The Global Industrial Biomanufacturing Market 2027-2037

1             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY            29

• 1.1        Definition and Scope of Industrial Biomanufacturing        29
• 1.2        Overview of Industrial Biomanufacturing Processes           30
• 1.3        Key Components of Industrial Biomanufacturing 32
• 1.4        Importance of Industrial Biomanufacturing in the Global Economy          33
• 1.5        Colours of Biotechnology      33
• 1.6        Markets              34
  • 1.6.1    Biopharmaceuticals 34
  • 1.6.2    Industrial Enzymes    35
  • 1.6.3    Biofuels             35
  • 1.6.4    Biomaterials and Bioplastics              36
  • 1.6.5    Specialty Chemicals 37
  • 1.6.6    Food and Beverage    37
  • 1.6.7    Agriculture and Animal Health           38
  • 1.6.8    Environmental Biotechnology             39
• 1.7        AI and Robotics in Biomanufacturing            40
• 1.8        Other Advanced and Emerging Technologies in Biomanufacturing           41

2             PRODUCTION               43

• 2.1        Microbial Fermentation           43
• 2.2        Mammalian Cell Culture        43
• 2.3        Plant Cell Culture        44
• 2.4        Insect Cell Culture     44
  • 2.4.1    Overview           44
  • 2.4.2    Cell lines           45
  • 2.4.3    Process characteristics          45
  • 2.4.4    Glycosylation 45
  • 2.4.5    Commercial applications      45
  • 2.4.6    Position within industrial biomanufacturing             46
• 2.5        Transgenic Animals   46
• 2.6        Transgenic Plants        47
• 2.7        Technologies  47
  • 2.7.1    Upstream Processing               47
    • 2.7.1.1 Cell Culture     47
      • 2.7.1.1.1           Overview           47
      • 2.7.1.1.2           Types of Cell Culture Systems            47
      • 2.7.1.1.3           Factors Affecting Cell Culture Performance              48
      • 2.7.1.1.4           Advances in Cell Culture Technology             49
        • 2.7.1.1.4.1      Single-use systems   49
        • 2.7.1.1.4.2      Process analytical technology (PAT)               49
        • 2.7.1.1.4.3      Cell line development              49
  • 2.7.2    Fermentation 50
    • 2.7.2.1 Overview           50
      • 2.7.2.1.1           Types of Fermentation Processes    50
      • 2.7.2.1.2           Factors Affecting Fermentation Performance          50
      • 2.7.2.1.3           Advances in Fermentation Technology         51
        • 2.7.2.1.3.1      High-cell-density fermentation          51
        • 2.7.2.1.3.2      Continuous processing           51
        • 2.7.2.1.3.3      Metabolic engineering             52
        • 2.7.2.1.3.4      Synthetic biology applications           52
        • 2.7.2.1.3.5      Cell-free systems        52
        • 2.7.2.1.3.6      Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing      53
  • 2.7.3    Downstream Processing        54
    • 2.7.3.1 Purification      54
      • 2.7.3.1.1           Overview           54
      • 2.7.3.1.2           Types of Purification Methods            54
      • 2.7.3.1.3           Factors Affecting Purification Performance               54
      • 2.7.3.1.4           Advances in Purification Technology              55
        • 2.7.3.1.4.1      Affinity chromatography         55
        • 2.7.3.1.4.2      Membrane chromatography 55
        • 2.7.3.1.4.3      Continuous chromatography              56
        • 2.7.3.1.4.4      Downstream processing (DSP) improvements        56
        • 2.7.3.1.4.5      Tangential flow filtration (TFF) in downstream bioprocessing        57
  • 2.7.4    Formulation    58
    • 2.7.4.1 Overview           58
      • 2.7.4.1.1           Types of Formulation Methods           58
      • 2.7.4.1.2           Factors Affecting Formulation Performance             58
      • 2.7.4.1.3           Advances in Formulation Technology            59
        • 2.7.4.1.3.1      Controlled release      59
        • 2.7.4.1.3.2      Nanoparticle formulation      59
        • 2.7.4.1.3.3      3D printing       59
  • 2.7.5    Bioprocess Development      59
    • 2.7.5.1 Scale-up            59
      • 2.7.5.1.1           Overview           59
      • 2.7.5.1.2           Factors Affecting Scale-up Performance     60
      • 2.7.5.1.3           Scale-up Strategies    61
    • 2.7.5.2 Optimization  61
      • 2.7.5.2.1           Overview           61
      • 2.7.5.2.2           Factors Affecting Optimization Performance            61
      • 2.7.5.2.3           Optimization Strategies           62
      • 2.7.5.2.4           Machine learning to improve biomanufacturing processes            63
      • 2.7.5.2.5           Process intensification and high-cell-density fermentation           65
      • 2.7.5.2.6           Hybrid biotechnological-chemical approaches     67
  • 2.7.6    Analytical Methods    69
    • 2.7.6.1 Quality Control             69
      • 2.7.6.1.1           Overview           69
      • 2.7.6.1.2           Types of Quality Control Tests            69
      • 2.7.6.1.3           Factors Affecting Quality Control Performance      71
    • 2.7.6.2 Characterization          71
      • 2.7.6.2.1           Overview           71
      • 2.7.6.2.2           Types of Characterization Methods 72
      • 2.7.6.2.3           Factors Affecting Characterization Performance   73
  • 2.7.7    Synthetic Biology Tools and Techniques      74
    • 2.7.7.1 DNA synthesis              74
    • 2.7.7.2 CRISPR-Cas9 systems            75
    • 2.7.7.3 Protein/enzyme engineering 75
    • 2.7.7.4 Computer-aided design          76
    • 2.7.7.5 Strain construction and optimization            77
    • 2.7.7.6 Robotics and automation      78
    • 2.7.7.7 Artificial intelligence and machine learning              79
  • 2.7.8    Alternative Feedstocks and Sustainability 80
    • 2.7.8.1 C1 feedstocks: Metabolic pathways               80
    • 2.7.8.2 C2 feedstocks               81
    • 2.7.8.3 Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks              82
    • 2.7.8.4 Blue biotechnology feedstocks         83
    • 2.7.8.5 Routes for carbon capture in biotechnology             84
• 2.8        Scale of Production   85
  • 2.8.1    Laboratory Scale         85
    • 2.8.1.1 Overview           85
    • 2.8.1.2 Scale and Equipment               85
    • 2.8.1.3 Advantages     86
    • 2.8.1.4 Disadvantages             86
  • 2.8.2    Pilot Scale        87
    • 2.8.2.1 Overview           87
    • 2.8.2.2 Scale and Equipment               87
    • 2.8.2.3 Advantages     87
    • 2.8.2.4 Disadvantages             88
  • 2.8.3    Commercial Scale      88
    • 2.8.3.1 Overview           88
    • 2.8.3.2 Scale and Equipment               88
    • 2.8.3.3 Advantages     89
    • 2.8.3.4 Disadvantages             90
• 2.9        Mode of Operation     90
  • 2.9.1    Batch Production        90
    • 2.9.1.1 Overview           90
    • 2.9.1.2 Advantages     91
    • 2.9.1.3 Disadvantages             91
    • 2.9.1.4 Applications   92
  • 2.9.2    Fed-batch Production              92
    • 2.9.2.1 Overview           92
    • 2.9.2.2 Advantages     92
    • 2.9.2.3 Disadvantages             93
    • 2.9.2.4 Applications   93
  • 2.9.3    Continuous Production           93
    • 2.9.3.1 Overview           93
    • 2.9.3.2 Advantages     93
    • 2.9.3.3 Disadvantages             94
    • 2.9.3.4 Applications   94
    • 2.9.3.5 Key fermentation parameter comparison   94
  • 2.9.4    Downstream processing and product recovery       96
  • 2.9.5    Cell factories for biomanufacturing 96
    • 2.9.5.1 Range of organisms  98
    • 2.9.5.2 Escherichia coli (E.coli)           99
    • 2.9.5.3 Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum)     100
    • 2.9.5.4 Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) 101
    • 2.9.5.5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae)  101
    • 2.9.5.6 Yarrowia lipolytica (Y. lipolytica)        102
    • 2.9.5.7 Non-model organisms            103
  • 2.9.6    Perfusion Culture        104
    • 2.9.6.1 Overview           104
    • 2.9.6.2 Advantages     104
    • 2.9.6.3 Disadvantages             105
    • 2.9.6.4 Applications   105
    • 2.9.6.5 Perfusion bioreactors               105
  • 2.9.7    Other Modes of Operation     106
    • 2.9.7.1 Immobilized Cell Culture       106
      • 2.9.7.1.1           Immobilized enzymes              107
      • 2.9.7.1.2           Immobilized catalysts              108
    • 2.9.7.2 Two-Stage Production              109
    • 2.9.7.3 Hybrid Systems            109
• 2.10     Host Organisms          110
  • 2.10.1 Genetic stability and containment  111
• 2.11     Manufacturing capacity and contract production 112
• 2.12     Scale-up economics and the first-of-a-kind problem         112
• 2.13     Sustainability accounting and certification                113
• 2.14     Water and resource intensity              113

3             BIOPHARMACEUTICALS        115

• 3.1        Overview           115
• 3.2        Technology/materials analysis          115
  • 3.2.1    Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)         115
  • 3.2.2    Recombinant Proteins             116
  • 3.2.3    Vaccines           116
  • 3.2.4    Cell and Gene Therapies        117
  • 3.2.5    Blood Factors 118
  • 3.2.6    Tissue Engineering Products                118
  • 3.2.7    Nucleic Acid Therapeutics    119
  • 3.2.8    Peptide Therapeutics               119
  • 3.2.9    Biosimilars and Biobetters    120
  • 3.2.10 Nanobodies and Antibody Fragments           121
  • 3.2.11 Synthetic biology         121
    • 3.2.11.1            Metabolic engineering             122
      • 3.2.11.1.1        DNA synthesis              122
      • 3.2.11.1.2        CRISPR              123
        • 3.2.11.1.2.1   CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways      123
    • 3.2.11.2            Protein/Enzyme Engineering                124
    • 3.2.11.3            Strain construction and optimization            125
    • 3.2.11.4            Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering           126
    • 3.2.11.5            Smart bioprocessing 126
    • 3.2.11.6            Cell-free systems        127
    • 3.2.11.7            Chassis organisms    129
    • 3.2.11.8            Biomimetics   130
    • 3.2.11.9            Sustainable materials              131
    • 3.2.11.10         Robotics and automation      131
      • 3.2.11.10.1     Robotic cloud laboratories   132
      • 3.2.11.10.2     Automating organism design              132
      • 3.2.11.10.3     Artificial intelligence and machine learning              132
    • 3.2.11.11         Fermentation Processes        133
  • 3.2.12 Generative Biology     133
    • 3.2.12.1            Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)    135
      • 3.2.12.1.1        Variational Autoencoders (VAEs)      135
      • 3.2.12.1.2        Normalizing Flows      135
      • 3.2.12.1.3        Autoregressive Models            135
      • 3.2.12.1.4        Evolutionary Generative Models       136
    • 3.2.12.2            Design Optimization 136
      • 3.2.12.2.1        Evolutionary Algorithms (e.g., Genetic Algorithms, Evolutionary Strategies)       136
        • 3.2.12.2.1.1   Genetic Algorithms (GAs)      136
        • 3.2.12.2.1.2   Evolutionary Strategies (ES) 136
      • 3.2.12.2.2        Reinforcement Learning         137
      • 3.2.12.2.3        Multi-Objective Optimization              137
      • 3.2.12.2.4        Bayesian Optimization            137
    • 3.2.12.3            Computational Biology           138
      • 3.2.12.3.1        Molecular Dynamics Simulations    138
      • 3.2.12.3.2        Quantum Mechanical Calculations                139
      • 3.2.12.3.3        Systems Biology Modeling    139
      • 3.2.12.3.4        Metabolic Engineering Modeling       140
    • 3.2.12.4            Data-Driven Approaches       140
      • 3.2.12.4.1        Machine Learning       141
      • 3.2.12.4.2        Graph Neural Networks           141
      • 3.2.12.4.3        Unsupervised Learning           141
      • 3.2.12.4.4        Active Learning and Bayesian Optimization              142
    • 3.2.12.5            Agent-Based Modeling            142
    • 3.2.12.6            Hybrid Approaches    143
  • 3.2.13 Antibody-drug conjugates and multispecific formats         144
  • 3.2.14 Continuous and intensified biologics manufacturing         145
• 3.3        Market analysis            145
  • 3.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      145
  • 3.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   146
  • 3.3.3    Regulations     147
  • 3.3.4    Value chain     149
  • 3.3.5    Future outlook              149
  • 3.3.6    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   150
  • 3.3.7    Addressable Market Size        151
  • 3.3.8    Risks and Opportunities         151
  • 3.3.9    Global revenues           153
    • 3.3.9.1 By application market              153
    • 3.3.9.2 By regional market      154
• 3.4        Company profiles       156

4             INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES (BIOCATALYSTS)      182

• 4.1        Overview           182
  • 4.1.1    Bio-manufactured enzymes 182
• 4.2        Technology/materials analysis          183
  • 4.2.1    Detergent Enzymes    183
  • 4.2.2    Food Processing Enzymes    184
  • 4.2.3    Textile Processing Enzymes  184
  • 4.2.4    Paper and Pulp Processing Enzymes             185
  • 4.2.5    Leather Processing Enzymes               185
  • 4.2.6    Biofuel Production Enzymes                186
    • 4.2.6.1 Enzymes for lignocellulosic derived bioethanol      186
    • 4.2.6.2 Cellulases for lignocellulosic bioethanol    187
    • 4.2.6.3 Hemicellulases and synergistic enzyme cocktails                188
    • 4.2.6.4 Thermostable and extremophilic enzymes 189
    • 4.2.6.5 Cost-performance metrics for thermostable enzymes      190
  • 4.2.7    Animal Feed Enzymes              191
  • 4.2.8    Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Enzymes  192
  • 4.2.9    Waste Management and Bioremediation Enzymes              192
    • 4.2.9.1 Enzymes for plastics recycling           193
    • 4.2.9.2 Enzymatic depolymerization               194
    • 4.2.9.3 Challenges in enzymatic depolymerization               195
  • 4.2.10 Agriculture and Crop Improvement Enzymes           195
  • 4.2.11 Enzymes for Decarbonization and CO₂ Utilization 197
    • 4.2.11.1            Carbonic anhydrase in CO₂ capture technologies 199
    • 4.2.11.2            Formate dehydrogenase and CO₂-to-chemicals pathways             200
    • 4.2.11.3            Selected enzymatic approaches to CO2 capture and conversion              201
  • 4.2.12 Enzyme immobilisation          203
• 4.3        Market analysis            204
  • 4.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      204
  • 4.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   205
  • 4.3.3    Technology challenges and opportunities for industrial enzymes               206
  • 4.3.4    Economic competitiveness of enzymatic processing         207
  • 4.3.5    Regulations     208
  • 4.3.6    Value chain     209
  • 4.3.7    Future outlook              209
  • 4.3.8    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   211
  • 4.3.9    Addressable Market Size        211
  • 4.3.10 Risks and Opportunities         212
  • 4.3.11 Global revenues           212
    • 4.3.11.1            By application market              212
    • 4.3.11.2            By regional market      214
• 4.4        Company profiles       215

5             BIOFUELS        231

• 5.1        Overview           231
• 5.2        Technology/materials analysis          233
  • 5.2.1    Role in the circular economy               233
  • 5.2.2    The global biofuels market    235
  • 5.2.3    Feedstocks      235
    • 5.2.3.1 First-generation (1-G)               236
    • 5.2.3.2 Second-generation (2-G)       237
      • 5.2.3.2.1           Lignocellulosic wastes and residues             238
      • 5.2.3.2.2           Biorefinery lignin         240
    • 5.2.3.3 Third-generation (3-G)             244
      • 5.2.3.3.1           Algal biofuels 244
        • 5.2.3.3.1.1      Properties         245
        • 5.2.3.3.1.2      Advantages     245
    • 5.2.3.4 Fourth-generation (4-G)          246
    • 5.2.3.5 Advantages and disadvantages, by generation        247
  • 5.2.4    Bioethanol       248
    • 5.2.4.1 First-generation bioethanol (from sugars and starches)    248
    • 5.2.4.2 Second-generation bioethanol (from lignocellulosic biomass)   248
    • 5.2.4.3 Third-generation bioethanol (from algae)    249
  • 5.2.5    Biodiesel           249
    • 5.2.5.1 Biodiesel by generation           249
    • 5.2.5.2 Production of biodiesel and other biofuels 250
      • 5.2.5.2.1           Pyrolysis of biomass 251
      • 5.2.5.2.2           Vegetable oil transesterification       254
      • 5.2.5.2.3           Vegetable oil hydrogenation (HVO)  255
        • 5.2.5.2.3.1      Production process   255
      • 5.2.5.2.4           Biodiesel from tall oil                257
      • 5.2.5.2.5           Fischer-Tropsch BioDiesel     257
      • 5.2.5.2.6           Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass         260
      • 5.2.5.2.7           CO2 capture and Fischer-Tropsch (FT)          260
      • 5.2.5.2.8           Dymethyl ether (DME)              261
    • 5.2.5.3 Prices  261
    • 5.2.5.4 Global production and consumption            262
  • 5.2.6    Biogas 263
    • 5.2.6.1 Feedstocks      265
    • 5.2.6.2 Biomethane    266
      • 5.2.6.2.1           Production pathways                268
        • 5.2.6.2.1.1      Landfill gas recovery 268
        • 5.2.6.2.1.2      Anaerobic digestion  268
        • 5.2.6.2.1.3      Thermal gasification 269
    • 5.2.6.3 Global production      270
    • 5.2.6.4 Prices  270
      • 5.2.6.4.1           Raw Biogas     270
      • 5.2.6.4.2           Upgraded Biomethane            271
    • 5.2.6.5 Bio-LNG             271
      • 5.2.6.5.1           Markets              271
        • 5.2.6.5.1.1      Trucks 271
        • 5.2.6.5.1.2      Marine 271
      • 5.2.6.5.2           Plants 271
    • 5.2.6.6 bio-CNG (compressed natural gas derived from biogas)  272
    • 5.2.6.7 Carbon capture from biogas               272
    • 5.2.6.8 Biosyngas        273
      • 5.2.6.8.1           Production       273
      • 5.2.6.8.2           Prices  274
  • 5.2.7    Biobutanol      274
    • 5.2.7.1 Production       276
    • 5.2.7.2 Prices  276
  • 5.2.8    Biohydrogen   277
    • 5.2.8.1 Description     277
      • 5.2.8.1.1           Dark fermentation      277
      • 5.2.8.1.2           Photofermentation     278
      • 5.2.8.1.3           Biophotolysis (direct and indirect)   278
        • 5.2.8.1.3.1      Direct Biophotolysis: 278
        • 5.2.8.1.3.2      Indirect Biophotolysis:            279
    • 5.2.8.2 Production of biohydrogen from biomass  280
      • 5.2.8.2.1           Biological Conversion Routes             280
        • 5.2.8.2.1.1      Bio-photochemical Reaction              280
        • 5.2.8.2.1.2      Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion        281
      • 5.2.8.2.2           Thermochemical conversion routes               281
        • 5.2.8.2.2.1      Biomass Gasification               281
        • 5.2.8.2.2.2      Biomass Pyrolysis      281
        • 5.2.8.2.2.3      Biomethane Reforming           282
    • 5.2.8.3 Applications   282
    • 5.2.8.4 Prices  283
  • 5.2.9    Biomethanol  283
    • 5.2.9.1 Gasification-based biomethanol     283
    • 5.2.9.2 Biosynthesis-based biomethanol    284
    • 5.2.9.3 Methanol-to gasoline technology     284
      • 5.2.9.3.1           Production processes              285
        • 5.2.9.3.1.1      Anaerobic digestion  286
        • 5.2.9.3.1.2      Biomass gasification 286
        • 5.2.9.3.1.3      Power to Methane       287
  • 5.2.10 Bio-oil and Biochar    287
    • 5.2.10.1            Pyrolysis-based bio-oil            288
    • 5.2.10.2            Hydrothermal liquefaction-based bio-oil    288
    • 5.2.10.3            Biochar from pyrolysis and gasification processes               289
    • 5.2.10.4            Advantages of bio-oils             290
    • 5.2.10.5            Production       292
      • 5.2.10.5.1        Fast Pyrolysis 292
      • 5.2.10.5.2        Costs of production  292
      • 5.2.10.5.3        Upgrading        292
    • 5.2.10.6            Applications   293
    • 5.2.10.7            Bio-oil producers         294
    • 5.2.10.8            Prices  294
      • 5.2.10.8.1        Biochar co-product economics         295
      • 5.2.10.8.2        Biochar in anaerobic digestion          296
  • 5.2.11 Renewable Diesel and Jet Fuel           296
    • 5.2.11.1            Renewable diesel        296
      • 5.2.11.1.1        Production       296
      • 5.2.11.1.2        Global consumption 297
      • 5.2.11.1.3        Prices  298
    • 5.2.11.2            Bio-aviation fuel (bio-jet fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, renewable jet fuel or aviation biofuel)              298
      • 5.2.11.2.1        Description     298
      • 5.2.11.2.2        SWOT analysis              300
      • 5.2.11.2.3        Global production and consumption            301
      • 5.2.11.2.4        Production pathways                301
      • 5.2.11.2.5        Prices  302
      • 5.2.11.2.6        Bio-aviation fuel production capacities       303
      • 5.2.11.2.7        Challenges      303
      • 5.2.11.2.8        Global consumption 304
  • 5.2.12 Algal biofuels 304
    • 5.2.12.1            Conversion pathways               304
    • 5.2.12.2            SWOT analysis              305
    • 5.2.12.3            Production       306
    • 5.2.12.4            Market challenges      307
    • 5.2.12.5            Prices  308
    • 5.2.12.6            Producers         309
  • 5.2.13 Power-to-liquids and e-fuels                309
    • 5.2.13.1            The regulatory driver  310
  • 5.2.14 Marine fuels    310
    • 5.2.14.1            Comparison with biological pathways          311
• 5.3        Market analysis            312
  • 5.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      312
  • 5.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   314
  • 5.3.3    Regulations     315
  • 5.3.4    Value chain     316
  • 5.3.5    Future outlook              317
  • 5.3.6    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   318
  • 5.3.7    Addressable Market Size        320
  • 5.3.8    Risks and Opportunities         320
  • 5.3.9    Global revenues           321
    • 5.3.9.1 By biofuel type               321
    • 5.3.9.2 Applications Market  322
    • 5.3.9.3 By regional market      323
• 5.4        Company profiles       325

6             BIOPLASTICS 363

• 6.1        Overview           363
• 6.2        Technology/materials analysis          364
  • 6.2.1    Polylactic acid (PLA) 364
  • 6.2.2    Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)          366
    • 6.2.2.1 Types   367
    • 6.2.2.2 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)   371
    • 6.2.2.3 Polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV)    371
  • 6.2.3    Bio-based polyethylene (PE)                372
  • 6.2.4    Bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET)             373
  • 6.2.5    Bio-based polyurethanes (PUs)         374
  • 6.2.6    Starch-based plastics              375
  • 6.2.7    Cellulose-based plastics       376
  • 6.2.8    End-of-life pathways and recycling interaction       377
• 6.3        Market analysis            377
  • 6.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      377
  • 6.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   379
  • 6.3.3    Regulations     380
  • 6.3.4    Value chain     381
  • 6.3.5    Future outlook              382
  • 6.3.6    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   383
  • 6.3.7    Addressable Market Size        385
  • 6.3.8    Risks and Opportunities         385
  • 6.3.9    Global revenues           386
    • 6.3.9.1 By type                386
    • 6.3.9.2 By application market              387
    • 6.3.9.3 By regional market      388
• 6.4        Company profiles       390

7             BIOCHEMICALS           463

• 7.1        Overview           463
• 7.2        Bio-based feedstocks              464
  • 7.2.1    Organic acids 468
    • 7.2.1.1 Lactic acid       468
      • 7.2.1.1.1           D-lactic acid   468
      • 7.2.1.1.2           L-lactic acid    468
    • 7.2.1.2 Succinic acid 469
    • 7.2.1.3 Itaconic acid  470
    • 7.2.1.4 Citric acid        471
    • 7.2.1.5 Acetic acid      472
    • 7.2.1.6 Malonic acid   472
  • 7.2.2    Amino acids   473
    • 7.2.2.1 Glutamic acid                473
    • 7.2.2.2 Lysine 473
    • 7.2.2.3 Threonine         475
    • 7.2.2.4 Methionine      475
    • 7.2.2.5 Vitamins produced using biotechnology     476
      • 7.2.2.5.1           Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)            477
      • 7.2.2.5.2           Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)      477
      • 7.2.2.5.3           Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)      478
      • 7.2.2.5.4           Vitamin B7 (Biotin)     479
      • 7.2.2.5.5           Vitamin B3 (Niacin  Nicotinic Acid)  479
      • 7.2.2.5.6           Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid  Folate)            480
  • 7.2.3    Alcohols            481
    • 7.2.3.1 Ethanol              481
    • 7.2.3.2 Butanol              481
    • 7.2.3.3 Isobutanol       482
    • 7.2.3.4 Propanediol    483
  • 7.2.4    Surfactants     484
    • 7.2.4.1 Biosurfactants (e.g., rhamnolipids, sophorolipids)              484
      • 7.2.4.1.1           Rhamnolipids 485
      • 7.2.4.1.2           Sophorolipids                486
      • 7.2.4.1.3           Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs)      487
      • 7.2.4.1.4           Cellobiose lipids          488
      • 7.2.4.1.5           Designer glycolipids and lipopeptides via synthetic biology           489
    • 7.2.4.2 Alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) 490
  • 7.2.5    Solvents            491
    • 7.2.5.1 Ethyl lactate    491
    • 7.2.5.2 Dimethyl carbonate   491
    • 7.2.5.3 Glycerol             492
  • 7.2.6    Flavours and fragrances         492
    • 7.2.6.1 Vanillin               492
    • 7.2.6.2 Nootkatone     493
    • 7.2.6.3 Limonene         494
    • 7.2.6.4 Bio-manufactured fragrances and aromatics          496
    • 7.2.6.5 Biotech-derived fragrance precursors           496
    • 7.2.6.6 Ambroxan        497
    • 7.2.6.7 Flavour enhancers      498
    • 7.2.6.8 Disodium Inosinate (IMP)      499
    • 7.2.6.9 Disodium Guanylate (GMP)  500
    • 7.2.6.10            Monatin             501
  • 7.2.7    Bio-based monomers and intermediates    501
    • 7.2.7.1 Succinic acid 501
    • 7.2.7.2 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)              502
    • 7.2.7.3 Isoprene            504
    • 7.2.7.4 Ethylene            504
    • 7.2.7.5 Propylene         505
    • 7.2.7.6 Adipic acid      506
    • 7.2.7.7 Acrylic acid     507
    • 7.2.7.8 Sebacic acid  508
    • 7.2.7.9 C12: Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)    509
    • 7.2.7.10            1,5-Pentanediamine (PDA)   509
  • 7.2.8    Bio-based polymers  509
    • 7.2.8.1 Polybutylene succinate (PBS)             509
    • 7.2.8.2 Polyamides (nylons)  511
    • 7.2.8.3 Polyethylene furanoate (PEF)              511
    • 7.2.8.4 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)            512
    • 7.2.8.5 Polyethylene isosorbide terephthalate (PEIT)           514
      • 7.2.8.5.1           Overview           514
      • 7.2.8.5.2           Applications   515
  • 7.2.9    Bio-based composites and blends  515
    • 7.2.9.1 Wood-plastic composites (WPCs)  515
    • 7.2.9.2 Biofiller-reinforced plastics  516
    • 7.2.9.3 Biofiber-reinforced plastics  517
    • 7.2.9.4 Polymer blends with bio-based components           518
  • 7.2.10 Beauty and Personal Care Chemicals           519
    • 7.2.10.1            Hyaluronic acid production  519
    • 7.2.10.2            Squalene and Squalane alternatives              520
    • 7.2.10.3            Collagen           521
    • 7.2.10.4            Bio-based UV filters and photoprotective compounds      522
    • 7.2.10.5            Melanin             523
    • 7.2.10.6            Emollients       524
  • 7.2.11 Waste 525
    • 7.2.11.1            Food waste      525
    • 7.2.11.2            Agricultural waste       526
    • 7.2.11.3            Forestry waste               527
    • 7.2.11.4            Aquaculturefishing waste      527
    • 7.2.11.5            Municipal solid waste              528
    • 7.2.11.6            Industrial waste           528
    • 7.2.11.7            Waste oils        528
  • 7.2.12 Microbial and mineral sources           529
    • 7.2.12.1            Microalgae      529
    • 7.2.12.2            Macroalgae     529
    • 7.2.12.3            Cyanobacteria              530
    • 7.2.12.4            Mineral sources            531
  • 7.2.13 Precision fermentation and alternative proteins    532
  • 7.2.14 Other Bio-manufactured Products  533
    • 7.2.14.1            Cement alternatives from biomanufacturing           533
    • 7.2.14.2            Precision fermentation products      535
• 7.3        Market analysis            536
  • 7.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      536
    • 7.3.1.1 Company landscape in specialty chemicals biotechnology          538
    • 7.3.1.2 Bio-manufactured beauty ingredient production capacities          538
  • 7.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   541
    • 7.3.2.1 Trends and drivers in biotechnology               542
    • 7.3.2.2 Government support of biotechnology         542
    • 7.3.2.3 Carbon taxes  545
  • 7.3.3    Regulations     546
  • 7.3.4    Value chain     547
    • 7.3.4.1 Economic viability factors     548
    • 7.3.4.2 Effect of feedstock prices      549
    • 7.3.4.3 Scale-up effects on cost        550
  • 7.3.5    Future outlook              551
  • 7.3.6    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   552
  • 7.3.7    Addressable Market Size        553
  • 7.3.8    Risks and Opportunities         554
  • 7.3.9    Major market challenges        554
  • 7.3.10 Technical challenges 555
  • 7.3.11 Global revenues           556
    • 7.3.11.1            By type                556
    • 7.3.11.2            By application market              557
    • 7.3.11.3            By regional market      558
• 7.4        Company profiles       560

8             BIO-AGRITECH             579

• 8.1        Overview           579
• 8.2        Technology & materials analysis      580
  • 8.2.1    Biopesticides 580
    • 8.2.1.1 Semiochemical            581
    • 8.2.1.2 Macrobial Biological Control Agents              581
    • 8.2.1.3 Microbial pesticides  584
    • 8.2.1.4 Biochemical pesticides          584
    • 8.2.1.5 Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)           585
  • 8.2.2    Biofertilizers   586
  • 8.2.3    Biostimulants 587
    • 8.2.3.1 Microbial biostimulants         587
      • 8.2.3.1.1           Nitrogen Fixation         589
      • 8.2.3.1.2           Formulation Challenges         590
    • 8.2.3.2 Natural Product Biostimulants          590
    • 8.2.3.3 Manipulating the Microbiome             593
    • 8.2.3.4 Synthetic Biology        594
    • 8.2.3.5 Non-microbial biostimulants             595
  • 8.2.4    Agricultural Enzymes                596
    • 8.2.4.1 Types of Agricultural Enzymes            596
  • 8.2.5    RNA-based biopesticides and semiochemicals     598
• 8.3        Market analysis            599
  • 8.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      599
  • 8.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   600
  • 8.3.3    Regulations     601
  • 8.3.4    Value chain     602
  • 8.3.5    Future outlook              602
  • 8.3.6    Addressable Market Size        603
  • 8.3.7    Risks and Opportunities         604
  • 8.3.8    Global revenues           604
    • 8.3.8.1 By application market              604
    • 8.3.8.2 By regional market      605
• 8.4        Company profiles       607

9             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY              627

10          REFERENCES 628

List of Tables

• Table 1. Biomanufacturing revolutions and representative products.      29
• Table 2. Industrial Biomanufacturing categories.  30
• Table 3. Overview of Biomanufacturing Processes.             31
• Table 4. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing   32
• Table 5. Key Components of Industrial Biomanufacturing.             33
• Table 6. Colours of biotechnology.  34
• Table 7. AI and Robotics Applications in Biomanufacturing           40
• Table 8. Advanced Technologies in Biomanufacturing Applications.       42
• Table 9. Types of Cell Culture Systems.       48
• Table 10. Factors Affecting Cell Culture Performance.      49
• Table 11. Types of Fermentation Processes.             50
• Table 12. Factors Affecting Fermentation Performance.   51
• Table 13. Advances in Fermentation Technology.   51
• Table 14. Continuous vs Batch Biomanufacturing Comparison. 53
• Table 15. Types of Purification Methods in Downstream Processing.       54
• Table 16. Factors Affecting Purification Performance.        54
• Table 17. Advances in Purification Technology.       55
• Table 18. Downstream Processing Technology Improvements.    57
• Table 19. TFF Applications in Downstream Processing.    57
• Table 20. Common formulation methods used in biomanufacturing.     58
• Table 21. Factors Affecting Formulation Performance.      58
• Table 22. Advances in Formulation Technology.     59
• Table 23. Factors Affecting Scale-up Performance in Biomanufacturing.             60
• Table 24. Scale-up Strategies in Biomanufacturing.            61
• Table 25. Factors Affecting Optimization Performance in Biomanufacturing.    62
• Table 26. Optimization Strategies in Biomanufacturing.   62
• Table 27. Machine Learning Applications in Biomanufacturing   64
• Table 28. High-Cell-Density Fermentation Parameters and Targets.         65
• Table 29. Hybrid Biotechnological-Chemical Process Applications.        67
• Table 30. Types of Quality Control Tests in Biomanufacturing.     69
• Table 31. Factors Affecting Quality Control Performance in Biomanufacturing 71
• Table 32. Types of Characterization Methods in Biomanufacturing.         72
• Table 33. Factors Affecting Characterization Performance in Biomanufacturing             73
• Table 34. DNA Synthesis Technologies and Capabilities. 74
• Table 35. CRISPR-Cas9 Applications in Biomanufacturing.           75
• Table 36. Protein Engineering Strategies and Applications.             76
• Table 37. Computer-Aided Design Tools in Biotechnology.              77
• Table 38. Strain Engineering Strategies and Targets.            78
• Table 39. Automation Applications in Biotechnology.         79
• Table 40. AI/ML Applications in Biomanufacturing Systems.         80
• Table 41. C1 Feedstock Utilization Pathways and Characteristics.            81
• Table 42. C2 Feedstock Processing and Applications.       81
• Table 43. Lignocellulosic Biomass Processing Technologies.        82
• Table 44. Blue Biotechnology Feedstock Characteristics and Applications.       83
• Table 45. Carbon Capture and Utilization Pathways in Biotechnology.   85
• Table 46. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes.              91
• Table 47. Key fermentation parameter comparison             94
• Table 48. Downstream processing cost share by product class   96
• Table 49. Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing.   97
• Table 50. Organism Categories and Production Capabilities.       98
• Table 51. E. coli Characteristics for Biomanufacturing Applications.      99
• Table 52. C. glutamicum Production Capabilities and Characteristics.  100
• Table 53. B. subtilis Production Systems and Applications.           101
• Table 54. S. cerevisiae Capabilities and Industrial Applications. 102
• Table 55. Y. lipolytica Production Capabilities and Process Parameters.               103
• Table 56. Non-Model Organisms and Specialized Applications. 104
• Table 57. Perfusion Bioreactor Technologies and Performance.  106
• Table 58. Enzyme Immobilization Methods and Characteristics. 107
• Table 59. Immobilized Catalyst Systems and Applications.            108
• Table 60. Comparison of Modes of Operation.        109
• Table 61. Host organisms commonly used in biomanufacturing.               110
• Table 62. Types of biopharmaceuticals.      115
• Table 63. Types of Monoclonal Antibodies. 116
• Table 64. Types of Recombinant Proteins.  116
• Table 65. Types of biopharma vaccines.      117
• Table 66. Types of Cell and Gene Therapies              117
• Table 67. Types of Blood Factors.     118
• Table 68. Types of Tissue Engineering Products.     118
• Table 69. Types of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics.         119
• Table 70. Types of Peptide Therapeutics.    120
• Table 71. Types of Biosimilars and Biobetters.         120
• Table 72. Types of Nanobodies and Antibody Fragments. 121
• Table 73. Types of Synthetic Biology Applications in Biopharmaceuticals.          121
• Table 74. Engineered proteins in industrial applications. 125
• Table 75. Cell-free versus cell-based systems         128
• Table 76. White biotechnology fermentation processes.  133
• Table 77. Key players in biopharmaceuticals.          145
• Table 78. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Biopharmaceuticals.      146
• Table 79. Biopharmaceuticals Regulations.              147
• Table 80. Value chain: Biopharmaceuticals.            149
• Table 81. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biopharmaceuticals.          150
• Table 82. Addressable market size for biopharmaceuticals.          151
• Table 83. Risks and Opportunities in biopharmaceuticals.             151
• Table 84. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.                153
• Table 85. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.    154
• Table 86. Biopharmaceuticals company profiles. 156
• Table 87. Types of industrial enzymes.          182
• Table 88. Types of Detergent Enzymes.        183
• Table 89. Types of Food Processing Enzymes           184
• Table 90. Types of Textile Processing Enzymes.      184
• Table 91. Types of Paper and Pulp Processing Enzymes.  185
• Table 92. Types of Leather Processing Enzymes.   185
• Table 93. Types of Biofuel Production Enzymes.     186
• Table 94. Lignocellulosic Enzyme Systems and Performance.      187
• Table 95. Cellulase Component Functions and Characteristics. 188
• Table 96. Hemicellulase Systems and Substrate Specificity.         189
• Table 97. Thermostable Enzyme Sources and Characteristics.    190
• Table 98. Thermostable Enzyme Economic Analysis Framework.               191
• Table 99. Types of Animal Feed Enzymes.   191
• Table 100. Types of Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Enzymes.    192
• Table 101. Types of Waste Management and Bioremediation Enzymes. 192
• Table 102. Enzymes for Plastics Recycling Applications.  194
• Table 103. Challenges in Enzymatic Depolymerization.     195
• Table 104. Types of Agriculture and Crop Improvement Enzymes.             196
• Table 105. Comparison of enzyme types.    196
• Table 106. Enzymes for Decarbonization and CO₂ Utilization.      198
• Table 107. Carbonic Anhydrase Applications in CO₂ Capture.      200
• Table 108. Formate Dehydrogenase Systems for CO₂ Conversion.            201
• Table 109. Enzymatic approaches to CO₂ capture and conversion            202
• Table 110. Enzymatic CO₂ Capture and Conversion Technologies.            203
• Table 111. Key players in industrial enzymes.          204
• Table 112. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in industrial enzymes.       205
• Table 113. Technology Challenges and Opportunities for Industrial Enzymes.  206
• Table 114. Industrial enzymes Regulations.              208
• Table 115. Value chain: Industrial enzymes.             209
• Table 116. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biocatalysts.          211
• Table 117. Addressable market size for industrial enzymes.          211
• Table 118. Risks and Opportunities in industrial enzymes.             212
• Table 119. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.                213
• Table 120. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.     214
• Table 121. Industrial Enzymes Company Profiles. 215
• Table 122. Types of biofuel, by generation. 231
• Table 123. Comparison of biofuels. 234
• Table 124. Classification of biomass feedstock.    235
• Table 125. Biorefinery feedstocks.   236
• Table 126. Feedstock conversion pathways.             236
• Table 127. First-Generation Feedstocks.     236
• Table 128. Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities.              239
• Table 129. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins.              240
• Table 130. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes  240
• Table 131. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol.   242
• Table 132. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae.       245
• Table 133. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops.            246
• Table 134. Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels, by generation.    247
• Table 135. Biodiesel by generation. 249
• Table 136. Biodiesel production techniques.            250
• Table 137. Summary of pyrolysis technique under different operating conditions.         251
• Table 138. Biomass materials and their bio-oil yield.          253
• Table 139. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process.              254
• Table 140. Properties of vegetable oils in comparison to diesel.  255
• Table 141. Main producers of HVO and capacities.              256
• Table 142. Commercial development of BtL processes     258
• Table 143. Pilot or demo projects for biomass to liquid (BtL) processes.               259
• Table 144.Biodiesel (B20) average prices, current and historical, USD/litre.        261
• Table 145. Global biodiesel consumption, 2010–2037 (M litres/year)      262
• Table 146. Biogas and biomethane feedstock          265
• Table 147. Existing and planned bio-LNG production plants.        271
• Table 148. Methods for capturing carbon dioxide from biogas.    272
• Table 149. Total syngas market by product 273
• Table 150. Biosyngas price ranges by application: 274
• Table 151. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways.             280
• Table 152. Markets and applications for biohydrogen.       282
• Table 153. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas. 285
• Table 154. Summary of applications of biochar in energy.               290
• Table 155. Typical composition and physicochemical properties reported for bio-oils and heavy petroleum-derived oils.          291
• Table 156. Properties and characteristics of pyrolysis liquids derived from biomass versus a fuel oil.                291
• Table 157. Main techniques used to upgrade bio-oil into higher-quality fuels.   293
• Table 158. Markets and applications for bio-oil.     293
• Table 159. Bio-oil producers.              294
• Table 160. Global renewable diesel consumption, 2010-2037 (M litres/year).   297
• Table 161. Renewable diesel price ranges  298
• Table 162. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel.   299
• Table 163. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel.        302
• Table 164. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities. 303
• Table 165. Global bio-jet fuel consumption, 2019–2037 (million litres/year)       304
• Table 166. production cost estimates and projections      308
• Table 167. Algae-derived biofuel producers.             309
• Table 168. Comparison with biological pathways  311
• Table 169. Power-to-liquids and e-fuels Companies           311
• Table 170. Key players in biofuels.   313
• Table 171. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in biofuels.               314
• Table 172. Biofuels Regulations.       315
• Table 173. Value chain: Biofuels.      316
• Table 174. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biofuels.   318
• Table 175. Addressable market size, billions USD 320
• Table 176. Risks and Opportunities in biofuels       320
• Table 177. Global revenues for biofuels, by type (2020-2037), billions USD.       321
• Table 178. Global Revenues for Biofuels, by Applications Market (2020-2037), billions USD. 322
• Table 179. Global revenues for biofuels, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.             323
• Table 180. Biofuels Company Profiles.         325
• Table 181. Types of bioplastics:        363
• Table 182. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.  365
• Table 183. Types of PHAs and properties.   368
• Table 184. Commercially available PHAs.  369
• Table 185. Markets and applications for PHAs.       370
• Table 186. Bio-based Polyethylene (Bio-PE) market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and       372
• Table 187. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) market analysis- manufacture, advantages,                373
• Table 188. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) producers and production capacities               374
• Table 189. Key players in Bioplastics.            378
• Table 190. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Bioplastics.        379
• Table 191. Bioplastics Market Restraints and counter-trends        380
• Table 192. Bioplastics Regulations. 380
• Table 193. Value chain: Bioplastics.               381
• Table 194. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Bioplastics.            383
• Table 195. Addressable market size for Bioplastics (Values in billions USD)       385
• Table 196. Risks and Opportunities in Bioplastics.              385
• Table 197. Global revenues for bioplastics, by type (2020-2037), billions USD. 386
• Table 198. Global revenues for bioplastics, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.            387
• Table 199. Global revenues for bioplastics, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.      388
• Table 200. Bioplastics Company Profiles.  390
• Table 201. Types of biochemicals.   463
• Table 202. Plant-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced.               464
• Table 203. Waste-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced.            465
• Table 204. Microbial and mineral-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced.         466
• Table 205. Biobased feedstock sources for Succinic acid.              469
• Table 206. Applications of succinic acid.    470
• Table 207. Biobased feedstock sources for itaconic acid.               470
• Table 208. Applications of bio-based itaconic acid.            471
• Table 209. Feedstock Sources for Citric Acid Production.               471
• Table 210. Applications of Citric Acid.           471
• Table 211. Feedstock Sources for Acetic Acid Production.             472
• Table 212. Applications of Acetic Acid.         472
• Table 213. Feedstock Sources for Acetic Acid Production.             473
• Table 214. Applications of Acetic Acid.         473
• Table 215. Common lysine sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals.      474
• Table 216. Applications of lysine as a feedstock for biochemicals.           474
• Table 217. Feedstock Sources for Threonine Production. 475
• Table 218. Applications of Threonine.           475
• Table 219. Feedstock Sources for Methionine Production.             475
• Table 220. Applications of Methionine.        476
• Table 221. Vitamins Produced Using Biotechnology.          476
• Table 222. Biobased feedstock sources for ethanol.           481
• Table 223. Applications of bio-based ethanol.        481
• Table 224. Feedstock Sources for Butanol Production.     482
• Table 225. Applications of Butanol. 482
• Table 226. Biobased feedstock sources for isobutanol.    482
• Table 227. Applications of bio-based isobutanol. 483
• Table 228. Applications of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO).             483
• Table 229. Types of Biosurfactants. 484
• Table 230. Feedstock Sources for Biosurfactant Production          484
• Table 231. Applications of Biosurfactants  484
• Table 232. Rhamnolipid Production and Application Characteristics.     485
• Table 233. Sophorolipid Types and Application Properties.             487
• Table 234. Mannosylerythritol Lipid Variants and Properties.        488
• Table 235. Cellobiose Lipid Development and Applications.         488
• Table 236. Designer Biosurfactant Engineering Strategies               490
• Table 237. Feedstock Sources for APG Production               490
• Table 238. Applications of Alkyl Polyglucosides (APGs)     490
• Table 239. Feedstock Sources for Ethyl Lactate Production.         491
• Table 240. Applications of Ethyl Lactate.     491
• Table 241. Feedstock Sources for Dimethyl Carbonate Production           491
• Table 242. Applications of Dimethyl Carbonate      492
• Table 243. Markets and applications for bio-based glycerol.          492
• Table 244. Bio-manufactured Fragrances and Aromatics.               496
• Table 245. Biotech-derived Fragrance Precursors.                497
• Table 246. Bio-manufactured Enhancers.  499
• Table 247. Feedstock Sources for Succinic Acid Production          502
• Table 248. Applications of Succinic Acid.   502
• Table 249. Applications of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol (BDO).        502
• Table 250. Bio-BDO producers.         503
• Table 251. Feedstock Sources for Isoprene Production.   504
• Table 252. Applications of Isoprene.              504
• Table 253. Applications of bio-based ethylene.       505
• Table 254. Applications of bio-based propylene.   505
• Table 255. Applications of bio-based adipic acid. 506
• Table 256. Applications of bio-based acrylic acid.                507
• Table 257. Applications of sebacic acid       508
• Table 258. Bio-PBS market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.      510
• Table 259. Leading PBS producers and production capacities.   510
• Table 260. Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.  511
• Table 261. FDCA and PEF producers.            512
• Table 262. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and    513
• Table 263. Production capacities of Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), by leading producers.       514
• Table 264. Types of Wood-Plastic Composites (WPCs).    516
• Table 265. Types of Biofiber-Reinforced Plastics.  517
• Table 266. Types of Polymer Blends with Bio-based Components.           519
• Table 267. Hyaluronic Acid Production Parameters and Applications     520
• Table 268. SqualeneSqualane Production Methods and Characteristics.            521
• Table 269. Collagen Production Systems and Applications.          522
• Table 270. Bio-based UV Filter Compounds and Characteristics.              523
• Table 271. Melanin Production and Application Parameters.        524
• Table 272. Bio-manufactured Emollient Categories and Properties.         525
• Table 273. Mineral source products and applications.       531
• Table 274. Cement alternatives from biomanufacturing  534
• Table 275. Precision Fermentation Products.           535
• Table 276. Key players in Biochemicals.      536
• Table 277. Bio-manufactured Beauty Ingredient Production Capacities                539
• Table 278. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Biochemicals.  541
• Table 279. Trends and Drivers in Biotechnology.    542
• Table 280. Government Support of Biotechnology.              543
• Table 281. Biochemicals Regulations.          546
• Table 282. Value chain: Biochemicals.         547
• Table 283. Economic Viability Assessment Framework.   549
• Table 284. Feedstock Price Impact Analysis for Biotechnology Production.        550
• Table 285. Scale-up Cost Impact Analysis.               551
• Table 286. Addressable market size for Biochemicals.      553
• Table 287. Risks and Opportunities in Biochemicals.         554
• Table 288. Market Challenge Assessment and Mitigation Strategies.       555
• Table 289. Technical Challenge Assessment and Solutions.         556
• Table 290. Global revenues for biochemicals, by type (2020-2037), billions USD.          556
• Table 291. Global revenues for biochemicals, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.       557
• Table 292. Global revenues for biochemicals, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD. 558
• Table 293. Biochemicals Company Profiles.             560
• Table 294. Bio-agritech categories. 579
• Table 295. Biopesticides: Pros and Cons.   580
• Table 296. Semiochemicals: Advantages and Disadvantages.    581
• Table 297. Macrobial biological control agents       582
• Table 298. Biological Pest Control: Advantages and Disadvantages.       582
• Table 299. Global regulations on biopesticides.     583
• Table 300. Main types of microbial pesticides.        584
• Table 301. Main types of biochemical pesticides. 585
• Table 302. Main types of biofertilizers.          586
• Table 303. Types of Microbial Biostimulants.           591
• Table 304. Main types of non-microbial biostimulants.     595
• Table 305. Types of Agricultural Enzymes   596
• Table 306. Key players in Bio Agritech.          599
• Table 307. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Bio Agritech        600
• Table 308. Bio Agritech Regulations.              601
• Table 309. Value chain: Bio Agritech.             602
• Table 310. Addressable market size for Bio Agritech.          603
• Table 311. Risks and Opportunities in Bio Agritech.             604
• Table 312. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.                604
• Table 313. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.                606
• Table 314. Bio agritech Company Profiles. 607

List of Figures

• Figure 1. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing.           124
• Figure 2. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering. 127
• Figure 3. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems.      129
• Figure 4. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis.     130
• Figure 5. The design-make-test-learn loop of generative biology.                134
• Figure 6. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.                154
• Figure 7. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.     155
• Figure 8. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.                213
• Figure 9. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.        214
• Figure 10. Flow chart for biodiesel production.       254
• Figure 11. Biogas and biomethane pathways.          264
• Figure 12. Overview of biogas utilization.    266
• Figure 13. Biogas and biomethane pathways.          268
• Figure 14. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.   269
• Figure 15. Schematic overview of biomass gasification for biomethane production.    270
• Figure 16. Properties of petrol and biobutanol.       275
• Figure 17. Biobutanol production route.      275
• Figure 18. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks.       285
• Figure 19. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading.        286
• Figure 20. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation.               287
• Figure 21. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process.  287
• Figure 22. Bio-oil upgrading/fractionation techniques.      293
• Figure 23. SWOT analysis for Bio-aviation fuel.       301
• Figure 24. Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels.     305
• Figure 25. SWOT analysis for algae-derived biofuels.         306
• Figure 26. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production.      307
• Figure 27. Global revenues for biofuels, by type (2020-2037), billions USD.        322
• Figure 28. Global Revenues for Biofuels, by Applications Market (2020-2037), billions USD.  323
• Figure 29. Global revenues for biofuels, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.              324
• Figure 30. PHA family.              368
• Figure 31. Global revenues for bioplastics, by type (2020-2037), billions USD. 387
• Figure 32. Global revenues for bioplastics, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.             388
• Figure 33. lobal revenues for bioplastics, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.           389
• Figure 34. Schematic of biorefinery processes.      467
• Figure 35. Production capacities of PEF and FDCA               512
• Figure 36. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biochemicals.        553
• Figure 37. Global revenues for biochemicals, by type (2020-2037), billions USD.           557
• Figure 38. Global revenues for biochemicals, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.        558
• Figure 39. Global revenues for biochemicals, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.  559
• Figure 40. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.                605
• Figure 41. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.                606

The Global Industrial Biomanufacturing Market 2027-2037

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The Global Industrial Biomanufacturing Market 2027-2037

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