3.4 Material Recovery       252
  • 6.5.4    Other Components   254
    • 6.5.4.1 Capacitors      254
    • 6.5.4.2 Resistors          254
    • 6.5.4.3 Semiconductors          255
    • 6.5.4.4 Connectors     255
• 6.6        Textiles               256
  • 6.6.1    Natural Fibers                256
  • 6.6.2    Cotton 256
  • 6.6.3    Wool    257
  • 6.6.4    Silk        257
  • 6.6.5    Processing Methods 259
• 6.7        Synthetic Fibers           261
  • 6.7.1    Polyester           261
  • 6.7.2    Nylon   261
  • 6.7.3    Acrylic 262
  • 6.7.4    Recovery Technologies            263

7             END PRODUCT ANALYSIS      266

• 7.1        Chemical Feedstocks              266
  • 7.1.1    Monomers       266
    • 7.1.1.1 Market Drivers for Monomer Value Enhancement 270
    • 7.1.1.2 Performance Premium Applications              270
    • 7.1.1.3 Catalytic Upgrading Platforms           270
      • 7.1.1.3.1           Heterogeneous Catalyst Development         270
      • 7.1.1.3.2           Process Intensification Technologies             270
      • 7.1.1.3.3           Biocatalytic Monomer Enhancement            271
        • 7.1.1.3.3.1      Enzyme Engineering for Recycling Applications      271
        • 7.1.1.3.3.2      Metabolic Engineering for Specialty Chemicals     271
  • 7.1.2    Oligomers        271
  • 7.1.3    Specialty Chemicals 274
• 7.2        Fuels    274
  • 7.2.1    Diesel  274
  • 7.2.2    Gasoline           275
  • 7.2.3    Synthetic Gas 275
• 7.3        Raw Materials                276
  • 7.3.1    Recycled Plastics       276
  • 7.3.2    Recovered Metals       277
  • 7.3.3    Other Materials            277
• 7.4        Energy Products           278
  • 7.4.1    Electricity          278
  • 7.4.2    Heat     279
  • 7.4.3    Biofuels             279
• 7.5        Market Analysis by Sector      281
  • 7.5.1    Packaging (rigid, flexible, multilayer)              281
  • 7.5.2    Automotive and Transportation         282
  • 7.5.3    Building and Construction    283
  • 7.5.4    Electronics and Electrical      284
  • 7.5.5    Textiles and Apparel  285
  • 7.5.6    Consumer Goods       286
  • 7.5.7    Medical and Healthcare         287
  • 7.5.8    Agriculture       288

8             SUPPLY CHAIN AND INFRASTRUCTURE      290

• 8.1        Feedstock Supply Chain        290
  • 8.1.1    Waste Collection Systems    290
  • 8.1.2    Sorting and Pre-processing Infrastructure  291
  • 8.1.3    Quality Standards for Feedstock       292
• 8.2        Product Distribution Networks           293
• 8.3        Infrastructure Gap Analysis by Region          294
• 8.4        Circular Economy Integration             295

9             FUTURE OUTLOOK    296

• 9.1        Emerging Technologies on the Horizon         296
  • 9.1.1    Biological/Enzymatic Recycling         296
  • 9.1.2    Plasma-Based Technologies               297
  • 9.1.3    AI and Digital Twin Applications        298
• 9.2        Market Scenarios 2030-20410           299
  • 9.2.1    Best Case Scenario   299
  • 9.2.2    Base Case Scenario  300
  • 9.2.3    Conservative Scenario            301
• 9.3        Potential Market Disruptors 302
• 9.4        Long-term Sustainability Assessment          303

10          COMPANY PROFILES                303 (192 company profiles)

11          GLOSSARY OF TERMS             446

12          REFERENCES 448

List of Tables

• Table 1. Types of recycling.   22
• Table 2. Issues related to the use of plastics.           25
• Table 3. Type of biodegradation.       29
• Table 4. Overview of the recycling technologies.    34
• Table 5. Polymer types, use, and recovery. 36
• Table 6. Composition of plastic waste streams.     37
• Table 7. Comparison of mechanical and advanced chemical recycling.                37
• Table 8. Life cycle assessment of virgin plastic production, mechanical recycling and chemical recycling.          38
• Table 9. Life cycle assessment of chemical recycling technologies (pyrolysis, gasification, depolymerization and dissolution). 38
• Table 10. Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) Assessment.            46
• Table 11. Market drivers and trends in the advanced chemical recycling market.            51
• Table 12. Global regulations driving plastics recycling.      52
• Table 13. Corporate Sustainability Initiatives.          55
• Table 14. Technological Advancements.      58
• Table 15. Technical Challenges.        62
• Table 16. Technological Barriers.      65
• Table 17. Cost Competitiveness Analysis. 68
• Table 18. Advanced (chemical) recycling industry news, funding and developments 2020-2025.       72
• Table 19. Advanced chemical recycling capacities, by technology.           82
• Table 20. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PE (million tonnes).             84
• Table 21. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PP (million tonnes).             85
• Table 22. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PET (million tonnes).             86
• Table 23. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PS (million tonnes).             87
• Table 24. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for Nylon (million tonnes).             88
• Table 25. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for Other types (million tonnes).*         89
• Table 26. Global polymer demand in Europe, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).   90
• Table 27. Global polymer demand in North America, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).             91
• Table 28. Global polymer demand in South America, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).             92
• Table 29. Global polymer demand in Asia, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).         93
• Table 30. Global polymer demand in Oceania, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes). 95
• Table 31. Global polymer demand in Africa, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).      96
• Table 32. Example chemically recycled plastic products.                97
• Table 33. Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of Advanced chemical recycling Processes.   105
• Table 34. Life cycle assessment of mechanically versus chemically recycling polyethylene (PE).        106
• Table 35. Life cycle assessment of mechanically versus chemically recycling polypropylene (PP).     106
• Table 36. Life cycle assessment of mechanically versus chemically recycling polyethylene terephthalate (PET).  107
• Table 37. Plastic yield of each chemical recycling technologies. 107
• Table 38. Chemically recycled plastics prices in USD.       108
• Table 39. Advanced Recycling Market Size and Revenue Forecasts 2026-2040 (Millions USD).             109
• Table 40. Advanced Recycling Revenue Forecasts by Technology Type 2026-2040 (Millions USD).     110
• Table 41. Advanced Recycling Revenue Forecasts by End-Use Application 2026-2040 (Millions USD).                111
• Table 42. Applications of chemically recycled materials. 113
• Table 43. Current and Emerging Technologies for Chemical and Advanced Mechanical Recycling of Polymer Waste.            114
• Table 44. Pyrolysis Technology Comparison for Multilayer Packaging Processing.          116
• Table 45. Summary of non-catalytic pyrolysis technologies.         116
• Table 46. Summary of catalytic pyrolysis technologies.    117
• Table 47. Steam Cracking Technology Specifications for Polymer Waste Processing.  120
• Table 48. Product Yields and Quality Specifications for Polymer Waste Steam Cracking.          121
• Table 49. Refinery Integration Requirements for Polymer Waste Steam Cracking.          122
• Table 50. Commercial Steam Cracking Applications for Polymer Waste Processing.    123
• Table 51. Summary of pyrolysis technique under different operating conditions.            125
• Table 52. Biomass materials and their bio-oil yield.             126
• Table 53. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process. 126
• Table 54. Pyrolysis companies and plant capacities, current and planned.         130
• Table 55. Summary of gasification technologies.  131
• Table 56. Gasification Technology Specifications for Multilayer Packaging Waste.         137
• Table 57. Advanced recycling (Gasification) companies. 138
• Table 58. Summary of dissolution technologies.   139
• Table 59. Dissolution Technology Performance for Multilayer Packaging Recycling.      140
• Table 60. Switchable Solvent Technologies.              142
• Table 61. Advanced recycling (Dissolution) companies    143
• Table 62. Delamination Method Performance for Multilayer Packaging Separation.      144
• Table 63. Aluminum Recovery Methods.     147
• Table 64. Economic and Environmental Benefits of Delamination Technologies.            148
• Table 65. Novel Approaches in Delamination Technologies - Comprehensive Analysis               149
• Table 66. Primary Solvent Categories and Applications.   151
• Table 67. Process Economics and Operating Parameters.              152
• Table 68. Solvent Recovery and Recycling Systems.            152
• Table 69. Polyolefin Dissolution Systems.  155
• Table 70. Solvent System Performance Comparison.         156
• Table 71. Membrane separation technologies.        159
• Table 72. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of solvent systems.             161
• Table 73. Commercial Development and Scale-Up.             162
• Table 74. Pilot and Demonstration Plants. 163
• Table 75. Industrial Implementation Challenges.  164
• Table 76. Technical Implementation Barriers.          164
• Table 77. Economic Implementation Barriers.         164
• Table 78. Economic Viability Assessment. 165
• Table 79. Technology-Specific Economics 165
• Table 80. Depolymerisation processes for PET, PU, PC and PA, products and yields.    167
• Table 81. Summary of hydrolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers.           167
• Table 82. Summary of Enzymolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers. 169
• Table 83. Summary of methanolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers. 171
• Table 84. Summary of glycolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers.           172
• Table 85. Summary of aminolysis technologies.    174
• Table 86. Advanced recycling (Depolymerisation) companies and capacities (current and planned).                175
• Table 87. Hydrothermal Liquefaction Operating Parameters for Multilayer Packaging. 177
• Table 88. Overview of Pyrolysis with in-line reforming for advanced chemical recycling.            177
• Table 89. Overview of microwave-assisted pyrolysis for advanced chemical recycling.              178
• Table 90. Overview of plasma pyrolysis for advanced chemical recycling.           179
• Table 91. Overview of plasma gasification for advanced chemical recycling.     179
• Table 92. Summary of carbon fiber (CF) recycling technologies. Advantages and disadvantages.       180
• Table 93. Retention rate of tensile properties of recovered carbon fibres by different recycling processes.       182
• Table 94. Recycled carbon fiber producers, technology and capacity.    182
• Table 95. Advanced Recycling Technologies for Specialized Packaging Applications.  183
• Table 96.  Current thermoset recycling routes.        184
• Table 97. Companies developing advanced thermoset recycing routes.               191
• Table 98. Comparison of Advanced Chemical Recycling with Traditional Recycling Methods.                192
• Table 99. Energy Efficiency Comparison: Advanced Chemical Recycling vs. Mechanical Recycling   194
• Table 100. Quality of Output Comparison. 195
• Table 101. Cost Analysis of advanced plastic recycling versus traditional recycling methods.               196
• Table 102. Carbon Footprint Analysis.          197
• Table 103. Energy Consumption Assessment.        198
• Table 104. Sustainability Metrics.    201
• Table 105. AI and Machine Learning Applications. 202
• Table 106. Types of Nano-catalysts.               208
• Table 107. Types of bio-catalysts.    210
• Table 108. Advanced polyethylene recovery methods.      215
• Table 109. Polypropylene processing methods for chemical recycling.  219
• Table 110. PP Quality Grades from Chemical Recycling.  221
• Table 111. Advanced PET recovery technologies . 225
• Table 112. BHET Upgrading Technologies: Process Comparison.               227
• Table 113. Advanced chemical recycling of metals.            232
• Table 114. Precious metals recovery methods.      235
• Table 115. Advanced processing technologies for base metal recycling .             239
• Table 116. Rare Earth Elements Extraction Methods.         242
• Table 117. Recovery Processes for Batteries.           249
• Table 118. Advanced technologies for materials recovery in displays.    252
• Table 119. Processing Methods for Natural Fiber Recycling.          259
• Table 120. Recovery Technologies for Synthetic Fibers      263
• Table 121. Monomers from chemical recycling.     267
• Table 122. Oligomers from advanced recycling.     273

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Global plastics production 1950-2021, millions of tonnes.       25
• Figure 2.  Coca-Cola PlantBottle®.   27
• Figure 3. Interrelationship between conventional, bio-based and biodegradable plastics.       28
• Figure 4. Global production, use, and fate of polymer resins, synthetic fibers, and additives. 30
• Figure 5. The circular plastic economy.        32
• Figure 6. Current management systems for waste plastics.           33
• Figure 7. Overview of the different circular pathways for plastics.             34
• Figure 8. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PE (million tonnes).             85
• Figure 9. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PP (million tonnes).             86
• Figure 10. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PET (million tonnes).             87
• Figure 11. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PS (million tonnes).             88
• Figure 12. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for Nylon (million tonnes).             89
• Figure 13. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for Other types (million tonnes).          90
• Figure 14. Global polymer demand in Europe, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes). 91
• Figure 15. Global polymer demand in North America, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).             92
• Figure 16. Global polymer demand in South America, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).             93
• Figure 17. Global polymer demand in Asia, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).        94
• Figure 18. Global polymer demand in Oceania, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).                95
• Figure 19. Global polymer demand in Africa, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).    96
• Figure 20. Market map for advanced chemical recycling. 104
• Figure 21. Value chain for advanced chemical recycling market.                105
• Figure 22. Advanced Recycling Market Size and Revenue Forecasts 2026-2040 (Millions USD).           109
• Figure 23. Advanced Recycling Revenue Forecasts by Technology Type 2026-2040 (Millions USD).   111
• Figure 24. Advanced Recycling Revenue Forecasts by End-Use Application 2026-2040 (Millions USD).                112
• Figure 25. Schematic layout of a pyrolysis plant.   115
• Figure 26. Waste plastic production pathways to (A) diesel and (B) gasoline      124
• Figure 27. Schematic for Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires. 127
• Figure 28. Used tires conversion process.  128
• Figure 29. SWOT analysis-pyrolysis for advanced recycling.          130
• Figure 30. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm³/h of Syngas.          133
• Figure 31. Overview of biogas utilization.    134
• Figure 32. Biogas and biomethane pathways.          135
• Figure 33. SWOT analysis-gasification for advanced recycling.    138
• Figure 34. SWOT analysis-dissoluton for advanced recycling.      143
• Figure 35. Products obtained through the different solvolysis pathways of PET, PU, and PA.    166
• Figure 36. SWOT analysis-Hydrolysis for advanced chemical recycling. 169
• Figure 37. SWOT analysis-Enzymolysis for advanced chemical recycling.            170
• Figure 38. SWOT analysis-Methanolysis for advanced chemical recycling.          172
• Figure 39. SWOT analysis-Glycolysis for advanced chemical recycling. 173
• Figure 40. SWOT analysis-Aminolysis for advanced chemical recycling.               174
• Figure 41. Alterra’s Akron Plant in Ohio.       308
• Figure 42. ChemCyclingTM prototypes.       316
• Figure 43. ChemCycling circle by BASF.       316
• Figure 44. Recycled carbon fibers obtained through the R3FIBER process.         318
• Figure 45. Cassandra Oil  process.  329
• Figure 46. CuRe Technology process.            336
• Figure 47. MoReTec.   379
• Figure 48. Chemical decomposition process of polyurethane foam.       383
• Figure 49. OMV ReOil process.           393
• Figure 50. Schematic Process of Plastic Energy’s TAC Chemical Recycling.        398
• Figure 51. Easy-tear film material from recycled material.              418
• Figure 52. Polyester fabric made from recycled monomers.          423
• Figure 53. A sheet of acrylic resin made from conventional, fossil resource-derived MMA monomer (left) and a sheet of acrylic resin made from chemically recycled MMA monomer (right).     432
• Figure 54. Teijin Frontier Co., Ltd. Depolymerisation process.      436
• Figure 55. The Velocys process.        441
• Figure 56. The Proesa® Process.        443
• Figure 57. Worn Again products.       444

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The Global Advanced (Chemical) Recycling Market 2026-2040

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The Global Advanced (Chemical) Recycling Market 2026-2040

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