The cost of DNA synthesis has fallen by a factor of one million since 2000. The synthetic biology market is experiencing the commercial consequences of that cost collapse — as the ability to design, synthesise, and test biological systems at scale transitions from an academic capability to an industrial one, enabling the programming of living cells for the production of chemicals, materials, food ingredients, pharmaceuticals, and fuels that were previously only accessible from petrochemical or animal-derived sources.
The synthetic biology market is entering its most commercially productive decade. AI-driven protein design using AlphaFold and next-generation computational biology tools has compressed strain development cycles from years of empirical iteration to months of computational design. Precision fermentation companies are producing animal-free proteins, fats, and flavours at commercial scale with demonstrated customer adoption. Bio-based chemicals are achieving price parity with petrochemical equivalents in an increasing number of product categories. The synthetic biology market is no longer primarily a venture capital story — it is a commercial deployment story with measurable revenue, established customers, and accelerating adoption across multiple industries simultaneously.
Synthetic Biology Market Report 2027-2037 — Key Coverage Areas
- Precision Fermentation — engineering microorganisms to produce proteins, fats, flavours, and specialty chemicals replacing animal-derived or petrochemical sources, with leading company commercial scale-up status and production cost trajectories
- CRISPR and Next-Generation Gene Editing Tools — base editing, prime editing, and epigenome editing technologies enabling increasingly precise biological engineering, and the commercial tool providers enabling the broader synthetic biology market ecosystem
- AI-Driven Biological Design — protein structure prediction using AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold, generative AI for protein and metabolic pathway design, and biology-native AI models compressing strain development timelines from years to months
- Bio-based Chemicals — biological production routes to succinic acid, lactic acid, adipic acid, butanediol, and itaconic acid as drop-in replacements for petroleum-derived chemical building blocks with cost parity analysis
- Industrial Enzymes and Biocatalysis — engineered enzyme design for detergent, textile, food processing, biofuel, and plastic degradation applications, and the commercial enzyme producers driving industrial adoption
- Biosynthetic Materials — spider silk from precision fermentation, mycelium composite materials, bacterial cellulose, and next-generation biopolymer production platforms with commercialisation status
- Pharmaceutical Applications — mRNA therapeutics, gene therapy vector production, and antibody-drug conjugate manufacturing using engineered biological systems
- Advanced Biofuels — synthetic biology approaches to cellulosic ethanol, isobutanol, and sustainable aviation fuel precursor production with feedstock and cost analysis
- Competitive Landscape — Ginkgo Bioworks, LanzaTech, Pivot Bio, Genomatica, Impossible Foods, and the full synthetic biology company ecosystem with funding, commercialisation status, and strategic positioning
- 10-Year Forecasts — synthetic biology market value by application segment, production platform, and region from 2027 through 2037
The synthetic biology market report is the essential intelligence resource for investors, corporate strategists, and technology developers navigating the biological production transition.
Ideal for biotech investors, specialty chemical companies, food manufacturers, pharmaceutical developers, and corporate sustainability teams.
cover
- Published: August 2026
- Pages: 493
- Tables: 137
- Figures: 68
Synthetic biology applies engineering principles to living systems, designing and constructing biological parts, devices and organisms that do not occur in nature, or redesigning existing ones for defined purposes. It differs from conventional genetic engineering in both ambition and method. Where genetic engineering introduces limited, targeted modifications to an existing organism, synthetic biology treats biology as a programmable platform, engineered through iterative design-build-test-learn cycles that draw on molecular biology, engineering, computer science and automation. The outputs are correspondingly different: not merely enhanced organism traits, but novel organisms, metabolic pathways and biomolecules.
The field spans a broad technology base. DNA synthesis and assembly, genome engineering, metabolic engineering, protein and enzyme engineering, synthetic genomics and computational design form the core toolset, supported by automated biofoundries, biosensors, robotics and expanding capability in xenobiology and cell-free systems. These tools are deployed across an unusually wide range of end markets — pharmaceuticals and healthcare, bio-based chemicals, bioplastics and biopolymers, biofuels, agriculture, food and nutraceutical ingredients, textiles, packaging, cosmetics, surfactants, construction materials, biocatalysis and bioremediation.
Three structural shifts define the current period. The first is convergence. Synthetic biology, industrial enzymes and white biotechnology were historically analysed as separate sectors; they now share the same toolsets, the same customers and increasingly the same balance sheets, making separate segmentation artificial and treating them as one industrial biomanufacturing market more accurate.
The second is the elevation of policy from background condition to primary determinant. Regulatory frameworks and industrial strategy in the European Union, United States and Asia now materially shape where production capacity is built and which products reach market first, with demand-side measures such as bio-based content requirements and public procurement preferences potentially more consequential than approval-pathway reform.
The third, and the most important commercially, is that scale-up remains the binding constraint. Laboratory and bench results reproduce reliably. The transition to commercial fermentation volumes exposes oxygen transfer limits, heat removal constraints, contamination risk, feedstock variability and downstream recovery losses that were invisible at small scale and that routinely destroy process economics. This gap explains the recurring pattern of well-funded platform companies failing between late-stage financing and commercial launch.
The consequence is a bifurcating market. Companies with production assets, contract manufacturing relationships or access to shared pilot infrastructure are converting technical capability into revenue. Those licensing technology alone remain exposed to the biotechnology funding cycle. Consolidation is expected to continue.
This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global synthetic biology and biomanufacturing market across the 2027-2037 period, with historical context from 2019. It assesses the technical, commercial and regulatory factors shaping the sector, and segments the market by technology platform, product type, application sector and geography. Coverage extends across the applications in which synthetic biology is being commercialised: biofuels, bio-based chemicals, bioplastics and biopolymers, bioremediation, biocatalysis, food and nutraceutical ingredients, sustainable agriculture, textiles, packaging, healthcare and pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, surfactants and detergents, and construction materials.
Technology analysis covers biomanufacturing processes from batch and continuous fermentation through cell-free synthesis, biofilm-based production, microfluidic systems, photobioreactors, membrane bioreactors, plant and mammalian cell culture and bioprinting. It also examines metabolic engineering, gene and DNA synthesis, gene synthesis and assembly, genome engineering, protein and enzyme engineering, synthetic genomics, strain construction and optimisation, smart bioprocessing, chassis organisms, biomimetics, sustainable materials, robotics and automation, bioinformatics and computational tools, xenobiology and expanded genetic alphabets, biosensors and bioelectronics, feedstocks, and marine biotechnology.
The report includes a detailed technology roadmap to 2037, SWOT analysis, assessment of industry challenges and constraints, analysis of the scale-up and pilot infrastructure bottleneck that continues to determine which companies reach commercial production, the regulatory and policy landscape across the European Union, United States and Asia, the industrial biotechnology value chain, the convergence of synthetic biology with industrial enzymes and white biotechnology, and a review of investment activity across the sector.
The report contains 137 tables, 68 figures and profiles of 327 companies spanning the synthetic biology value chain, from DNA synthesis and biofoundry platforms through fermentation producers, materials companies and end-market brands. Companies profiled include Aanika Biosciences, Aemetis, AEP Polymers, Afyren, AgBiome, AgriSea NZ Seaweed, Agrivida, Ainnocence, ÄIO, AI Proteins, Algal Bio, Algenol, AlgiKnit, Algiecel, Alpha Biofuels, Allonnia, Allozymes, Alt.Leather, Alto Neuroscience, Amano Enzyme, AmphiStar, Amply Discovery, AMSilk, Amyris, Andes Ag, Ansa Biotechnologies, Antheia, Apeel Sciences, Aralez Bio, Arctic Biomaterials, Ardra Bio, Arkeon, Arsenale Bioyards, Arzeda, Asimov, Atantares, Autolus, AVA Biochem, Avantium, Azolla, Axcelon Biopolymers, Basecamp Research, BBCA Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid, Benefuel, BioBetter, Bioextrax, Bio Fab NZ, Biokemik, BIOLO, Biomason, Biomemory, Bioplastech, BioSmart Nano, Biotic Circular Technologies, Biosyntia, Biotecam, Bioweg, bit.bio, Bloom Biorenewables, BluCon Biotech, Blue BioFuels, Bluepha, Bon Vivant, Bolt Threads, Bosk Bioproducts, Bowil Biotech, Braskem, Brightseed, Bucha Bio, C1 Green Chemicals, C16 Biosciences, CABIO Biotech, California Cultured, Calysta, Cambrium, Camena Bioscience, Capra Biosciences, Carbios, Cargill, Calyxt, Cascade Biocatalysts, Cass Materials, Catalyxx, Cathy Biotech, Cauldron Ferm, Cemvita Factory, ChainCraft, Checkerspot, Chitose Bio Evolution, CinderBio, Circe, CJ Biomaterials, Clean Food Group, Codagenix, Codexis, Colossal Biosciences, Colipi, Colorifix, Conagen, Constructive Bio, Cysbio, Danimer Scientific, Debut Biotechnology, Deep Branch Biotechnology, Demetrix, Dispersa, DMC Biotechnologies, DNA Script, Domsjö Fabriker, DoriNano, DuPont, Earli, Ecovative Design, Eco Fuel Technology, Eden Brew, EggPlant, Eligo Bioscience, Elo Life Systems, Emerging Fuels Technology, Enduro Genetics, EnginZyme, Eni, EnPlusOne Biosciences, Enzymaster, Enzymit, Erebagen, Esphera SynBio, Euglena, Eversyn, Evozyne, FabricNano, Fermentalg, Forage Evolution and more......
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 25
1.1 Overview of the global synthetic biology market 25
1.2 Difference between synthetic biology and genetic engineering 27
1.3 Market size and growth projections 27
1.3.1 By Technology 27
1.3.2 By Product Type 29
1.3.3 By Market 31
1.3.4 By Region 33
1.4 Major trends and drivers 35
1.5 Investments in synthetic biology 36
1.6 Technology roadmap 37
1.7 Technology convergence: synthetic biology, industrial enzymes and white biotechnology 39
1.8 Regulatory and policy landscape 40
1.9 Colours of biotechnology 41
1.10 Industrial biotechnology value chain 41
2 INTRODUCTION 43
2.1 What is synthetic biology? 43
2.2 Comparison with conventional processes 43
2.3 Applications 44
2.4 Advantages 45
2.5 Sustainability 45
2.6 Synthetic Biology for the Circular Economy 46
3 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 48
3.1 Biomanufacturing processes 48
3.1.1 Batch biomanufacturing 50
3.1.2 Continuous biomanufacturing 51
3.1.3 Fermentation Processes 51
3.1.4 Cell-free synthesis 52
3.1.5 Biofilm-based production 54
3.1.6 Microfluidic systems 55
3.1.7 Photobioreactors 56
3.1.8 Membrane bioreactors 56
3.1.9 Plant cell culture 57
3.1.10 Mammalian cell culture 57
3.1.11 Bioprinting 58
3.2 Cell factories for biomanufacturing 60
3.3 Technology Overview 62
3.3.1 Metabolic engineering 63
3.3.2 Gene and DNA synthesis 66
3.3.3 Gene Synthesis and Assembly 67
3.3.4 Genome engineering 69
3.3.4.1 CRISPR 69
3.3.4.1.1 CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways 70
3.3.4.1.2 TALENs 70
3.3.4.1.3 ZFNs 71
3.3.5 Protein/Enzyme Engineering 72
3.3.6 Synthetic genomics 74
3.3.6.1 Principles of Synthetic Genomics 74
3.3.6.2 Synthetic Chromosomes and Genomes 75
3.3.7 Strain construction and optimization 76
3.3.8 Smart bioprocessing 77
3.3.9 Chassis organisms 78
3.3.10 Biomimetics 79
3.3.11 Sustainable materials 80
3.3.12 Robotics and automation 80
3.3.12.1 Robotic cloud laboratories 81
3.3.12.2 Automating organism design 81
3.3.12.3 Artificial intelligence and machine learning 81
3.3.13 Bioinformatics and computational tools 82
3.3.13.1 Role of Bioinformatics in Synthetic Biology 82
3.3.13.2 Computational Tools for Design and Analysis 82
3.3.14 Xenobiology and expanded genetic alphabets 84
3.3.15 Biosensors and bioelectronics 85
3.3.16 Feedstocks 86
3.3.16.1 C1 feedstocks 89
3.3.16.1.1 Advantages 89
3.3.16.1.2 Pathways 90
3.3.16.1.3 Challenges 90
3.3.16.1.4 Non-methane C1 feedstocks 91
3.3.16.1.5 Gas fermentation 91
3.3.16.2 C2 feedstocks 92
3.3.16.3 Biological conversion of CO2 92
3.3.16.4 Food processing wastes 96
3.3.16.5 Lignocellulosic biomass 96
3.3.16.6 Syngas 97
3.3.16.7 Glycerol 97
3.3.16.8 Methane 97
3.3.16.9 Municipal solid wastes 100
3.3.16.10 Plastic wastes 101
3.3.16.11 Plant oils 101
3.3.16.12 Starch 102
3.3.16.13 Sugars 103
3.3.16.14 Used cooking oils 103
3.3.16.15 Green hydrogen production 104
3.3.16.16 Blue hydrogen production 105
3.3.17 Marine biotechnology 107
3.3.17.1 Cyanobacteria 108
3.3.17.2 Macroalgae 109
3.3.17.3 Companies 110
4 MARKET ANALYSIS 112
4.1 Market trends and drivers 112
4.2 Industry challenges and constraints 113
4.3 Synthetic biology in the bioeconomy 113
4.4 SWOT analysis 114
4.5 Synthetic biology markets 115
4.5.1 Biofuels 116
4.5.1.1 Solid Biofuels 117
4.5.1.2 Liquid Biofuels 118
4.5.1.3 Gaseous Biofuels 119
4.5.1.4 Conventional Biofuels 119
4.5.1.5 Advanced Biofuels 120
4.5.1.6 Feedstocks 121
4.5.1.6.1 First-generation (1-G) 122
4.5.1.6.2 Second-generation (2-G) 123
4.5.1.6.2.1 Lignocellulosic wastes and residues 124
4.5.1.6.2.2 Biorefinery lignin 125
4.5.1.6.3 Third-generation (3-G) 130
4.5.1.6.3.1 Algal biofuels 130
4.5.1.6.3.1.1 Properties 130
4.5.1.6.3.1.2 Advantages 131
4.5.1.6.4 Fourth-generation (4-G) 132
4.5.1.6.5 Energy crops 132
4.5.1.6.6 Agricultural residues 132
4.5.1.6.7 Manure, sewage sludge and organic waste 133
4.5.1.6.8 Forestry and wood waste 133
4.5.1.6.9 Feedstock costs 134
4.5.1.7 Synthetic biology approaches for biofuel production 134
4.5.1.8 Bioethanol 135
4.5.1.8.1 Ethanol to jet fuel technology 136
4.5.1.8.2 Methanol from pulp & paper production 137
4.5.1.8.3 Sulfite spent liquor fermentation 137
4.5.1.8.4 Gasification 137
4.5.1.8.4.1 Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation 138
4.5.1.8.4.2 Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion 138
4.5.1.8.5 CO2 capture and alcohol synthesis 138
4.5.1.8.6 Biomass hydrolysis and fermentation 139
4.5.1.8.7 Separate hydrolysis and fermentation 139
4.5.1.8.7.1 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) 140
4.5.1.8.7.2 Pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF) 140
4.5.1.8.7.3 Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) 140
4.5.1.8.7.4 Direct conversion (consolidated bioprocessing) (CBP) 140
4.5.1.9 Biodiesel 141
4.5.1.10 Biogas 143
4.5.1.10.1 Biomethane 144
4.5.1.10.2 Feedstocks 146
4.5.1.10.3 Anaerobic digestion 147
4.5.1.11 Renewable diesel 148
4.5.1.12 Biojet fuel 150
4.5.1.13 Algal biofuels (blue biotech) 154
4.5.1.13.1 Conversion pathways 154
4.5.1.13.2 Market challenges 156
4.5.1.13.3 Prices 156
4.5.1.13.4 Producers 157
4.5.1.14 Biohydrogen 158
4.5.1.14.1 Biological Conversion Routes 159
4.5.1.14.1.1 Bio-photochemical Reaction 159
4.5.1.14.1.2 Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion 159
4.5.1.15 Biobutanol 160
4.5.1.16 Bio-based methanol 161
4.5.1.16.1 Anaerobic digestion 163
4.5.1.16.2 Biomass gasification 164
4.5.1.16.3 Power to Methane 165
4.5.1.17 Bioisoprene 165
4.5.1.18 Fatty Acid Esters 165
4.5.2 Bio-based chemicals 166
4.5.2.1 Acetic acid 167
4.5.2.2 Adipic acid 167
4.5.2.3 Aldehydes 168
4.5.2.4 Acrylic acid 169
4.5.2.5 Bacterial cellulose 169
4.5.2.6 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) 172
4.5.2.7 Bio-DME 173
4.5.2.8 Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) 174
4.5.2.9 Ethylene 174
4.5.2.10 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) 175
4.5.2.11 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) 176
4.5.2.12 Itaconic acid 177
4.5.2.13 Lactic acid (D-LA) 177
4.5.2.14 1,5-diaminopentane (DA5) 178
4.5.2.15 Tetrahydrofuran (THF) 179
4.5.2.16 Malonic acid 180
4.5.2.17 Monoethylene glycol (MEG) 180
4.5.2.18 Propylene 181
4.5.2.19 Succinic acid (SA) 182
4.5.2.20 Triglycerides 184
4.5.2.21 Enzymes 184
4.5.2.22 Vitamins 184
4.5.2.23 Antibiotics 185
4.5.3 Bioplastics and Biopolymers 185
4.5.3.1 Polylactic acid (PLA) 186
4.5.3.2 PHAs 188
4.5.3.2.1 Commercial landscape 188
4.5.3.2.2 Production biology 189
4.5.3.2.3 Downstream processing 189
4.5.3.2.4 Types 190
4.5.3.2.4.1 PHB 191
4.5.3.2.4.2 PHBV 192
4.5.3.2.5 Synthesis and production processes 193
4.5.3.2.6 Commercially available PHAs 195
4.5.3.3 Bio-PET 196
4.5.3.4 Starch blends 197
4.5.3.5 Protein-based bioplastics 197
4.5.4 Bioremediation 198
4.5.5 Biocatalysis 199
4.5.5.1 Biotransformations 200
4.5.5.2 Cascade biocatalysis 200
4.5.5.3 Co-factor recycling 200
4.5.5.4 Immobilization 201
4.5.6 Food and Nutraceutical Ingredients 201
4.5.6.1 Alternative Proteins 201
4.5.6.2 Natural Sweeteners 202
4.5.6.3 Natural Flavors and Fragrances 203
4.5.6.4 Texturants and Thickeners 203
4.5.6.5 Nutraceuticals and Supplements 203
4.5.7 Sustainable agriculture 204
4.5.7.1 Crop Improvement and Trait Development 204
4.5.7.2 Plant-Microbe Interactions and Symbiosis 204
4.5.7.3 Biofertilizers 205
4.5.7.3.1 Overview 205
4.5.7.3.2 Companies 205
4.5.7.4 Biopesticides 205
4.5.7.4.1 Overview 205
4.5.7.4.2 Companies 206
4.5.7.5 Biostimulants 206
4.5.7.5.1 Overview 206
4.5.7.5.2 Companies 207
4.5.7.6 Crop Biotechnology 207
4.5.7.6.1 Genetic engineering 207
4.5.7.6.2 Genome editing 208
4.5.7.6.3 Companies 208
4.5.8 Textiles 209
4.5.8.1 Bio-Based Fibers 209
4.5.8.1.1 Lyocell 209
4.5.8.1.2 Bacterial cellulose 210
4.5.8.1.3 Algae textiles 210
4.5.8.2 Bio-based leather 211
4.5.8.2.1 Properties of bio-based leathers 214
4.5.8.2.1.1 Tear strength 214
4.5.8.2.1.2 Tensile strength 215
4.5.8.2.1.3 Bally flexing 215
4.5.8.2.2 Comparison with conventional leathers 215
4.5.8.2.3 Comparative analysis of bio-based leathers 218
4.5.8.3 Plant-based leather 219
4.5.8.3.1 Overview 219
4.5.8.3.2 Production processes 219
4.5.8.3.2.1 Feedstocks 220
4.5.8.3.2.2 Agriculture Residues 220
4.5.8.3.2.3 Food Processing Waste 220
4.5.8.3.2.4 Invasive Plants 220
4.5.8.3.2.5 Culture-Grown Inputs 220
4.5.8.3.2.6 Textile-Based 221
4.5.8.3.2.7 Bio-Composite 221
4.5.8.3.3 Products 222
4.5.8.3.4 Market players 222
4.5.8.4 Mycelium leather 223
4.5.8.4.1 Overview 224
4.5.8.4.2 Production process 225
4.5.8.4.2.1 Growth conditions 225
4.5.8.4.2.2 Tanning Mycelium Leather 226
4.5.8.4.2.3 Dyeing Mycelium Leather 226
4.5.8.4.3 Products 227
4.5.8.4.4 Market players 227
4.5.8.5 Microbial leather 228
4.5.8.5.1 Overview 228
4.5.8.5.2 Production process 228
4.5.8.5.3 Fermentation conditions 229
4.5.8.5.4 Harvesting 229
4.5.8.5.5 Products 230
4.5.8.5.6 Market players 232
4.5.8.6 Lab grown leather 233
4.5.8.6.1 Overview 233
4.5.8.6.2 Production process 233
4.5.8.6.3 Products 234
4.5.8.6.4 Market players 235
4.5.8.7 Protein-based leather 235
4.5.8.7.1 Overview 235
4.5.8.7.2 Production process 236
4.5.8.7.3 Commercial activity 236
4.5.8.8 Recombinant Materials 237
4.5.8.9 Sustainable Processing 237
4.5.9 Packaging 238
4.5.9.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) 238
4.5.9.2 Applications 238
4.5.9.2.1 Vials, bottles, and containers 239
4.5.9.2.2 Disposable items and household goods 240
4.5.9.2.3 Food packaging 241
4.5.9.2.4 Wet wipes and diapers 241
4.5.9.3 Proteins 241
4.5.9.4 Algae-based 243
4.5.9.5 Mycelium 245
4.5.9.6 Antimicrobial films and agents 245
4.5.10 Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals 246
4.5.10.1 Drug discovery and development 248
4.5.10.2 Gene therapy and regenerative medicine 249
4.5.10.3 Vaccine production 250
4.5.10.4 Personalized medicine 252
4.5.10.5 Diagnostic tools and biosensors 254
4.5.10.6 Companies 255
4.5.11 Cosmetics 255
4.5.12 Surfactants and detergents 256
4.5.13 Construction materials 257
4.5.13.1 Bioconcrete 257
4.5.13.2 Microalgae biocement 259
4.5.13.3 Mycelium materials 261
4.6 Global market revenues 2019-2037 262
4.6.1 By Technology 262
4.6.2 By Product Type 264
4.6.3 By Market 266
4.6.4 By Region 268
4.7 Scale-up and pilot infrastructure 270
4.8 Natural molecule drug discovery 271
4.9 Future Market Outlook 271
5 COMPANY PROFILES 273 (327 company profiles)
6 APPENDIX 477
6.1 Research Methodology 477
6.2 Glossary of Terms 478
7 REFERENCES 479
List of Tables
Table 1. Comparison of synthetic biology and genetic engineering. 27
Table 2. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Technology, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 28
Table 3. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Product Type, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 30
Table 4. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 32
Table 5. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 34
Table 6. Major trends and drivers in synthetic biology. 35
Table 7. Investments in synthetic biology. 36
Table 8. Phase 1: Consolidation & Cost-Down (2027-2029). 37
Table 9. Phase 2: Integration & Scale (2030-2032). 37
Table 10. Phase 3: Transformation & Convergence (2033-2035). 38
Table 11. Phase 4: Maturation & Optimization (2036-2037). 38
Table 12. Convergence of synthetic biology, industrial enzymes and white biotechnology. 39
Table 13. Policy instruments shaping the 2027-2037 market. 40
Table 14. Differences between synthetic biology and conventional processes. 43
Table 15. Main application areas for synthetic biology. 44
Table 16. Advantages of synthetic biology. 45
Table 17. Key biomanufacturing processes utilized in synthetic biology. 48
Table 18. Molecules produced through industrial biomanufacturing. 49
Table 19. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing 50
Table 20. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes. 50
Table 21. Synthetic biology fermentation processes. 52
Table 22. Cell-free versus cell-based systems 53
Table 23. Comparison of the biomanufacturing processes in synthetic biology. 59
Table 24. Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing. 61
Table 25. Core stages - Design, Build and Test. 62
Table 26. Key tools and techniques used in metabolic engineering for pathway optimization. 64
Table 27. Key applications of metabolic engineering. 65
Table 28. Main DNA synthesis technologies 67
Table 29. Main gene assembly methods. 68
Table 30. Key applications of genome engineering. 72
Table 31. Engineered proteins in industrial applications. 73
Table 32.Key computational tools and their applications in synthetic biology. 82
Table 33. Feedstocks for synthetic biology. 86
Table 34. Products from C1 feedstocks in white biotechnology. 91
Table 35. C2 Feedstock Products. 92
Table 36. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages. 94
Table 37. Production capacities of biorefinery lignin producers. 96
Table 38. Common starch sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals. 102
Table 39. Biomass processes summary, process description and TRL. 105
Table 40. Pathways for hydrogen production from biomass. 106
Table 41. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size. 107
Table 42. Blue biotechnology companies. 110
Table 43. Market trends and drivers in synthetic biology. 112
Table 44. Industry challenges and restraints in synthetic biology. 113
Table 45. Key markets and applications for synthetic biology. 115
Table 46. Comparison of biofuels. 116
Table 47. Categories and examples of solid biofuel. 118
Table 48. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity. 120
Table 49. Classification of biomass feedstock. 121
Table 50. Biorefinery feedstocks. 121
Table 51. Feedstock conversion pathways. 122
Table 52. First-Generation Feedstocks. 122
Table 53. Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities. 124
Table 54. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins. 126
Table 55. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes 127
Table 56. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol. 128
Table 57. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae. 130
Table 58. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops. 131
Table 59. Range of biomass cost by feedstock type. 134
Table 60. Processes in bioethanol production. 139
Table 61. Microorganisms used in CBP for ethanol production from biomass lignocellulosic. 140
Table 62. Biodiesel by generation. 142
Table 63. Biodiesel production techniques. 143
Table 64. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process. 143
Table 65. Biogas feedstocks. 146
Table 66. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel. 150
Table 67. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel. 151
Table 68. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities. 153
Table 69. Algae-derived biofuel producers. 157
Table 70. Markets and applications for biohydrogen. 158
Table 71. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways. 159
Table 72. Properties of petrol and biobutanol. 160
Table 73. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas. 163
Table 74. Biobased chemicals that can be produced using synthetic biology approaches. 166
Table 75. Applications of bio-based caprolactam. 168
Table 76. Applications of bio-based acrylic acid. 169
Table 77. Applications of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol (BDO). 172
Table 78. Applications of bio-based ethylene. 175
Table 79. Biobased feedstock sources for 3-HP. 175
Table 80. Applications of 3-HP. 176
Table 81. Applications of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO). 176
Table 82. Biobased feedstock sources for itaconic acid. 177
Table 83. Applications of bio-based itaconic acid. 177
Table 84. Biobased feedstocks that can be used to produce 1,5-diaminopentane (DA5). 178
Table 85. Applications of DN5. 179
Table 86. Applications of bio-based Tetrahydrofuran (THF). 179
Table 87. Markets and applications for malonic acid. 180
Table 88. Biobased feedstock sources for MEG. 180
Table 89. Applications of bio-based MEG. 181
Table 90. Applications of bio-based propylene. 182
Table 91. Biobased feedstock sources for Succinic acid. 182
Table 92. Applications of succinic acid. 183
Table 93. Bioplastics and bioplastic precursors synthesized via white biotechnology processes . 185
Table 94. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications. 186
Table 95. PLA producers and production capacities. 187
Table 96.Types of PHAs and properties. 191
Table 97. Comparison of the physical properties of different PHAs with conventional petroleum-based polymers. 192
Table 98. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extraction methods. 194
Table 99. Commercially available PHAs. 195
Table 100. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies. 197
Table 101. Applications of white biotechnology in bioremediation and environmental remediation. 199
Table 102. Companies developing fermentation-derived food. 202
Table 103. Biofertilizer companies. 205
Table 104. Biopesticides companies. 206
Table 105. Biostimulants companies. 207
Table 106. Crop biotechnology companies. 208
Table 107. Types of sustainable alternative leathers. 212
Table 108. Properties of bio-based leathers. 214
Table 109. Comparison with conventional leathers. 216
Table 110. Price of commercially available sustainable alternative leather products. 217
Table 111. Comparative analysis of sustainable alternative leathers. 218
Table 112. Key processing steps involved in transforming plant fibers into leather materials. 219
Table 113. Current and emerging plant-based leather products. 222
Table 114. Companies developing plant-based leather products. 223
Table 115. Overview of mycelium-description, properties, drawbacks and applications. 224
Table 116. Companies developing mycelium-based leather products. 228
Table 117. Types of microbial-derived leather alternative. 230
Table 118. Companies developing microbial leather products. 233
Table 119. Companies developing plant-based leather products. 235
Table 120. Types of protein-based leather alternatives. 235
Table 121. Companies developing protein based leather. 237
Table 122. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of PHAs in packaging. 238
Table 123. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies. 242
Table 124. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size. 244
Table 125. Pharmaceutical applications of synthetic biology. 247
Table 126. Companies involved in synthetic biology for gene therapy and regenerative medicine 250
Table 127. Companies involved in synthetic biology for vaccine production. 251
Table 128. Companies involved in synthetic biology for personalized medicine. 253
Table 129. Synthetic biology companies in healthcare and pharmaceuticals. 255
Table 130. Applications of biotechnology in the cosmetics industry. 256
Table 131. Sustainable biomanufacturing of surfactants and detergents. 257
Table 132. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Technology, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 263
Table 133. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Product Type, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 265
Table 134. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 267
Table 135. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 269
Table 136. Scale-up transition points and typical failure modes. 271
Table 137. Glossary of Terms. 478
List of Figures
Figure 1. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Technology, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 29
Figure 2. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Product Type, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 31
Figure 3. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 33
Figure 4. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 34
Figure 5. Industrial biotechnology value chain. 42
Figure 6. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems. 54
Figure 7. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing. 70
Figure 8. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering. 78
Figure 9. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis. 79
Figure 10. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process. 93
Figure 11. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels. 94
Figure 12. Overview of biogas utilization. 98
Figure 13. Biogas and biomethane pathways. 99
Figure 14. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production. 100
Figure 15. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix. 108
Figure 16. SWOT analysis: synthetic biology. 115
Figure 17. Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals. 126
Figure 19. Overview of biogas utilization. 144
Figure 20. Biogas and biomethane pathways. 145
Figure 21. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production. 148
Figure 22. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production. 155
Figure 23. Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels. 157
Figure 24. Biobutanol production route. 161
Figure 25. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks. 162
Figure 26. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading. 164
Figure 27. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation. 164
Figure 28. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process. 165
Figure 29. Overview of Toray process. 167
Figure 30. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes 171
Figure 31. PHA family. 190
Figure 32. AlgiKicks sneaker, made with the Algiknit biopolymer gel. 211
Figure 33. Conceptual landscape of next-gen leather materials. 212
Figure 34. Hermès bag made of MycoWorks' mycelium leather. 227
Figure 35. Ganni blazer made from bacterial cellulose. 232
Figure 36. Bou Bag by GANNI and Modern Synthesis. 232
Figure 37. Paper cups lined with home-compostable PHA. 238
Figure 38. Amorphous PHA Cosmetics Jar. 240
Figure 39. Types of bio-based materials used for antimicrobial food packaging application. 246
Figure 40. Self-healing bacteria crack filler for concrete. 258
Figure 41. BioMason cement. 259
Figure 42. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc. 260
Figure 43. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam. 261
Figure 44. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials. 262
Figure 45. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Technology, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 264
Figure 46. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Product Type, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 266
Figure 47. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 268
Figure 48. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2019-2037 (Billion USD). 270
Figure 49. Jelly-like seaweed-based nanocellulose hydrogel. 276
Figure 50. Algiknit yarn. 281
Figure 51. ALGIECEL PhotoBioReactor. 282
Figure 52. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA. 304
Figure 53. Domsjö process. 340
Figure 54. Mushroom leather. 343
Figure 55. PHA production process. 361
Figure 56. Light Bio Bioluminescent plants. 386
Figure 57. Lignin gel. 387
Figure 58. BioFlex process. 390
Figure 59. TransLeather. 394
Figure 60. Reishi. 405
Figure 61. Compostable water pod. 414
Figure 62. Precision Photosynthesis™ technology. 433
Figure 63. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process. 434
Figure 64. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk. 436
Figure 65. Lyocell process. 447
Figure 66. Spider silk production. 452
Figure 67. Corbion FDCA production process. 463
Figure 68. UPM biorefinery process. 468
Figure 69. The Proesa® Process. 470
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