The Global Advanced Chemical Recycling Market 2026-2040

1             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY            23

• 1.1        Market Overview          23
• 1.2        Technology Landscape           23
• 1.3        Market Drivers and Growth Catalysts            24
• 1.4        Market Challenges and Constraints               25
• 1.5        End-Use Applications              25
• 1.6        Regional Market Dynamics   26
• 1.7        Supply Chain and Infrastructure Requirements      27
• 1.8        Emerging Technologies            28
• 1.9        Market Scenarios and Outlook          28
• 1.10     Sustainability Assessment   29

2             CLASSIFICATION OF RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES             31

3             INTRODUCTION          32

• 3.1        Global production of plastics             32
• 3.2        The importance of plastic      32
• 3.3        Issues with plastics use          33
• 3.4        Bio-based or renewable plastics      33
  • 3.4.1    Drop-in bio-based plastics   33
  • 3.4.2    Novel bio-based plastics       34
• 3.5        Biodegradable and compostable plastics  35
• 3.5.1    Biodegradability          35
• 3.5.2    Compostability            36
• 3.6        Plastic pollution           36
• 3.7        Policy and regulations              37
• 3.8        The circular economy               38
• 3.9        Plastic recycling           39
  • 3.9.1    Mechanical recycling                42
    • 3.9.1.1 Closed-loop mechanical recycling  42
    • 3.9.1.2 Open-loop mechanical recycling      42
    • 3.9.1.3 Polymer types, use, and recovery     43
  • 3.9.2    Advanced recycling (molecular recycling, chemical recycling)     43
    • 3.9.2.1 Main streams of plastic waste            44
    • 3.9.2.2 Comparison of mechanical and advanced chemical recycling    44
• 3.10     Life cycle assessment             45
• 3.11     Global Regulatory Landscape            46
  • 3.11.1 EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) Schemes by Region       46
  • 3.11.2 Recycled Content Mandates               46
  • 3.11.3 Carbon Pricing Mechanisms               47
  • 3.11.4 Food Contact Approvals and Standards      47
  • 3.11.5 International Trade Regulations (Basel Convention)            48
• 3.12     Technology Readiness & Commercialization           49
  • 3.12.1 Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) Assessment   49
  • 3.12.2 Commercialization Pathways              52
  • 3.12.3 Pilot to Commercial Scale Transition            53
  • 3.12.4 Technology Licensing Models             54

4             THE ADVANCED (CHEMICAL) RECYCLING MARKET            55

• 4.1        Market drivers and trends      55
  • 4.1.1    Growing Environmental Concerns   55
  • 4.1.2    Stringent Regulatory Policies              56
  • 4.1.3    Corporate Sustainability Initiatives 58
  • 4.1.4    Technological Advancements             61
  • 4.1.5    Circular Economy Adoption 64
• 4.2        Market Challenges and Restraints   65
  • 4.2.1    High Initial Investment Costs              65
  • 4.2.2    Technical Challenges               65
  • 4.2.3    Infrastructure Limitations     68
  • 4.2.4    Technological Barriers             68
  • 4.2.5    Supply Chain Complexities  71
  • 4.2.6    Cost Competitiveness             72
• 4.3        Industry news, funding and developments 2020-2025      76
• 4.4        Capacities       86
• 4.5        Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology            88
  • 4.5.1    PE          88
  • 4.5.2    PP          89
  • 4.5.3    PET       90
  • 4.5.4    PS          91
  • 4.5.5    Nylon   92
  • 4.5.6    Others 93
• 4.6        Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology, by region     95
  • 4.6.1    Europe                95
  • 4.6.2    North America              96
  • 4.6.3    South America              97
  • 4.6.4    Asia      98
  • 4.6.5    Oceania            99
  • 4.6.6    Africa   100
• 4.7        Chemically recycled plastic products           101
• 4.8        Market map    103
• 4.9        Value chain     109
• 4.10     Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of advanced chemical recycling processes          109
  • 4.10.1 PE          110
  • 4.10.2 PP          110
  • 4.10.3 PET       111
• 4.11     Recycled plastic yield and cost         111
  • 4.11.1 Plastic yield of each chemical recycling technologies        111
  • 4.11.2 Prices  111
• 4.12     Market Analysis & Forecasts                113
  • 4.12.1 Market Size and Revenue Forecasts 2026-2040    113
  • 4.12.2 Revenue by Technology Type               114
  • 4.12.3 Revenue by End-Use Application     115

5             ADVANCED (CHEMICAL OR FEEDSTOCK) RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES              118

• 5.1        Applications   118
• 5.2        Current and Emerging Technologies for Chemical and Advanced Mechanical Recycling of Polymer Waste              119
• 5.3        Thermal Processes    119
  • 5.3.1    Pyrolysis            119
    • 5.3.1.1 Technical Process and Variations    121
    • 5.3.1.2 Non-catalytic 121
    • 5.3.1.3 Catalytic            122
    • 5.3.1.4 Steam Cracking of Polymer Waste  124
      • 5.3.1.4.1           Technology Overview                124
      • 5.3.1.4.2           Process Conditions and Product Yields       125
      • 5.3.1.4.3           Integration with Refineries    126
      • 5.3.1.4.4           Commercial Applications     127
      • 5.3.1.4.5           Polystyrene pyrolysis 128
      • 5.3.1.4.6           Pyrolysis for production of bio fuel  128
      • 5.3.1.4.7           Used tires pyrolysis   132
        • 5.3.1.4.7.1      Conversion to biofuel               133
      • 5.3.1.4.8           Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes             134
    • 5.3.1.5 Commercial Development and Investment               134
    • 5.3.1.6 Challenges and Considerations        134
    • 5.3.1.7 SWOT analysis              134
    • 5.3.1.8 Companies and capacities  135
  • 5.3.2    Gasification    136
    • 5.3.2.1 Technology overview 136
      • 5.3.2.1.1           Syngas conversion to methanol        137
      • 5.3.2.1.2           Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation       140
      • 5.3.2.1.3           Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion    140
    • 5.3.2.2 Applications and Potential    140
    • 5.3.2.3 Multilayer Packaging 141
    • 5.3.2.4 SWOT analysis              142
    • 5.3.2.5 Companies and capacities (current and planned)                142
• 5.4        Solvent-Based Recycling Technologies        144
  • 5.4.1    Dissolution     144
    • 5.4.1.1 Technology overview 144
    • 5.4.1.2 Selective Dissolution and Precipitation        145
    • 5.4.1.3 Supercritical Fluid Technologies       146
    • 5.4.1.4 Advanced Solvent Systems for Mixed Plastics         146
    • 5.4.1.5 Switchable Solvent Technologies     146
    • 5.4.1.6 SWOT analysis              147
    • 5.4.1.7 Companies and capacities (current and planned)                148
  • 5.4.2    Delamination Technologies for Multilayer Packaging          149
    • 5.4.2.1 Technical Approaches             150
    • 5.4.2.2 Switchable Hydrophilicity Solvents (SHS)   150
    • 5.4.2.3 Chemical Recycling of "Polyal" (Polyethylene-Aluminum Composites) 150
    • 5.4.2.4 Delamination Process for Carton Packages              150
    • 5.4.2.5 Aluminum Recovery Methods             151
    • 5.4.2.6 Polyethylene Purification and Recycling      152
    • 5.4.2.7 Economic and Environmental Benefits        153
    • 5.4.2.8 Novel Approaches      154
  • 5.4.3    Solvent-Based Plastic Recycling       155
    • 5.4.3.1 Solvent Selection and Classification             155
      • 5.4.3.1.1           Conventional Organic Solvents         156
      • 5.4.3.1.2           Ionic Liquids   158
      • 5.4.3.1.3           Supercritical Fluids    158
      • 5.4.3.1.4           Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES)             159
    • 5.4.3.2 Polymer-Specific Solvent Recycling                159
      • 5.4.3.2.1           Polyolefin Dissolution Systems         159
      • 5.4.3.2.2           Polystyrene Solvent Recovery             161
      • 5.4.3.2.3           PET and Polyester Solvolysis               161
        • 5.4.3.2.3.1      BHET to Cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) 162
        • 5.4.3.2.4           Mixed Polymer Stream Processing  163
    • 5.4.3.3 Solvent Recovery and Recycling Systems   163
      • 5.4.3.3.1           Distillation and Purification  163
      • 5.4.3.3.2           Membrane Separation Technologies              164
      • 5.4.3.3.3           Economic Optimization          164
    • 5.4.3.4 Environmental Considerations          165
      • 5.4.3.4.1           Solvent Emissions Control   165
      • 5.4.3.4.2           Waste Stream Management 165
      • 5.4.3.4.3           Life Cycle Assessment of Solvent Systems                166
    • 5.4.3.5 Commercial Development and Scale-Up   166
      • 5.4.3.5.1           Pilot and Demonstration Plants         167
      • 5.4.3.5.2           Industrial Implementation Challenges         168
      • 5.4.3.5.3           Economic Viability Assessment        170
  • 5.4.4    Chemical Depolymerisation                171
    • 5.4.4.1 Hydrolysis        172
      • 5.4.4.1.1           Technology overview 172
      • 5.4.4.1.2           SWOT analysis              174
    • 5.4.4.2 Enzymolysis   174
      • 5.4.4.2.1           Technology overview 174
      • 5.4.4.2.2           SWOT analysis              175
    • 5.4.4.3 Methanolysis 176
      • 5.4.4.3.1           Technology overview 176
      • 5.4.4.3.2           SWOT analysis              177
    • 5.4.4.4 Glycolysis         177
      • 5.4.4.4.1           Technology overview 177
      • 5.4.4.4.2           SWOT analysis              178
    • 5.4.4.5 Aminolysis      179
      • 5.4.4.5.1           Technology overview 179
      • 5.4.4.5.2           SWOT analysis              179
    • 5.4.4.6 Companies and capacities (current and planned)                180
• 5.5        Other advanced chemical recycling technologies 181
  • 5.5.1    Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL)     181
    • 5.5.1.1 Technical Mechanisms           181
    • 5.5.1.2 Performance and Application             181
    • 5.5.1.3 Commercial Development    181
    • 5.5.1.4 Hydrothermal Liquefaction Targeting Multilayer Packaging Waste             181
  • 5.5.2    Pyrolysis with in-line reforming          182
  • 5.5.3    Microwave-assisted pyrolysis             183
  • 5.5.4    Plasma pyrolysis         184
  • 5.5.5    Plasma gasification   185
  • 5.5.6    Carbon fiber recycling              185
    • 5.5.6.1 Processes        186
    • 5.5.6.2 Companies     188
• 5.6        Advanced recycling of thermoset materials              189
  • 5.6.1    Thermal recycling        190
    • 5.6.1.1 Energy Recovery Combustion            190
    • 5.6.1.2 Anaerobic Digestion 190
    • 5.6.1.3 Pyrolysis Processing 191
    • 5.6.1.4 Microwave Pyrolysis  191
  • 5.6.2    Solvolysis         192
  • 5.6.3    Catalyzed Glycolysis 193
  • 5.6.4    Alcoholysis and Hydrolysis   194
  • 5.6.5    Ionic liquids    194
  • 5.6.6    Supercritical fluids     195
  • 5.6.7    Plasma              196
  • 5.6.8    Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI)      197
  • 5.6.9    Companies     197
• 5.7        Comparison with Traditional Recycling Methods   198
  • 5.7.1    Mechanical Recycling Limitations   199
  • 5.7.2    Energy Efficiency Comparison           199
  • 5.7.3    Quality of Output Comparison          200
  • 5.7.4    Cost Analysis 201
• 5.8        Emerging Advanced Mechanical Technologies        203
  • 5.8.1    Chemical Upcycling Integration        203
  • 5.8.2    Computational Modelling      203
  • 5.8.3    Hybrid Approaches    203
• 5.9        Environmental Impact Assessment                203
  • 5.9.1    Carbon Footprint Analysis    203
  • 5.9.2    Energy Consumption Assessment  204
  • 5.9.3    Waste Reduction Potential   204
    • 5.9.3.1 Wastewater     205
    • 5.9.3.2 Atmospheric Emissions         205
    • 5.9.3.3 Catalyst and Media Waste    205
    • 5.9.3.4 Maintenance and Cleaning Waste   205
    • 5.9.3.5 Waste Management Approaches     205
    • 5.9.3.6 Regulatory Considerations and Classification        206
    • 5.9.3.7 Comparative Waste Production         206
    • 5.9.3.8 Environmental Impact and Future Directions           206
  • 5.9.4    Sustainability Metrics               207
• 5.10     Emerging Technologies            208
  • 5.10.1 AI and Machine Learning Applications          208
    • 5.10.1.1            Sorting Optimization 209
    • 5.10.1.2            Process Control           209
    • 5.10.1.3            Quality Prediction       210
    • 5.10.1.4            Maintenance Prediction          210
  • 5.10.2 Robotics in Sorting     211
    • 5.10.2.1            Vision Systems             211
    • 5.10.2.2            Picking Mechanisms 211
    • 5.10.2.3            Control Systems          212
    • 5.10.2.4            Integration Methods  212
  • 5.10.3 Novel Catalyst Development               213
    • 5.10.3.1            Nano-catalysts             213
    • 5.10.3.2            Bio-catalysts  215
    • 5.10.3.3            Hybrid Catalysts          217

6             MATERIALS ANALYSIS               219

• 6.1        Plastics              219
  • 6.1.1    Polyethylene (PE)        219
    • 6.1.1.1 HDPE Analysis              219
    • 6.1.1.2 LLDPE Analysis            220
    • 6.1.1.3 Recovery Methods     221
  • 6.1.2    Polypropylene (PP)     222
    • 6.1.2.1 Homopolymer               222
    • 6.1.2.2 Copolymer       223
    • 6.1.2.3 Processing Methods 223
    • 6.1.2.4 Quality Grades              227
  • 6.1.3    Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)     229
    • 6.1.3.1 Bottle Grade   229
    • 6.1.3.2 Fiber Grade     229
    • 6.1.3.3 Film Grade       230
    • 6.1.3.4 Recovery Technologies            230
      • 6.1.3.4.1           Advanced BHET Upgrading to Specialty Chemicals             233
        • 6.1.3.4.1.1      Guerbet Reaction Pathways 233
        • 6.1.3.4.1.2      Biorefinery Integration Approaches 234
  • 6.1.4    Polystyrene (PS)           234
    • 6.1.4.1 General Purpose PS   234
    • 6.1.4.2 High Impact PS             234
    • 6.1.4.3 Expanded PS  235
    • 6.1.4.4 Processing Methods 235
  • 6.1.5    Other Plastics               236
    • 6.1.5.1 PVC      236
    • 6.1.5.2 PC         236
    • 6.1.5.3 ABS       237
    • 6.1.5.4 Mixed Plastics               237
• 6.2        Metals 238
  • 6.2.1    Precious Metals           240
    • 6.2.1.1 Gold     240
    • 6.2.1.2 Silver    240
    • 6.2.1.3 Platinum Group Metals           241
    • 6.2.1.4 Recovery Methods     241
• 6.3        Base Metals    243
  • 6.3.1    Copper               243
  • 6.3.2    Aluminium       243
  • 6.3.3    Steel     244
  • 6.3.4    Processing Technologies        244
• 6.4        Rare Earth Elements 247
  • 6.4.1    Light REEs        247
  • 6.4.2    Heavy REEs     247
  • 6.4.3    Extraction Methods   248
• 6.5        Electronic Waste         250
  • 6.5.1    Circuit Boards               250
    • 6.5.1.1 PCB Types        250
    • 6.5.1.2 Component Separation          251
    • 6.5.1.3 Metal Recovery             251
    • 6.5.1.4 Waste Management  252
  • 6.5.2    Batteries            252
    • 6.5.2.1 Lithium-ion     252
    • 6.5.2.2 Lead-acid         253
    • 6.5.2.3 Nickel-based  253
    • 6.5.2.4 Recovery Processes  255
  • 6.5.3    Displays            257
    • 6.5.3.1 LCD      257
    • 6.5.3.2 LED       257
    • 6.5.3.3 OLED   258
    • 6.5.3.4 Material Recovery       258
  • 6.5.4    Other Components   260
    • 6.5.4.1 Capacitors      260
    • 6.5.4.2 Resistors          260
    • 6.5.4.3 Semiconductors          261
    • 6.5.4.4 Connectors     261
• 6.6        Textiles               262
  • 6.6.1    Natural Fibers                262
  • 6.6.2    Cotton 262
  • 6.6.3    Wool    263
  • 6.6.4    Silk        263
  • 6.6.5    Processing Methods 265
• 6.7        Synthetic Fibers           267
  • 6.7.1    Polyester           267
  • 6.7.2    Nylon   267
  • 6.7.3    Acrylic 268
  • 6.7.4    Recovery Technologies            269

7             END PRODUCT ANALYSIS      272

• 7.1        Chemical Feedstocks              272
  • 7.1.1    Monomers       272
    • 7.1.1.1 Market Drivers for Monomer Value Enhancement 276
    • 7.1.1.2 Performance Premium Applications              276
    • 7.1.1.3 Catalytic Upgrading Platforms           276
      • 7.1.1.3.1           Heterogeneous Catalyst Development         276
      • 7.1.1.3.2           Process Intensification Technologies             276
      • 7.1.1.3.3           Biocatalytic Monomer Enhancement            277
        • 7.1.1.3.3.1      Enzyme Engineering for Recycling Applications      277
        • 7.1.1.3.3.2      Metabolic Engineering for Specialty Chemicals     277
  • 7.1.2    Oligomers        277
  • 7.1.3    Specialty Chemicals 280
• 7.2        Fuels    280
  • 7.2.1    Diesel  280
  • 7.2.2    Gasoline           281
  • 7.2.3    Synthetic Gas 281
• 7.3        Raw Materials                282
  • 7.3.1    Recycled Plastics       282
  • 7.3.2    Recovered Metals       283
  • 7.3.3    Other Materials            283
• 7.4        Energy Products           284
  • 7.4.1    Electricity          284
  • 7.4.2    Heat     285
  • 7.4.3    Biofuels             285
• 7.5        Market Analysis by Sector      287
  • 7.5.1    Packaging (rigid, flexible, multilayer)              287
  • 7.5.2    Automotive and Transportation         289
  • 7.5.3    Building and Construction    291
  • 7.5.4    Electronics and Electrical      294
  • 7.5.5    Textiles and Apparel  297
  • 7.5.6    Consumer Goods       300
  • 7.5.7    Medical and Healthcare         303
  • 7.5.8    Agriculture       306

8             SUPPLY CHAIN AND INFRASTRUCTURE      310

• 8.1        Feedstock Supply Chain        310
  • 8.1.1    Waste Collection Systems    310
  • 8.1.2    Sorting and Pre-processing Infrastructure  311
  • 8.1.3    Quality Standards for Feedstock       313
• 8.2        Product Distribution Networks           313
• 8.3        Infrastructure Gap Analysis by Region          315
• 8.4        Circular Economy Integration             316

9             FUTURE OUTLOOK    319

• 9.1        Emerging Technologies on the Horizon         319
  • 9.1.1    Biological/Enzymatic Recycling         319
  • 9.1.2    Plasma-Based Technologies               320
    • 9.1.2.1 Plasma Technology Types      320
  • 9.1.3    AI and Digital Twin Applications        321
    • 9.1.3.1 AI Applications             322
• 9.2        Market Scenarios 2030-2040             323
  • 9.2.1    Best Case Scenario   323
  • 9.2.2    Base Case Scenario  324
  • 9.2.3    Conservative Scenario            325
• 9.3        Potential Market Disruptors 326
  • 9.3.1    Negative Disruptions 327
  • 9.3.2    Wild Card Scenarios 328
• 9.4        Long-term Sustainability Assessment          328
  • 9.4.1    Environmental Performance                328
  • 9.4.2    Economic Sustainability        329
  • 9.4.3    Social Sustainability 330
  • 9.4.4    Circular Economy Impact      330

10          COMPANY PROFILES                330 (191 company profiles)

11          RESEARCH METHODOLOGY              472

12          GLOSSARY OF TERMS             473

13          REFERENCES 475

List of Tables

• Table 1. Types of recycling.   31
• Table 2. Issues related to the use of plastics.           33
• Table 3. Type of biodegradation.       36
• Table 4. Overview of the recycling technologies.    41
• Table 5. Polymer types, use, and recovery. 43
• Table 6. Composition of plastic waste streams.     44
• Table 7. Comparison of mechanical and advanced chemical recycling.                44
• Table 8. Life cycle assessment of virgin plastic production, mechanical recycling and chemical recycling.          45
• Table 9. Life cycle assessment of chemical recycling technologies (pyrolysis, gasification, depolymerization and dissolution). 45
• Table 10. EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) Schemes by Region. 46
• Table 11. Recycled content mandates.        46
• Table 12. Carbon pricing mechanisms.       47
• Table 13. Food Contact Approvals and Standards.              47
• Table 14. Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) Assessment.            49
• Table 15. Advanced chemical recycling technologies commercialization pathways.    52
• Table 16. Pilot to Commercial Scale Transition.     53
• Table 17. Technology Licensing Models.      54
• Table 18. Market drivers and trends in the advanced chemical recycling market.            55
• Table 19. Global regulations driving plastics recycling.      56
• Table 20. Corporate Sustainability Initiatives.          59
• Table 21. Technological Advancements.      62
• Table 22. Technical Challenges.        66
• Table 23. Technological Barriers.      69
• Table 24. Cost Competitiveness Analysis. 72
• Table 25. Advanced (chemical) recycling industry news, funding and developments 2020-2025.       76
• Table 26. Advanced chemical recycling capacities, by technology.           86
• Table 27. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PE (million tonnes).             88
• Table 28. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PP (million tonnes).             89
• Table 29. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PET (million tonnes).             90
• Table 30. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PS (million tonnes).             91
• Table 31. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for Nylon (million tonnes).             92
• Table 32. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for Other types (million tonnes).*         93
• Table 33. Global polymer demand in Europe, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).   95
• Table 34. Global polymer demand in North America, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).             96
• Table 35. Global polymer demand in South America, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).             97
• Table 36. Global polymer demand in Asia, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).         98
• Table 37. Global polymer demand in Oceania, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes). 99
• Table 38. Global polymer demand in Africa, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).      100
• Table 39. Example chemically recycled plastic products.                101
• Table 40. Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of Advanced chemical recycling Processes.   109
• Table 41. Life cycle assessment of mechanically versus chemically recycling polyethylene (PE).        110
• Table 42. Life cycle assessment of mechanically versus chemically recycling polypropylene (PP).     110
• Table 43. Life cycle assessment of mechanically versus chemically recycling polyethylene terephthalate (PET).  111
• Table 44. Plastic yield of each chemical recycling technologies. 111
• Table 45. Chemically recycled plastics prices in USD.       112
• Table 46. Advanced Recycling Market Size and Revenue Forecasts 2026-2040 (Millions USD).             113
• Table 47. Advanced Recycling Revenue Forecasts by Technology Type 2026-2040 (Millions USD).     114
• Table 48. Advanced Recycling Revenue Forecasts by End-Use Application 2026-2040 (Millions USD).                115
• Table 49. Applications of chemically recycled materials. 118
• Table 50. Current and Emerging Technologies for Chemical and Advanced Mechanical Recycling of Polymer Waste.            119
• Table 51. Pyrolysis Technology Comparison for Multilayer Packaging Processing.          121
• Table 52. Summary of non-catalytic pyrolysis technologies.         121
• Table 53. Summary of catalytic pyrolysis technologies.    122
• Table 54. Steam Cracking Technology Specifications for Polymer Waste Processing.  125
• Table 55. Product Yields and Quality Specifications for Polymer Waste Steam Cracking.          126
• Table 56. Refinery Integration Requirements for Polymer Waste Steam Cracking.          127
• Table 57. Commercial Steam Cracking Applications for Polymer Waste Processing.    128
• Table 58. Summary of pyrolysis technique under different operating conditions.            130
• Table 59. Biomass materials and their bio-oil yield.             131
• Table 60. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process. 131
• Table 61. Pyrolysis companies and plant capacities, current and planned.         135
• Table 62. Summary of gasification technologies.  136
• Table 63. Gasification Technology Specifications for Multilayer Packaging Waste.         141
• Table 64. Advanced recycling (Gasification) companies. 142
• Table 65. Summary of dissolution technologies.   144
• Table 66. Dissolution Technology Performance for Multilayer Packaging Recycling.      145
• Table 67. Switchable Solvent Technologies.              147
• Table 68. Advanced recycling (Dissolution) companies    148
• Table 69. Delamination Method Performance for Multilayer Packaging Separation.      149
• Table 70. Aluminum Recovery Methods.     152
• Table 71. Economic and Environmental Benefits of Delamination Technologies.            153
• Table 72. Novel Approaches in Delamination Technologies - Comprehensive Analysis               154
• Table 73. Primary Solvent Categories and Applications.   156
• Table 74. Process Economics and Operating Parameters.              157
• Table 75. Solvent Recovery and Recycling Systems.            157
• Table 76. Polyolefin Dissolution Systems.  160
• Table 77. Solvent System Performance Comparison.         161
• Table 78. Membrane separation technologies.        164
• Table 79. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of solvent systems.             166
• Table 80. Commercial Development and Scale-Up.             167
• Table 81. Pilot and Demonstration Plants. 167
• Table 82. Industrial Implementation Challenges.  168
• Table 83. Technical Implementation Barriers.          169
• Table 84. Economic Implementation Barriers.         169
• Table 85. Economic Viability Assessment. 170
• Table 86. Technology-Specific Economics 170
• Table 87. Depolymerisation processes for PET, PU, PC and PA, products and yields.    172
• Table 88. Summary of hydrolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers.           172
• Table 89. Summary of Enzymolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers. 174
• Table 90. Summary of methanolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers. 176
• Table 91. Summary of glycolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers.           177
• Table 92. Summary of aminolysis technologies.    179
• Table 93. Advanced recycling (Depolymerisation) companies and capacities (current and planned).                180
• Table 94. Hydrothermal Liquefaction Operating Parameters for Multilayer Packaging. 182
• Table 95. Overview of Pyrolysis with in-line reforming for advanced chemical recycling.            182
• Table 96. Overview of microwave-assisted pyrolysis for advanced chemical recycling.              183
• Table 97. Overview of plasma pyrolysis for advanced chemical recycling.           184
• Table 98. Overview of plasma gasification for advanced chemical recycling.     185
• Table 99. Summary of carbon fiber (CF) recycling technologies. Advantages and disadvantages.       186
• Table 100. Retention rate of tensile properties of recovered carbon fibres by different recycling processes.       187
• Table 101. Recycled carbon fiber producers, technology and capacity. 188
• Table 102. Advanced Recycling Technologies for Specialized Packaging Applications.               189
• Table 103.  Current thermoset recycling routes.     189
• Table 104. Companies developing advanced thermoset recycing routes.             197
• Table 105. Comparison of Advanced Chemical Recycling with Traditional Recycling Methods.             198
• Table 106. Energy Efficiency Comparison: Advanced Chemical Recycling vs. Mechanical Recycling 199
• Table 107. Quality of Output Comparison. 200
• Table 108. Cost Analysis of advanced plastic recycling versus traditional recycling methods.               201
• Table 109. Carbon Footprint Analysis.          203
• Table 110. Energy Consumption Assessment.        204
• Table 111. Sustainability Metrics.    207
• Table 112. AI and Machine Learning Applications. 208
• Table 113. Types of Nano-catalysts.               214
• Table 114. Types of bio-catalysts.    216
• Table 115. Advanced polyethylene recovery methods.      221
• Table 116. Polypropylene processing methods for chemical recycling.  225
• Table 117. PP Quality Grades from Chemical Recycling.  227
• Table 118. Advanced PET recovery technologies . 231
• Table 119. BHET Upgrading Technologies: Process Comparison.               233
• Table 120. Advanced chemical recycling of metals.            238
• Table 121. Precious metals recovery methods.      241
• Table 122. Advanced processing technologies for base metal recycling .             245
• Table 123. Rare Earth Elements Extraction Methods.         248
• Table 124. Recovery Processes for Batteries.           255
• Table 125. Advanced technologies for materials recovery in displays.    258
• Table 126. Processing Methods for Natural Fiber Recycling.          265
• Table 127. Recovery Technologies for Synthetic Fibers      269
• Table 128. Monomers from chemical recycling.     273
• Table 129. Oligomers from advanced recycling.     279
• Table 130. Advanced chemical recycling for Packaging (rigid, flexible, multilayer).         287
• Table 131. Advanced chemical recycling for Automotive and Transportation.    290
• Table 132. Advanced chemical recycling for Building and Construction.               292
• Table 133. Advanced chemical recycling for Electronics and Electrical. 294
• Table 134. Advanced chemical recycling for Textiles and Apparel.             297
• Table 135. Advanced chemical recycling for Consumer Goods.  301
• Table 136. Advanced chemical recycling for Medical and Healthcare.    304
• Table 137. Advanced chemical recycling for Agriculture. 306
• Table 138. Collection System Types.              310
• Table 139. Advanced Sorting Technologies.               311
• Table 140. Feedstock Quality Requirements by Technology:          313
• Table 141. Infrastructure Gap Analysis by Region. 315
• Table 142. Enzyme Classes and Applications/         319
• Table 143. AI Application Areas.        321

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Global plastics production 1950-2021, millions of tonnes.       32
• Figure 2.  Coca-Cola PlantBottle®.   34
• Figure 3. Interrelationship between conventional, bio-based and biodegradable plastics.       35
• Figure 4. Global production, use, and fate of polymer resins, synthetic fibers, and additives. 37
• Figure 5. The circular plastic economy.        39
• Figure 6. Current management systems for waste plastics.           40
• Figure 7. Overview of the different circular pathways for plastics.             41
• Figure 8. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PE (million tonnes).             89
• Figure 9. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PP (million tonnes).             90
• Figure 10. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PET (million tonnes).             91
• Figure 11. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for PS (million tonnes).             92
• Figure 12. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for Nylon (million tonnes).             93
• Figure 13. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology for Other types (million tonnes).          94
• Figure 14. Global polymer demand in Europe, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes). 95
• Figure 15. Global polymer demand in North America, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).             96
• Figure 16. Global polymer demand in South America, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).             97
• Figure 17. Global polymer demand in Asia, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).        98
• Figure 18. Global polymer demand in Oceania, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).                99
• Figure 19. Global polymer demand in Africa, by recycling technology 2022-2040 (million tonnes).    100
• Figure 20. Market map for advanced chemical recycling. 108
• Figure 21. Value chain for advanced chemical recycling market.                109
• Figure 22. Advanced Recycling Market Size and Revenue Forecasts 2026-2040 (Millions USD).           114
• Figure 23. Advanced Recycling Revenue Forecasts by End-Use Application 2026-2040 (Millions USD).                117
• Figure 24. Schematic layout of a pyrolysis plant.   120
• Figure 25. Waste plastic production pathways to (A) diesel and (B) gasoline      129
• Figure 26. Schematic for Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires. 132
• Figure 27. Used tires conversion process.  133
• Figure 28. SWOT analysis-pyrolysis for advanced recycling.          135
• Figure 29. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm³/h of Syngas.          137
• Figure 30. Overview of biogas utilization.    138
• Figure 31. Biogas and biomethane pathways.          139
• Figure 32. SWOT analysis-gasification for advanced recycling.    142
• Figure 33. SWOT analysis-dissoluton for advanced recycling.      148
• Figure 34. Products obtained through the different solvolysis pathways of PET, PU, and PA.    171
• Figure 35. SWOT analysis-Hydrolysis for advanced chemical recycling. 174
• Figure 36. SWOT analysis-Enzymolysis for advanced chemical recycling.            175
• Figure 37. SWOT analysis-Methanolysis for advanced chemical recycling.          177
• Figure 38. SWOT analysis-Glycolysis for advanced chemical recycling. 178
• Figure 39. SWOT analysis-Aminolysis for advanced chemical recycling.               179
• Figure 40. Alterra’s Akron Plant in Ohio.       335
• Figure 41. ChemCyclingTM prototypes.       343
• Figure 42. ChemCycling circle by BASF.       343
• Figure 43. Recycled carbon fibers obtained through the R3FIBER process.         345
• Figure 44. Cassandra Oil  process.  356
• Figure 45. CuRe Technology process.            363
• Figure 46. MoReTec.   406
• Figure 47. Chemical decomposition process of polyurethane foam.       410
• Figure 48. OMV ReOil process.           419
• Figure 49. Schematic Process of Plastic Energy’s TAC Chemical Recycling.        423
• Figure 50. Easy-tear film material from recycled material.              444
• Figure 51. Polyester fabric made from recycled monomers.          448
• Figure 52. A sheet of acrylic resin made from conventional, fossil resource-derived MMA monomer (left) and a sheet of acrylic resin made from chemically recycled MMA monomer (right).     458
• Figure 53. Teijin Frontier Co., Ltd. Depolymerisation process.      462
• Figure 54. The Velocys process.        467
• Figure 55. The Proesa® Process.        469
• Figure 56. Worn Again products.       470
•  

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The Global Advanced (Chemical) Recycling Market 2026-2040

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