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The Global Market for Advanced Carbon Materials 2026-2036

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  • Published: February 2026
  • Pages: 1,175
  • Tables: 293
  • Figures: 150

 

The global advanced carbon materials market encompasses a diverse and rapidly expanding family of carbon-based materials that are enabling some of the most consequential industrial transformations of the twenty-first century. Spanning carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, biochar, nanodiamonds, fullerenes, carbon nanofibers, graphene quantum dots, carbon aerogels, carbon foam, and emerging allotropes such as carbon nano-onions and diamond semiconductors, these materials share a common elemental foundation but exhibit dramatically different morphologies, microstructures, and functional properties. The market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 11.7% through 2036, driven by the convergence of multiple structural megatrends across energy, transport, electronics, construction, and environmental remediation.

The electrification of transport has created enormous demand for carbon nanotubes as conductive additives in lithium-ion battery cathodes, where they enhance electronic conductivity and cycle life in nickel manganese cobalt and lithium iron phosphate chemistries. With global EV battery production projected to grow from approximately 800 GWh in 2024 to over 3,500 GWh by 2036, CNT demand is expanding proportionally, making it the fastest-growing segment by volume. The expansion of renewable energy, particularly offshore wind, is driving substantial demand for large-tow carbon fiber in turbine blade spar caps, as rotor diameters extend beyond 160 metres and carbon fiber reinforced polymer content in blades increases to approximately 40%. The hydrogen economy is creating a transformational new market for carbon fiber in Type IV composite overwrapped pressure vessels, with each hydrogen fuel cell vehicle requiring 5–10 kg of carbon fiber for its tank system. Aerospace continues to drive demand for high-performance carbon fiber, with current-generation wide-body aircraft utilising 50% or more composite materials by structural weight.

Asia Pacific has emerged as the dominant regional market, led by China, which is now the world's largest consumer of carbon fibers and home to the largest carbon nanotube producers. Jiangsu Cnano Technology alone operates over 10,500 metric tonnes of annual MWCNT capacity, with plans to reach 30,000 tonnes by 2027. Chinese carbon fiber capacity has surpassed 100,000 metric tonnes annually, though quality gaps in aerospace-grade production persist. North America and Europe remain significant markets, particularly in aerospace, defence, and high-value industrial applications, and are leading the development of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage infrastructure that increasingly intersects with advanced carbon materials production.

Biochar has emerged as a significant new market category, driven by the carbon dioxide removal credit market. Global production reached at least 350,000 tonnes in 2023, with biochar delivering over 90% of commercially traded permanent CDR credits. The EU Carbon Removals and Carbon Farming Regulation is establishing certification frameworks expected to become global benchmarks, and corporate demand for durable carbon removal is projected to reach 40–200 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year by 2030. The graphene market continues its transition from laboratory-scale research toward commercial deployment across composites, energy storage, thermal management, and coatings applications, with the 2025 demonstration of the world's first functional graphene semiconductor at Georgia Institute of Technology marking a landmark milestone.

The intersection of CCUS technology with advanced carbon materials represents a potentially transformational development. Companies such as Carbon Corp, UP Catalyst, Graphitic Energy, and HiiROC are demonstrating commercially viable pathways for converting methane or captured CO2 into high-value carbon nanomaterials, graphite, and carbon black. As of early 2025, global operational CO2 capture and storage capacity stood at approximately 50 Mtpa, with over 600 projects in the pipeline. The ability to convert waste carbon into advanced materials offers compelling dual-benefit models that simultaneously address climate change and materials supply chain security.

The competitive landscape has undergone notable changes, including the exposure of the Kangde Group fraud in China, the transition of DowAksa to Aksa Carbon following Dow's exit, and continued aggressive capacity expansion by Chinese and South Korean producers across both carbon fiber and carbon nanotube segments. As production volumes scale and manufacturing costs decline, advanced carbon materials are transitioning from niche specialty markets into mainstream industrial adoption, positioning them as foundational materials for the global energy transition, digital infrastructure expansion, and sustainable construction.

The Global Market for Advanced Carbon Materials 2026–2036 is the most comprehensive market intelligence report available on the advanced carbon materials industry, spanning over 1,150 pages of in-depth analysis, market forecasts, company profiles, and application roadmaps. This report provides detailed coverage of the entire advanced carbon materials value chain, from raw material precursors and production technologies through to end-use applications across more than a dozen industry sectors including energy storage, aerospace, automotive, construction, electronics, and environmental remediation.

Advanced carbon materials are foundational to the global energy transition, enabling lighter vehicles, longer wind turbine blades, higher-performance batteries, cleaner industrial processes, and verified carbon dioxide removal. The market encompasses carbon fibers, carbon black, graphite (natural and synthetic), biochar, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, fullerenes, nanodiamonds, graphene quantum dots, carbon foam, carbon aerogels, diamond-like carbon coatings, activated carbon, and emerging materials such as carbon nano-onions and diamond semiconductors. Each material category is analysed independently with dedicated chapters covering properties, production methods, markets and applications, competitive landscape, pricing, supply chain dynamics, and demand forecasts extending to 2036.

The report provides granular market forecasts segmented by material type, application sector, and geographic region, with historical data from 2018 and projections through 2036. Regional analysis covers Asia Pacific (including detailed China coverage), North America, Europe, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. Pricing analysis includes current and forecast pricing by material grade, with producer-level pricing data for graphene, nanodiamonds, fullerenes, and graphene quantum dots.

A distinguishing feature of this report is its unmatched company coverage, profiling over 900 companies across all advanced carbon material categories. Company profiles include descriptions, products and technologies, production capacities, headquarters locations, and website information. Coverage spans material producers, composite manufacturers, recyclers, and technology developers from established multinationals to innovative startups.

The report includes dedicated analysis of the carbon capture, utilisation, and storage sector and its intersection with advanced carbon materials production, covering point-source capture technologies, direct air capture, electrochemical CO2 conversion, and companies converting captured CO2 into carbon nanotubes, graphene, and other high-value carbon nanomaterials. The biochar chapter provides extensive coverage of this rapidly growing market, including carbon credit market dynamics, regulatory frameworks, production technologies, and over 140 company profiles.

This report is essential reading for materials scientists, corporate strategists, investors, policy analysts, and procurement professionals seeking authoritative market intelligence on the advanced carbon materials industry through 2036.

Report contents include:

  • Market Overview and Drivers
    • Market landscape and evolution through 2036
    • Key market drivers: electrification, hydrogen economy, renewable energy, aerospace, digital infrastructure, CCUS, and sustainability mandates
    • Role of advanced carbon materials in the green transition
    • Application framework across thermal management, conductive battery additives, and composites
  • Carbon Fibers
    • Properties, precursor types (PAN, pitch, lignin, polyethylene, textile PAN)
    • Recycled carbon fibers — market, recycling processes, and companies
    • Carbon fiber 3D printing and plasma oxidation technology
    • Markets: aerospace, wind energy, automotive, pressure vessels, oil and gas, civil engineering
    • Market analysis: competitive landscape, production capacities by producer, price and cost analysis, supply chain, demand forecasts 2020–2036 by industry and region
    • Over 90 company profiles including carbon fiber producers, composite producers, and recyclers
  • Carbon Black 
    • Properties, manufacturing processes, specialty and recovered carbon black
    • Markets: tires, non-tire rubber, specialty applications
    • Global market forecasts by end-user market and region
    • Over 50 company profiles
  • Graphite 
    • Natural graphite (flake, amorphous, vein) and synthetic graphite (isostatic, extruded, electrode)
    • China dominance analysis, US subsidies and tariff policy
    • Lithium-ion battery anode market analysis and gigafactory coverage
    • Global production, pricing, and demand forecasts by end-use market and region 2016–2036
    • Over 100 company profiles
  • Biochar 
    • Carbon sequestration, properties, production processes (pyrolysis, gasification, HTC, torrefaction)
    • Carbon credits market analysis, regulatory framework
    • Applications across 13 sectors: agriculture, construction, wastewater, filtration, carbon capture, cosmetics, textiles, additive manufacturing, packaging, steel, energy, and more
    • Global demand forecasts by market, region, and feedstock 2018–2036
    • Over 140 company profiles
  • Graphene 
    • Types, properties, pricing by graphene type and producer
    • Application roadmaps (2025–2036) for 18 market sectors including batteries, supercapacitors, sensors, conductive inks, thermal management, aerospace, automotive, biomedical, photovoltaics, and more
    • Production capacities by producer, supply chain analysis
    • Global demand forecasts by graphene type, end-use market, and region 2018–2036
    • Over 350 company profiles
  • Carbon Nanotubes 
    • MWCNT and SWCNT properties, production capacities, and market overview
    • Application roadmaps for energy storage, polymer composites, electronics, thermal interface materials, construction, coatings, automotive, and aerospace
    • Coverage of DWNTs, VACNTs, FWNTs, carbon nanohorns, carbon nano-onions, and boron nitride nanotubes
    • Over 150 company profiles
  • Carbon Nanofibers
    • Properties, synthesis methods, markets (energy storage, composites, filtration, catalysis, EMI shielding)
    • Global market revenue forecasts 2020–2036
    • Company profiles
  • Fullerenes (Chapter 9)
    • Properties, applications, TRL assessment
    • Global market demand forecasts 2018–2036
    • Company profiles
  • Nanodiamonds 
    • Types (detonation, fluorescent, diamond semiconductors)
    • Markets, pricing by producer, global demand forecasts 2018–2036
    • Over 30 company profiles
  • Graphene Quantum Dots 
    • Properties, synthesis, applications, pricing by producer
    • Company profiles
  • Carbon Foam and Carbon Aerogels 
    • Properties, markets, global market revenue forecasts
    • Company profiles
  • Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings 
    • Properties, applications, global revenue forecasts 2018–2036
    • Company profiles
  • Activated Carbon 
    • Types, production, markets, global revenue forecasts 2020–2036
    • Company profiles
  • Carbon Materials from Carbon Capture and Utilisation 
    • Global point-source CO2 capture capacities and historical growth
    • Carbon capture processes: post-combustion, oxy-fuel, pre-combustion, chemical looping
    • Carbon separation technologies: absorption, adsorption, membranes, cryogenic, electrochemical
    • Direct air capture technologies and companies
    • CO2-to-carbon-materials companies and technologies
 
Companies profiled include 3DC, Arkema, Birla Carbon, Black Bear Carbon, Black Semiconductor GmbH, C12, CamGraPhIC, Carbon Cell, Carbon Conversions, Carbice, Cabot Corporation, Directa Plus, DowAksa, Eden Innovations, First Graphene, Fujitsu Laboratories, GrafTech International, Graphene Manufacturing Group, Graphenea, Graphitic Energy , GraphEnergy Tech, Graphjet Technology, Hexcel Corporation, HiiROC, Huntsman Corporation, HydroGraph, Imerys, INBRAIN Neuroelectronics, Levidian Nanosystems, Low Sulphur Fuels, Lyten, Mersen, Nanocomp Technologies, Naieel Technology, NanoXplore, NDB Technology, OCSiAl Group,  Paragraf, Perpetuus Carbon Group, Premier Graphene, Resonac, Samsung, SGL Carbon, Skeleton Technologies, Syrah Resources, Talga Resources, Teijin Limited, Thomas Swan, Toray Industries, TrimTabs, Universal Matter, Vartega, Versarien, and Zeon Specialty Materials and more.....
 
 
 

 

 

1             THE ADVANCED CARBON MATERIALS MARKET     55

  • 1.1        Market overview           56
  • 1.2        Market Landscape and Evolution     56
  • 1.3        Key Market Drivers      57
    • 1.3.1    Electrification and Energy Storage   57
    • 1.3.2    Hydrogen Economy   57
    • 1.3.3    Renewable Energy Expansion            57
    • 1.3.4    Aerospace Recovery and Growth     57
    • 1.3.5    Digital Infrastructure and Electronics            58
    • 1.3.6    Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) 58
    • 1.3.7    Carbon Removal and Sustainability Mandates       58
  • 1.4        Main Applications       58
  • 1.5        Role of Advanced Carbon Materials in the Green Transition          59
  • 1.6        Main applications       59
    • 1.6.1    Thermal management             59
      • 1.6.1.1 Commercialization    61
    • 1.6.2    Conductive Battery Additives and Electrodes          64
    • 1.6.3    Composites    66
  • 1.7        Role of advanced carbon materials in the green transition             68

 

2             CARBON FIBERS         69

  • 2.1        Properties of carbon fibers   69
    • 2.1.1    Types by modulus       70
    • 2.1.2    Types by the secondary processing 71
  • 2.2        Precursor material types        72
    • 2.2.1    PAN: Polyacrylonitrile               72
      • 2.2.1.1 Spinning            73
      • 2.2.1.2 Stabilizing        73
      • 2.2.1.3 Carbonizing    74
      • 2.2.1.4 Surface treatment       74
      • 2.2.1.5 Sizing  74
      • 2.2.1.6 Pitch-based carbon fibers     74
      • 2.2.1.7 Isotropic pitch               75
      • 2.2.1.8 Mesophase pitch         75
      • 2.2.1.9 Viscose (Rayon)-based carbon fibers            76
    • 2.2.2    Bio-based and alternative precursors           76
      • 2.2.2.1 Lignin  76
      • 2.2.2.2 Polyethylene   80
      • 2.2.2.3 Vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF)     80
      • 2.2.2.4 Textile PAN       81
    • 2.2.3    Recycled carbon fibers (r-CF)             81
      • 2.2.3.1 The market for rCF      81
      • 2.2.3.2 Recycling processes 82
      • 2.2.3.3 Companies     84
    • 2.2.4    Carbon Fiber 3D Printing        86
    • 2.2.5    Plasma oxidation        88
    • 2.2.6    Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)      88
      • 2.2.6.1 Applications   89
  • 2.3        Markets and applications      91
    • 2.3.1    Aerospace        91
    • 2.3.2    Wind energy    92
    • 2.3.3    Sports & leisure            93
    • 2.3.4    Automotive      93
    • 2.3.5    Pressure vessels          95
    • 2.3.6    Oil and gas      96
    • 2.3.7    Civil Engineering and Infrastructure                96
  • 2.4        Market analysis            97
    • 2.4.1    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   97
    • 2.4.2    Regulations     98
    • 2.4.3    Price and Costs Analysis       98
    • 2.4.4    Supply Chain 99
    • 2.4.5    Competitive Landscape         99
      • 2.4.5.1 Annual capacity, by producer              100
    • 2.4.6    Future Outlook             100
    • 2.4.7    Addressable Market Size        102
    • 2.4.8    Risks and Opportunities         103
    • 2.4.9    Global Carbon Fiber Demand 2020–2036  104
      • 2.4.9.1 By Industry (Thousand Metric Tonnes)          104
      • 2.4.9.2 By Region (Thousand Metric Tonnes)             105
      • 2.4.9.3 Revenues by Industry (Billions USD)              106
  • 2.5        Company profiles       107
    • 2.5.1    Carbon fiber producers           107 (28 company profiles)
    • 2.5.2    Carbon Fiber composite producers                124 (62 company profiles)
    • 2.5.3    Carbon fiber recyclers              160 (17 company profiles)

 

3             CARBON BLACK          173

  • 3.1        Commercially available carbon black           173
  • 3.2        Properties         174
    • 3.2.1    Particle size distribution         175
    • 3.2.2    Structure-Aggregate size        176
    • 3.2.3    Surface chemistry      176
    • 3.2.4    Agglomerates 177
    • 3.2.5    Colour properties        178
    • 3.2.6    Porosity             179
    • 3.2.7    Physical form 179
  • 3.3        Manufacturing processes      179
  • 3.4        Markets and applications      181
    • 3.4.1    Tires and automotive 181
    • 3.4.2    Non-Tire Rubber (Industrial rubber) 184
    • 3.4.3    Other markets               185
  • 3.5        Specialty carbon black            185
    • 3.5.1    Global market size for specialty CB 186
  • 3.6        Recovered carbon black (rCB)           187
    • 3.6.1    Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires (ELT)   189
    • 3.6.2    Discontinuous (“batch”) pyrolysis   190
    • 3.6.3    Semi-continuous pyrolysis   190
    • 3.6.4    Continuous pyrolysis                190
    • 3.6.5    Key players      190
    • 3.6.6    Global market size for Recovered Carbon Black    191
  • 3.7        Market analysis            192
    • 3.7.1    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   192
    • 3.7.2    Regulations     193
    • 3.7.3    Supply chain  193
    • 3.7.4    Price and Costs Analysis       195
      • 3.7.4.1 Feedstock        195
      • 3.7.4.2 Commercial carbon black    195
    • 3.7.5    Competitive Landscape         196
      • 3.7.5.1 Production capacities              196
    • 3.7.6    Future Outlook             198
    • 3.7.7    Customer Segmentation        198
    • 3.7.8    Addressable Market Size        199
    • 3.7.9    Risks and Opportunities         200
    • 3.7.10 Global market                200
      • 3.7.10.1            By end-user market (100,000 tons) 200
      • 3.7.10.2            By end-user market (billion USD)      201
      • 3.7.10.3            By region (100,000 tons)        201
  • 3.8        Company profiles       203 (53 company profiles)

 

4             GRAPHITE        227

  • 4.1        Types of graphite         229
    • 4.1.1    Natural vs synthetic graphite               230
  • 4.2        Natural graphite           232
    • 4.2.1    Classification 233
    • 4.2.2    Processing       234
    • 4.2.3    Flake    234
      • 4.2.3.1 Grades               235
      • 4.2.3.2 Applications   235
      • 4.2.3.3 Spherical graphite      237
      • 4.2.3.4 Expandable graphite 238
    • 4.2.4    Amorphous graphite 239
      • 4.2.4.1 Applications   239
    • 4.2.5    Crystalline vein graphite         240
      • 4.2.5.1 Applications   240
  • 4.3        Synthetic graphite      241
    • 4.3.1    Classification 241
      • 4.3.1.1 Primary synthetic graphite    242
      • 4.3.1.2 Secondary synthetic graphite             242
    • 4.3.2    Processing       243
      • 4.3.2.1 Processing for battery anodes            243
    • 4.3.3    Issues with synthetic graphite production  244
    • 4.3.4    Isostatic Graphite       244
      • 4.3.4.1 Description     244
      • 4.3.4.2 Markets              245
      • 4.3.4.3 Producers and production capacities           245
    • 4.3.5    Graphite electrodes   245
    • 4.3.6    Extruded Graphite      247
    • 4.3.7    Vibration Molded Graphite    248
    • 4.3.8    Die-molded graphite 249
  • 4.4        New technologies       250
  • 4.5        Recycling of graphite materials          250
  • 4.6        Markers and applications      251
  • 4.7        Graphite pricing (ton)               252
    • 4.7.1    Pricing 2020-2025      252
      • 4.7.1.1 Fine Flake Graphite Prices     253
      • 4.7.1.2 Spherical Graphite Prices      254
      • 4.7.1.3 +32 Mesh Natural Flake Graphite Prices      254
      • 4.7.1.4 Large Flake      255
  • 4.8        Global production of graphite             256
    • 4.8.1    Market Dynamics and Demand Drivers (2024-2025)          256
      • 4.8.1.1 Steel Sector Weakness           256
      • 4.8.1.2 Inventory Overhang Impact  257
      • 4.8.1.3 Substitution Dynamics           257
      • 4.8.1.4 Ex-China Markets Maintain Natural Preference       257
    • 4.8.2    China dominance       258
      • 4.8.2.1 Domestic Market Competition Structure     258
      • 4.8.2.2 Strategic Cost Optimization (2021-2024)   259
      • 4.8.2.3 Government Support and Subsidy Structures          261
      • 4.8.2.4 China's Strategic Export Control Framework            261
      • 4.8.2.5 Practical Impact of Export Controls                261
    • 4.8.3    United States Subsidies, Loans, and Tariff Policy Evolution            262
      • 4.8.3.1 Federal Loan Guarantee Programs  262
      • 4.8.3.2 The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and Clean Vehicle Credit (CVC)              263
      • 4.8.3.3 FEOC Restrictions and Timeline Extensions             263
      • 4.8.3.4 Political Uncertainty - "One Big Beautiful Bill" and CVC Expiration            264
      • 4.8.3.5 Tariff Policy Evolution               264
      • 4.8.3.6 July 2025 - Preliminary AD Determination   265
      • 4.8.3.7 Chinese Retaliatory Measures           266
      • 4.8.3.8 Policy Sustainability Analysis             266
    • 4.8.4    Global mine production and reserves of natural graphite 267
    • 4.8.5    Global graphite production in tonnes, 2024-2036 268
      • 4.8.5.1 Natural Graphite          268
      • 4.8.5.2 Synthetic Graphite     268
    • 4.8.6    Western Market Cost Competitiveness Analysis   269
      • 4.8.6.1 Ex-China Natural Anode Cost Structure       269
      • 4.8.6.2 Chinese Pricing as Competitive Floor            270
      • 4.8.6.3 Policy Support Mechanisms Bridging the Gap         270
      • 4.8.6.4 Alternative Competitive Strategies  272
  • 4.9        Global market demand for graphite by end use market 2016-2036, tonnes        276
    • 4.9.1    Battery Market Dominance  276
    • 4.9.2    Steel/Refractories Sector       277
    • 4.9.3    Mature Industrial Markets     277
  • 4.10     Demand by region      278
    • 4.10.1 Asia-Pacific    279
    • 4.10.2 North America              279
    • 4.10.3 Europe                280
    • 4.10.4 Brazil   281
  • 4.11     Factors that aid graphite market growth      283
  • 4.12     Factors that hinder graphite market growth              283
  • 4.13     Main market players  284
    • 4.13.1 Natural graphite           284
    • 4.13.2 Synthetic graphite      284
  • 4.14     Market supply chain  285
  • 4.15     Lithium-ion batteries 287
    • 4.15.1 Gigafactories 289
    • 4.15.2 Anode material in electric vehicles  291
      • 4.15.2.1            Properties         292
      • 4.15.2.2            Market demand            293
      • 4.15.2.3            Global Anode Market Structure and Competitive Dynamics          293
    • 4.15.3 Recent trends in the automotive market and EVs  297
    • 4.15.4 Higher costs and tight supply              298
    • 4.15.5 Forecast for EVs           298
  • 4.16     Refractory manufacturing (Steel market)    298
    • 4.16.1 Steel market trends and graphite growth    299
    • 4.16.2 Carbon Sources for refractories        299
    • 4.16.3 Electric arc furnaces in steelmaking              299
    • 4.16.4 Recarburising 300
  • 4.17     Graphite Shapes          301
  • 4.18     Electronics      302
    • 4.18.1 Thermal management             302
  • 4.19     Fuel Cells         302
  • 4.20     Nuclear              303
  • 4.21     Lubricants       303
  • 4.22     Friction materials        304
  • 4.23     Flame retardants         304
  • 4.24     Solar and wind turbines          304
  • 4.25     Company profiles       305 (103 company profiles)

 

5             BIOCHAR          375

  • 5.1        What is biochar?         375
  • 5.2        Carbon sequestration              376
  • 5.3        Properties of biochar 377
  • 5.4        Markets and applications      379
  • 5.5        Biochar production    384
  • 5.6        Feedstocks      384
  • 5.7        Production processes              385
    • 5.7.1    Sustainable production          386
    • 5.7.2    Pyrolysis            387
      • 5.7.2.1 Slow pyrolysis               387
      • 5.7.2.2 Fast pyrolysis 388
    • 5.7.3    Gasification    389
    • 5.7.4    Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)  389
    • 5.7.5    Torrefaction     390
    • 5.7.6    Equipment manufacturers   390
  • 5.8        Carbon credits              391
    • 5.8.1    Overview           391
    • 5.8.2    Removal and reduction credits          391
    • 5.8.3    The advantage of biochar      392
    • 5.8.4    Price     392
    • 5.8.5    Buyers of biochar credits       392
    • 5.8.6    Competitive materials and technologies    392
      • 5.8.6.1 Geologic carbon sequestration         393
      • 5.8.6.2 Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS)       393
      • 5.8.6.3 Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS)   394
      • 5.8.6.4 Enhanced mineral weathering with mineral carbonation 394
      • 5.8.6.5 Ocean alkalinity enhancement          395
      • 5.8.6.6 Forest preservation and afforestation           395
  • 5.9        Markets for biochar   396
    • 5.9.1    Agriculture & livestock farming          396
      • 5.9.1.1 Market drivers and trends      396
      • 5.9.1.2 Applications   396
    • 5.9.2    Construction materials           400
      • 5.9.2.1 Market drivers and trends      400
      • 5.9.2.2 Applications   400
    • 5.9.3    Wastewater treatment             403
      • 5.9.3.1 Market drivers and trends      403
      • 5.9.3.2 Applications   404
    • 5.9.4    Filtration            405
      • 5.9.4.1 Market drivers and trends      405
      • 5.9.4.2 Applications   405
    • 5.9.5    Carbon capture            406
      • 5.9.5.1 Market drivers and trends      406
      • 5.9.5.2 Applications   406
    • 5.9.6    Cosmetics       407
      • 5.9.6.1 Market drivers and trends      407
      • 5.9.6.2 Applications   407
    • 5.9.7    Textiles               407
      • 5.9.7.1 Market drivers and trends      407
      • 5.9.7.2 Applications   408
    • 5.9.8    Additive manufacturing          408
      • 5.9.8.1 Market drivers and trends      408
      • 5.9.8.2 Applications   408
    • 5.9.9    Ink         409
      • 5.9.9.1 Market drivers and trends      409
      • 5.9.9.2 Applications   409
    • 5.9.10 Polymers           410
      • 5.9.10.1            Market drivers and trends      410
      • 5.9.10.2            Applications   410
    • 5.9.11 Packaging        411
      • 5.9.11.1            Market drivers and trends      411
      • 5.9.11.2            Applications   411
    • 5.9.12 Steel and metal            412
      • 5.9.12.1            Market drivers and trends      412
      • 5.9.12.2            Applications   412
    • 5.9.13 Energy 413
      • 5.9.13.1            Market drivers and trends      413
      • 5.9.13.2            Applications   413
  • 5.10     Market analysis            417
    • 5.10.1 Market Growth Drivers and Trends   417
    • 5.10.2 Regulations     417
    • 5.10.3 Price and Costs Analysis       417
    • 5.10.4 Supply Chain 418
    • 5.10.5 Competitive Landscape         419
    • 5.10.6 Future Outlook             419
    • 5.10.7 Customer Segmentation        419
    • 5.10.8 Addressable Market Size        420
    • 5.10.9 Risks and Opportunities         421
  • 5.11     Global market                422
    • 5.11.1 By end use market      422
    • 5.11.2 By region           423
    • 5.11.3 By feedstocks 424
      • 5.11.3.1            China and Asia-Pacific            424
      • 5.11.3.2            North America              426
      • 5.11.3.3            Europe                426
      • 5.11.3.4            South America              427
      • 5.11.3.5            Africa   428
      • 5.11.3.6            Middle East     429
  • 5.12     Company profiles       430 (147 company profiles)

 

6             GRAPHENE      514

  • 6.1        Types of graphene      514
  • 6.2        Properties         516
  • 6.3        Market analysis            517
    • 6.3.1    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   517
    • 6.3.2    Regulations     519
    • 6.3.3    Price and Costs Analysis       519
      • 6.3.3.1 Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene      522
      • 6.3.3.2 Few-Layer graphene pricing 522
      • 6.3.3.3 Graphene nanoplatelets pricing        523
      • 6.3.3.4 Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing             524
      • 6.3.3.5 Multi-Layer graphene (MLG) pricing 525
      • 6.3.3.6 Graphene ink 526
    • 6.3.4    Markets and applications      527
      • 6.3.4.1 Batteries            527
      • 6.3.4.2 Supercapacitors          528
      • 6.3.4.3 Polymer additives       530
      • 6.3.4.4 Sensors             531
      • 6.3.4.5 Conductive inks           533
      • 6.3.4.6 Transparent conductive films             534
      • 6.3.4.7 Transistors and integrated circuits   536
      • 6.3.4.8 Filtration            538
      • 6.3.4.9 Thermal management             540
      • 6.3.4.10            Additive Manufacturing/3D printing 542
      • 6.3.4.11            Adhesives         544
      • 6.3.4.12            Aerospace        545
      • 6.3.4.13            Automotive      548
      • 6.3.4.14            Fuel cells          550
      • 6.3.4.15            Biomedical and healthcare  551
      • 6.3.4.16            Building and Construction    554
      • 6.3.4.17            Paints and coatings   556
      • 6.3.4.18            Photovoltaics 558
    • 6.3.5    Supply Chain 560
    • 6.3.6    Production Capacities             562
    • 6.3.7    Future Outlook             568
    • 6.3.8    Addressable Market Size        572
    • 6.3.9    Risks and Opportunities         578
    • 6.3.10 Global demand 2018-2036, tons     579
      • 6.3.10.1            Global demand by graphene material (tons)             579
      • 6.3.10.2            Global demand by end user market                580
      • 6.3.10.3            Graphene market, by region 580
  • 6.4        Company profiles       582 (359 company profiles)

 

7             CARBON NANOTUBES            818

  • 7.1        Properties         818
    • 7.1.1    Comparative properties of CNTs       819
  • 7.2        Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)               820
    • 7.2.1    Properties         820
    • 7.2.2    Markets and applications      820
  • 7.3        Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)             824
    • 7.3.1    Properties         824
    • 7.3.2    Markets and applications      824
  • 7.4        Market Overview          826
    • 7.4.1    Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)            826
    • 7.4.2    Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs)           827
    • 7.4.3    Market Demand by End-Use Market (2020-2036) 827
  • 7.5        Markets for Carbon Nanotubes         828
    • 7.5.1    Energy Storage              828
    • 7.5.2    Polymer Composites 829
    • 7.5.3    Electronics      830
    • 7.5.4    Thermal interface materials 831
    • 7.5.5    Construction  831
    • 7.5.6    Coatings            832
    • 7.5.7    Automotive      833
    • 7.5.8    Aerospace        834
    • 7.5.9    Others (Filtration, Sensors, Medical Devices, Lubricants, and Emerging Applications)               835
  • 7.6        Company profiles       836 (154 company profiles)
  • 7.7        Other types     946
    • 7.7.1    Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs)              946
      • 7.7.1.1 Properties         946
      • 7.7.1.2 Applications   947
    • 7.7.2    Vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs)     947
      • 7.7.2.1 Properties         947
      • 7.7.2.2 Applications   948
    • 7.7.3    Few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs)      949
      • 7.7.3.1 Properties         949
      • 7.7.3.2 Applications   949
    • 7.7.4    Carbon Nanohorns (CNHs)  950
      • 7.7.4.1 Properties         950
      • 7.7.4.2 Applications   950
    • 7.7.5    Carbon Nano-Onions              951
      • 7.7.5.1 Properties         951
      • 7.7.5.2 Applications   952
      • 7.7.5.3 Production and Pricing            952
    • 7.7.6    Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs)    953
      • 7.7.6.1 Properties         953
      • 7.7.6.2 Applications   953
      • 7.7.6.3 Production       954
    • 7.7.7    Companies     955 (6 company profiles)

 

8             CARBON NANOFIBERS           959

  • 8.1        Properties         959
  • 8.2        Synthesis          959
    • 8.2.1    Chemical vapor deposition  959
    • 8.2.2    Electrospinning            959
    • 8.2.3    Template-based           960
    • 8.2.4    From biomass               960
  • 8.3        Markets              960
    • 8.3.1    Energy storage              960
      • 8.3.1.1 Batteries            960
      • 8.3.1.2 Supercapacitors          961
      • 8.3.1.3 Fuel cells          961
    • 8.3.2    CO2 capture   961
    • 8.3.3    Composites    962
    • 8.3.4    Filtration            962
    • 8.3.5    Catalysis           962
    • 8.3.6    Sensors             962
    • 8.3.7    Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding          963
    • 8.3.8    Biomedical      963
    • 8.3.9    Concrete           963
  • 8.4        Market analysis            964
    • 8.4.1    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   964
    • 8.4.2    Price and Costs Analysis       964
    • 8.4.3    Supply Chain 965
    • 8.4.4    Future Outlook             965
    • 8.4.5    Addressable Market Size        966
    • 8.4.6    Risks and Opportunities         967
  • 8.5        Global market revenues          967
  • 8.6        Companies     969 (12 company profiles)

 

9             FULLERENES 977

  • 9.1        Properties         977
  • 9.2        Markets and applications      978
  • 9.3        Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   979
  • 9.4        Market analysis            980
    • 9.4.1    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   980
    • 9.4.2    Price and Costs Analysis       980
    • 9.4.3    Supply Chain 981
    • 9.4.4    Future Outlook             981
    • 9.4.5    Customer Segmentation        981
    • 9.4.6    Addressable Market Size        982
    • 9.4.7    Risks and Opportunities         982
    • 9.4.8    Global market demand           983
  • 9.5        Producers         984 (20 company profiles)

 

10          NANODIAMONDS       995

  • 10.1     Introduction    995
  • 10.2     Types   995
    • 10.2.1 Detonation Nanodiamonds 996
    • 10.2.2 Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs)               999
    • 10.2.3 Diamond semiconductors    999
  • 10.3     Markets and applications      1000
  • 10.4     Market analysis            1003
    • 10.4.1 Market Growth Drivers and Trends   1003
    • 10.4.2 Regulations     1004
    • 10.4.3 Price and Costs Analysis       1004
    • 10.4.4 Supply Chain 1008
    • 10.4.5 Future Outlook             1008
    • 10.4.6 Risks and Opportunities         1010
    • 10.4.7 Global demand 2018-2036, tonnes 1010
  • 10.5     Company profiles       1011 (30 company profiles)

 

11          GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS              1036

  • 11.1     Comparison to quantum dots            1037
  • 11.2     Properties         1038
  • 11.3     Synthesis          1038
    • 11.3.1 Top-down method      1038
    • 11.3.2 Bottom-up method    1039
  • 11.4     Applications   1041
  • 11.5     Graphene quantum dots pricing       1041
  • 11.6     Graphene quantum dot producers  1043 (9 company profiles)

 

12          CARBON FOAM            1051

  • 12.1     Types   1051
    • 12.1.1 Carbon aerogels          1051
      • 12.1.1.1            Carbon-based aerogel composites 1052
  • 12.2     Properties         1052
  • 12.3     Markets and Applications      1053
  • 12.4     Company profiles       1056 (10 company profiles)

 

13          DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON (DLC) COATINGS               1063

  • 13.1     Properties         1064
  • 13.2     Applications and markets      1065
  • 13.3     Global market size     1066
  • 13.4     Company profiles       1068 (9 company profiles)

 

14          ACTIVATED CARBON 1074

  • 14.1     Overview           1074
  • 14.2     Types   1074
    • 14.2.1 Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)  1076
    • 14.2.2 Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)    1076
    • 14.2.3 Extruded Activated Carbon (EAC)    1076
    • 14.2.4 Impregnated Activated Carbon          1076
    • 14.2.5 Bead Activated Carbon (BAC               1076
    • 14.2.6 Polymer Coated Carbon         1076
  • 14.3     Production       1077
    • 14.3.1 Coal-based Activated Carbon            1077
    • 14.3.2 Wood-based Activated Carbon         1077
    • 14.3.3 Coconut Shell-based Activated Carbon      1077
    • 14.3.4 Fruit Stone and Nutshell-based Activated Carbon                1077
    • 14.3.5 Polymer-based Activated Carbon    1077
    • 14.3.6 Activated Carbon Fibers (ACFs)         1077
  • 14.4     Markets and applications      1078
    • 14.4.1 Water Treatment          1078
    • 14.4.2 Air Purification              1079
    • 14.4.3 Food and Beverage Processing          1079
    • 14.4.4 Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications 1079
    • 14.4.5 Chemical and Petrochemical Industries     1079
    • 14.4.6 Mining and Precious Metal Recovery              1079
    • 14.4.7 Environmental Remediation 1079
  • 14.5     Market analysis            1080
    • 14.5.1 Market Growth Drivers and Trends   1080
    • 14.5.2 Regulations     1081
    • 14.5.3 Price and Costs Analysis       1081
    • 14.5.4 Supply Chain 1082
    • 14.5.5 Future Outlook             1083
    • 14.5.6 Customer Segmentation        1084
    • 14.5.7 Addressable Market Size        1085
    • 14.5.8 Risks and Opportunities         1087
  • 14.6     Global market revenues 2020-2036               1087
  • 14.7     Companies     1089 (22 company profiles)

 

15          CARBON AEROGELS AND XEROGELS          1102

  • 15.1     Overview           1102
  • 15.2     Types   1102
    • 15.2.1 Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels     1102
    • 15.2.2 Phenolic-Furfural (PF) Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels        1102
    • 15.2.3 Melamine-Formaldehyde (MF) Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels     1103
    • 15.2.4 Biomass-derived Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels   1103
    • 15.2.5 Doped Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels           1103
    • 15.2.6 Composite Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels 1103
  • 15.3     Markets and applications      1103
    • 15.3.1 Energy Storage              1104
    • 15.3.2 Thermal Insulation     1104
    • 15.3.3 Catalysis           1104
    • 15.3.4 Environmental Remediation 1105
    • 15.3.5 Other Applications     1105
  • 15.4     Market analysis            1105
    • 15.4.1 Market Growth Drivers and Trends   1105
    • 15.4.2 Regulations     1106
    • 15.4.3 Price and Costs Analysis       1107
    • 15.4.4 Supply Chain 1107
    • 15.4.5 Future Outlook             1108
    • 15.4.6 Customer Segmentation        1108
    • 15.4.7 Addressable Market Size        1109
    • 15.4.8 Risks and Opportunities         1109
  • 15.5     Global market                1110
  • 15.6     Companies     1111 (10 company profiles)

 

16          CARBON MATERIALS FROM CARBON CAPTURE AND UTILIZATION          1123

  • 16.1     CO2 capture from point sources      1124
    • 16.1.1 Transportation              1125
    • 16.1.2 Global point source CO2 capture capacities           1125
  • 16.2     Main carbon capture processes        1127
    • 16.2.1 Materials           1127
    • 16.2.2 Post-combustion        1129
    • 16.2.3 Oxy-fuel combustion                1130
    • 16.2.4 Liquid or supercritical CO2: Allam-Fetvedt Cycle  1131
    • 16.2.5 Pre-combustion           1132
  • 16.3     Carbon separation technologies       1133
    • 16.3.1 Absorption capture    1134
    • 16.3.2 Adsorption capture    1138
    • 16.3.3 Membranes    1140
    • 16.3.4 Liquid or supercritical CO2 (Cryogenic) capture    1142
    • 16.3.5 Chemical Looping-Based Capture  1142
    • 16.3.6 Calix Advanced Calciner        1143
    • 16.3.7 Other technologies    1144
      • 16.3.7.1            Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)          1145
    • 16.3.8 Comparison of key separation technologies             1146
    • 16.3.9 Electrochemical conversion of CO2               1146
      • 16.3.9.1            Process overview        1147
  • 16.4     Direct air capture (DAC)         1149
    • 16.4.1 Description     1149
  • 16.5     Companies     1152 (4 company profiles)

 

17          RESEARCH METHODOLOGY              1155

 

18          REFERENCES 1156

 

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Advanced Carbon Materials Market 2024–2036 (Billions USD) 55
  • Table 2. The advanced carbon materials market.  56
  • Table 3. Applications and Properties of Carbon Materials in Thermal Management for IC/Chip Manufacturing.            60
  • Table 4. Companies and Products Utilizing Carbon Materials in Thermal Management for IC/Chip Manufacturing.            61
  • Table 5.Carbon-Based Thermal Management Materials   63
  • Table 6. Carbon-Based Battery Additives    64
  • Table 7. Classification and types of the carbon fibers.       69
  • Table 8. Summary of carbon fiber properties.          70
  • Table 9. Modulus classifications of carbon fiber.   70
  • Table 10. Comparison of main precursor fibers.     72
  • Table 11. Properties of lignins and their applications.        78
  • Table 12. Lignin-derived anodes in lithium batteries.          79
  • Table 13. Fiber properties of polyolefin-based CFs.             80
  • Table 14. Summary of carbon fiber (CF) recycling technologies. Advantages and disadvantages.       83
  • Table 15. Retention rate of tensile properties of recovered carbon fibres by different recycling processes.       84
  • Table 16. Recycled carbon fiber producers, technology and capacity.    85
  • Table 17. Methods for direct fiber integration.         86
  • Table 18. Continuous fiber 3D printing producers.                87
  • Table 19. Summary of markets and applications for CFRPs.          89
  • Table 20. Comparison of CFRP to competing materials.   91
  • Table 21. The market for carbon fibers in wind energy-market drivers, applications, desirable properties, pricing and key players.           92
  • Table 22. The market for carbon fibers in sports & leisure-market drivers, applications, desirable properties, pricing and key players. 93
  • Table 23. The market for carbon fibers in automotive-market drivers, applications, desirable properties, pricing and key players.           94
  • Table 24. The market for carbon fibers in pressure vessels-market drivers, desirable properties of CF, applications, pricing, key players.    95
  • Table 25. The market for carbon fibers in oil and gas-market drivers, desirable properties, applications, pricing and key players.           96
  • Table 26. Market drivers and trends in carbon fibers.          97
  • Table 27. Regulations pertaining to carbon fibers  98
  • Table 28. Price and costs analysis for carbon fibers.           98
  • Table 29. Carbon fibers supply chain.           99
  • Table 30. Production capacities of carbon fiber producers, in metric tonnes, current and planned.  100
  • Table 31. Future Outlook by End-Use Market.          101
  • Table 32. Addressable market size for carbon fibers by market.  103
  • Table 33. Market challenges in the CF and CFRP market. 103
  • Table 34. Global carbon fiber demand 2016-2036, by industry (MT).       104
  • Table 35. Global Carbon Fiber Demand 2020–2036, by Region (Thousand Metric Tonnes)        105
  • Table 36. Global Carbon Fiber Revenues 2020–2036, by Industry (Billions USD)              106
  • Table 37. Main Toray production sites and capacities.       122
  • Table 38. Commercially available carbon black grades.   173
  • Table 39. Properties of carbon black and influence on performance.      175
  • Table 40. Carbon black compounds.             179
  • Table 41. Carbon black manufacturing processes, advantages and disadvantages.    180
  • Table 42: Market drivers for carbon black in the tire industry.        183
  • Table 43.  Global market for carbon black in tires (Million metric tons), 2018 to 2036. 184
  • Table 44. Carbon black non-tire applications.         184
  • Table 45. Specialty carbon black demand, 2018-2036 (000s Tons), by market. 187
  • Table 46. Categories for recovered carbon black (rCB) based on key properties and intended applications.  187
  • Table 47. rCB post-treatment technologies.             188
  • Table 48. Recovered carbon black producers.         190
  • Table 49. Recovered carbon black demand, 2018–2036 (000s Tons), by market               192
  • Table 50. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Carbon Black.      192
  • Table 51. Regulations pertaining to carbon black. 193
  • Table 52. Market supply chain for carbon black.    194
  • Table 53 Pricing of carbon black.      195
  • Table 54. Carbon black capacities, by producer.    196
  • Table 55. Future outlook for carbon black by end use market.      198
  • Table 56. Customer Segmentation: Carbon Black.               199
  • Table 57. Addressable market size for carbon black by market.   199
  • Table 58. Risks and Opportunities in Carbon Black.            200
  • Table 59. Global market for carbon black 2018–2036, by end-user market (100,000 tons)       200
  • Table 60. Global market for carbon black 2018–2036, by end-user market (billion USD)            201
  • Table 61. Global market for carbon black 2018–2036, by region (100,000 tons)               202
  • Table 62. Selected physical properties of graphite.              227
  • Table 63. Characteristics of natural and synthetic graphite.          228
  • Table 64. Comparison between Natural and Synthetic Graphite.               230
  • Table 65. Natural graphite size categories, their advantages, average prices, and applications.            233
  • Table 66. Classification of natural graphite with its characteristics.         233
  • Table 67. Applications of flake graphite.      235
  • Table 68. Amorphous graphite applications.            239
  • Table 69. Crystalline vein graphite applications.    240
  • Table 70. Characteristics of synthetic graphite.      241
  • Table 71: Main markets and applications of isostatic graphite.    245
  • Table 72. Current or planned production capacities for isostatic graphite.          245
  • Table 73. Main graphite electrode producers and capacities (MT/year). 245
  • Table 74. Extruded graphite applications.   247
  • Table 75. Applications of Vibration Molded Graphite.         248
  • Table 76. Applicaitons of Die-molded graphite.      249
  • Table 77. Recycled refractory graphite applications.           250
  • Table 78. Markets and applications of graphite.     251
  • Table 79. Pricing by Graphite Type, 2020-2025.      252
  • Table 80. Fine Flake Graphite Prices (-100 mesh, 90-97% C).        253
  • Table 81. Spherical Graphite Prices (99.95% C).    254
  • Table 82. Spherical Graphite Quality Grades and Applications.   254
  • Table 83. +32 Mesh Natural Flake Graphite Prices (>500μm, 94-97% C).              254
  • Table 84. Large Flake Premium Analysis.    255
  • Table 85. Graphite Pricing Compression Analysis 2022-2024.     255
  • Table 86.Chinese Battery AAM Mix Evolution.          257
  • Table 87. Chinese Graphite Anode Market Structure.          258
  • Table 88. Chinese Graphitisation Cost Evolution 2021-2024.       260
  • Table 89. Chinese Feedstock Cost Dynamics 2021-2024.              261
  • Table 90. Examples of Graphite-Related Federal Support.              262
  • Table 91. Potential Final Combined Tariffs (if affirmative final determinations).                265
  • Table 92. Estimated global mine Production of natural graphite 2020-2025, by country (tons).             267
  • Table 93. Global graphite production in tonnes, 2024-2036.         268
  • Table 94. Natural Graphite Breakdown (2024 & 2036).       268
  • Table 95. Synthetic Graphite Breakdown (2024 & 2036).  268
  • Table 96. Typical cost breakdown for ex-China natural graphite AAM production (per tonne). 269
  • Table 97. Synthetic Anode Cost Dynamics.               269
  • Table 98. Ex-China Natural Anode Cost Structure Analysis.           270
  • Table 99. Current and potential tariff structures.   271
  • Table 100. US Graphite Tariff Evolution and Impact Analysis.       271
  • Table 101. Landed Cost Impact (Chinese AAM @ US$5,000-7,000/t DDP China).           272
  • Table 102. Competitive Positioning Analysis.          276
  • Table 103. Global Graphite Demand by End-Use Market 2020-2036 (tonnes).  277
  • Table 104. End Use Market Share Evolution.             277
  • Table 105. Global Graphite Demand by Regional Market 2020-2036 (tonnes).  278
  • Table 106. Asia-Pacific Graphite Demand by Application 2020-2036 (tonnes). 279
  • Table 107. North America Graphite Demand by Application 2020-2036 (tonnes)            280
  • Table 108. North America Supply vs Demand Balance (AAM only).           280
  • Table 109. Europe Graphite Demand by Application 2020-2036 (tonnes)             281
  • Table 110. Europe Supply vs Demand Gap (AAM, kt):         281
  • Table 111. Brazil Graphite Demand by Application 2020-2036 (tonnes) 282
  • Table 112. Brazil Supply-Demand Balance:               282
  • Table 113. Main natural graphite producers.             284
  • Table 114. Main synthetic graphite producers.        285
  • Table 115. Key minerals in an EV battery.     288
  • Table 116. Global Battery Demand by Chemistry and Anode Type (2024-2030).              288
  • Table 117. Current and planned gigafactories.       289
  • Table 118. Key Battery Anode Specifications.          296
  • Table 119. Historical Anode Pricing Trends (DDP China). 296
  • Table 120. Major Anode Producer Profiles and Competitive Positioning 297
  • Table 121. Overview of thermal management materials. 302
  • Table 122. Graphite production capacities by producer.   305
  • Table 123. Next Resources graphite flake products.            348
  • Table 124. Summary of key properties of biochar. 377
  • Table 125. Biochar physicochemical and morphological properties         377
  • Table 126. Markets and applications for biochar.  379
  • Table 127. Biochar feedstocks-source, carbon content, and characteristics.    384
  • Table 128. Biochar production technologies, description, advantages and disadvantages.    386
  • Table 129. Comparison of slow and fast pyrolysis for biomass.  389
  • Table 130. Comparison of thermochemical processes for biochar production.                390
  • Table 131. Biochar production equipment manufacturers.            390
  • Table 132. Competitive materials and technologies that can also earn carbon credits.              392
  • Table 133.  Biochar applications in agriculture and livestock farming.    396
  • Table 134. Effect of biochar on different soil properties.   397
  • Table 135.  Fertilizer products and their associated N, P, and K content.               398
  • Table 136. Application of biochar in construction.                400
  • Table 137. Process and benefits of biochar as an amendment in cement .          401
  • Table 138. Application of biochar in asphalt.           402
  • Table 139. Biochar applications for wastewater treatment.            404
  • Table 140. Biochar in carbon capture overview.     406
  • Table 141. Biochar in cosmetic products.   407
  • Table 142. Biochar in textiles.             408
  • Table 143. Biochar in additive manufacturing.        408
  • Table 144. Biochar in ink.       409
  • Table 145. Biochar in packaging.      411
  • Table 146. Companies using biochar in packaging.             412
  • Table 147. Biochar in steel and metal.          413
  • Table 148. Summary of applications of biochar in energy.               413
  • Table 149. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in biochar. 417
  • Table 150. Regulations pertaining to biochar.          417
  • Table 151. Biochar supply chain.      418
  • Table 152. Key players, manufacturing methods and target markets.      419
  • Table 153. Future outlook for biochar by end use market.                419
  • Table 154. Customer Segmentation for Biochar.    419
  • Table 155. Addressable market size for biochar by market.            420
  • Table 156. Risk and opportunities in Biochar.          421
  • Table 157. Global demand for biochar 2018-2036 (1,000 tons), by market.         422
  • Table 158. Global demand for biochar 2018-2036 (1,000 tons), by region.           423
  • Table 159. Biochar production by feedstocks in China (1,000 tons), 2023-2036.             424
  • Table 160. Biochar production by feedstocks in Asia-Pacific (1,000 tons), 2023-2036.               425
  • Table 161. Biochar production by feedstocks in Asia-Pacific (excluding China) (1,000 tons), 2023–2036.                426
  • Table 162. Biochar production by feedstocks in North America (1,000 tons), 2023-2036.         426
  • Table 163. Biochar production by feedstocks in Europe (1,000 tons), 2023-2036.          427
  • Table 164. Biochar production by feedstocks in Africa (1,000 tons), 2023-2036.             428
  • Table 165. Biochar production by feedstocks in the Middle East (tons), 2023–2036      429
  • Table 166. Various Forms of Graphene and Related Materials      514
  • Table 167. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof.  516
  • Table 168. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in graphene.            517
  • Table 169. Regulations pertaining to graphene.      519
  • Table 170. Types of graphene and typical prices.   519
  • Table 171. Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer.   522
  • Table 172. Few-layer graphene pricing by producer.            523
  • Table 173. Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer.  523
  • Table 174. Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Pricing by Producer (2025 Updated)           524
  • Table 175. Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer.          525
  • Table 176. Graphene ink pricing by producer.           526
  • Table 177. Market and applications for graphene in automotive (20255-2036). 549
  • Table 178. Graphene supply chain. 560
  • Table 179. Graphene producer production capacities.      562
  • Table 180. Future outlook for graphene by end use market.            568
  • Table 181. Addressable market size for graphene by market.        573
  • Table 182. Risks and Opportunities in Graphene.  578
  • Table 183. Global graphene demand by type of graphene material, 2018-2036 (tons). 579
  • Table 184. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2036 (tons).          580
  • Table 185. Global graphene demand, by region, 2018-2036 (tons).          581
  • Table 186. Performance criteria of energy storage devices.            813
  • Table 187. Typical properties of SWCNT and MWCNT.       818
  • Table 188. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials.              819
  • Table 189. Applications of MWCNTs.             820
  • Table 190. Comparative properties of MWCNT and SWCNT.          824
  • Table 191. Markets, benefits and applications of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.   825
  • Table 192. Updated MWCNT Production Capacity Table (2024/2025)     827
  • Table 193. SWCNT Production Capacity (2024)     827
  • Table 194. Market demand for carbon nanotubes by end-use market, 2020-2036 (metric tons)           828
  • Table 195. Application roadmap for carbon nanotubes in energy storage, 2025-2036. 828
  • Table 196. Application roadmap for carbon nanotubes in polymer composites, 2025-2036.  829
  • Table 197. Application roadmap for carbon nanotubes in electronics, 2025-2036.       830
  • Table 198. Application roadmap for carbon nanotubes in thermal interface materials, 2025-2036.   831
  • Table 199. Application roadmap for carbon nanotubes in construction, 2025-2036.   832
  • Table 200. Application roadmap for carbon nanotubes in coatings, 2025-2036.             832
  • Table 201. Application roadmap for carbon nanotubes in automotive, 2025-2036.       833
  • Table 202. Application roadmap for carbon nanotubes in aerospace, 2025-2036.         834
  • Table 203. Application roadmap for carbon nanotubes in other end-use markets, 2025-2036.             835
  • Table 204. Chasm SWCNT products.             859
  • Table 205. Thomas Swan SWCNT production.         931
  • Table 206. Properties of carbon nanotube paper.  934
  • Table 207. Applications of Double-walled carbon nanotubes.     947
  • Table 208. Markets and applications for Vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs).        948
  • Table 209. Markets and applications for few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs).           949
  • Table 210. Markets and applications for carbon nanohorns.         950
  • Table 211. Comparative properties of BNNTs and CNTs.  953
  • Table 212. Applications of BNNTs.   953
  • Table 213. Carbon Nanofibers from Biomass Analysis.    960
  • Table 214. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Carbon Nanofibers.      964
  • Table 215. Price and Cost Analysis for Carbon Nanofibers.            964
  • Table 216. Carbon nanofibers supply chain.            965
  • Table 217. Future outlook for CNFs by end use market.    965
  • Table 218. Addressable market size for CNFs by market. 966
  • Table 219. Risks and Opportunities Analysis for Carbon Nanofibers.      967
  • Table 220. Global market revenues for carbon nanofibers 2020-2036 (millions USD), by market          968
  • Table 221. Market overview for fullerenes-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications.              977
  • Table 222. Types of fullerenes and applications.    978
  • Table 223. Products incorporating fullerenes.          978
  • Table 224. Markets, benefits and applications of fullerenes.         978
  • Table 225. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Fullerenes.          980
  • Table 226. Price and costs analysis for Fullerenes.               980
  • Table 227. Fullerenes supply chain.               981
  • Table 228. Future outlook for Fullerenes by end use market.         981
  • Table 229. Addressable market size for Fullerenes by market.      982
  • Table 230. Risks and Opportunities Analysis.          982
  • Table 231. Global market demand for  fullerenes, 2018-2036 (tons).      983
  • Table 232. Properties of nanodiamonds.    997
  • Table 233. Summary of types of NDS and production methods-advantages and disadvantages.        998
  • Table 234. Markets, benefits and applications of nanodiamonds.             1000
  • Table 235. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Nanodiamonds.              1003
  • Table 236. Regulations pertaining to Nanodiamonds.       1004
  • Table 237. Price and costs analysis for Nanodiamonds.  1004
  • Table 238. Price of nanodiamonds by producer.     1006
  • Table 239. Nanodiamonds supply chain.    1008
  • Table 240. Future outlook for Nanodiamonds by end use market.              1009
  • Table 241. Risks and Opportunities in Nanodiamonds.    1010
  • Table 242. Demand for nanodiamonds (metric tonnes), 2018-2036.       1011
  • Table 243. Production methods, by main ND producers. 1011
  • Table 244. Adamas Nanotechnologies, Inc. nanodiamond product list. 1013
  • Table 245. Carbodeon Ltd. Oy nanodiamond product list.              1017
  • Table 246. Daicel nanodiamond product list.           1019
  • Table 247. FND Biotech Nanodiamond product list.            1021
  • Table 248. JSC Sinta nanodiamond product list.    1025
  • Table 249. Plasmachem product list and applications.     1032
  • Table 250. Ray-Techniques Ltd. nanodiamonds product list.         1033
  • Table 251. Comparison of ND produced by detonation and laser synthesis.      1033
  • Table 252. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs.         1037
  • Table 253. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for preparing GQDs.      1040
  • Table 254. Applications of graphene quantum dots.           1041
  • Table 255. Prices for graphene quantum dots.        1042
  • Table 256. Properties of carbon foam materials.    1053
  • Table 257. Applications of carbon foams.  1054
  • Table 258. Properties of Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings.     1064
  • Table 259. Applications and markets for Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings. 1066
  • Table 260. Global revenues for DLC coatings, 2018-2036 (Billion USD). 1067
  • Table 261. Markets and Applications for Activated Carbon.           1078
  • Table 262. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Activated Carbon.          1080
  • Table 263. Regulations pertaining to Activated Carbon.    1081
  • Table 264. Price and costs analysis for Activated Carbon.              1082
  • Table 265. Activated Carbon supply chain.                1082
  • Table 266. Future outlook for Activated Carbon by end use market.         1083
  • Table 267. Addressable market size for Activated Carbon by market.      1085
  • Table 268. Risks and Opportunities in Activated Carbon. 1087
  • Table 269. Global market revenues for Activated Carbon 2020-2036 (millions USD), by market.          1087
  • Table 270. Markets and Applications for Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels.              1103
  • Table 271. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels.             1105
  • Table 272. Regulations pertaining to Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels.       1106
  • Table 273. Price and costs analysis for Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels.  1107
  • Table 274. Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels supply chain.   1107
  • Table 275. Future outlook for Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels by end use market.            1108
  • Table 276. Addressable market size for Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels by market.         1109
  • Table 277. Risks and Opportunities in Carbon Aerogels.   1109
  • Table 278. Global market revenues for Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels 2020-2036 (millions USD), by market.              1110
  • Table 279. Point source examples.  1124
  • Table 280.Historical Growth of Global Operational CCS Capacity (2010–2025)               1126
  • Table 281.Global CCS Project Pipeline Status (2025)         1126
  • Table 282.Major Operational CCS Facilities Worldwide (2025)    1126
  • Table 283. Assessment of carbon capture materials           1127
  • Table 284. Chemical solvents used in post-combustion. 1130
  • Table 285. Commercially available physical solvents for pre-combustion carbon capture.      1133
  • Table 286. Main capture processes and their separation technologies. 1133
  • Table 287. Absorption methods for CO2 capture overview.            1134
  • Table 288. Commercially available physical solvents used in CO2 absorption. 1136
  • Table 289. Adsorption methods for CO2 capture overview.            1138
  • Table 290. Membrane-based methods for CO2 capture overview.             1140
  • Table 291. Comparison of main separation technologies.               1146
  • Table 292. CO2 derived products via electrochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.            1147
  • Table 293. Advantages and disadvantages of DAC.              1151

 

List of Figures

  • Figure 1.  Manufacturing process of PAN type carbon fibers.         73
  • Figure 2. Production processes for pitch-based carbon fibers.    75
  • Figure 3. Lignin/celluose precursor. 77
  • Figure 4. Process of preparing CF from lignin.          78
  • Figure 5. Neustark modular plant.   116
  • Figure 6. CR-9 carbon fiber wheel.  134
  • Figure 7. The Continuous Kinetic Mixing system.   139
  • Figure 8. Chemical decomposition process of polyurethane foam.          169
  • Figure 9. Electron microscope image of carbon black.      174
  • Figure 10. Different shades of black, depending on the surface of Carbon Black.           176
  • Figure 11. Structure- Aggregate Size/Shape Distribution. 176
  • Figure 12. Surface Chemistry – Surface Functionality Distribution.          177
  • Figure 13. Sequence of structure development of Carbon Black.               178
  • Figure 14. Carbon Black pigment in Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer.      179
  • Figure 15 Break-down of raw materials (by weight) used in a tire.               182
  • Figure 16. Applications of specialty carbon black.               185
  • Figure 17. Pyrolysis process: from ELT to rCB, oil, and syngas, and applications thereof.           189
  • Figure 18. Nike Algae Ink graphic tee.             215
  • Figure 19. Structure of graphite.        227
  • Figure 20. Comparison of SEM micrographs of sphere-shaped natural graphite (NG; after several processing steps) and synthetic graphite (SG).       230
  • Figure 21. Overview of graphite production, processing and applications.          232
  • Figure 22. Flake graphite.       235
  • Figure 23. Flake graphite production              237
  • Figure 24. Amorphous graphite.        239
  • Figure 25. Vein graphite.         241
  • Figure 26: Isostatic pressed graphite.            244
  • Figure 27. Global market for graphite EAFs, 2018-2036 (MT).        246
  • Figure 28. Extruded graphite rod.      247
  • Figure 29. Vibration Molded Graphite.           248
  • Figure 30. Die-molded graphite products.  249
  • Figure 31. Graphite market supply chain (battery market).              287
  • Figure 32. 2 Graphite: Content and share of total cell weight, for common types of lithium-ion cells for battery-powered electric vehicles. 292
  • Figure 33. Graphite as active anode material in lithium-ion cell. 292
  • Figure 34.  Schematic illustration of an EAF.              300
  • Figure 35. Biochars from different sources, and by pyrolyzation at different temperatures.      375
  • Figure 36. Compressed biochar.       379
  • Figure 37. Biochar production diagram.      386
  • Figure 38. Pyrolysis process and by-products in agriculture.         388
  • Figure 39. Perennial ryegrass plants grown in clay soil with (Right) and without (Left) biochar.               399
  • Figure 40. Biochar bricks.      402
  • Figure 41. Biochar production by feedstocks in South America (1,000 tons), 2023-2036.         427
  • Figure 42. Capchar prototype pyrolysis kiln.             447
  • Figure 43. Made of Air's HexChar panels.   483
  • Figure 44. Takavator.  506
  • Figure 45. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene. 516
  • Figure 46. Applications Roadmap for Graphene in Batteries (2025–2036)            528
  • Figure 47. Applications Roadmap for Graphene in Supercapacitors (2025–2036)          529
  • Figure 48. Applications Roadmap for Graphene in Polymer Additives (2025–2036)       531
  • Figure 49. Applications Roadmap for Graphene in Sensors (2025–2036)              532
  • Figure 50. Applications roadmap for graphene in conductive inks (2025-2036).              534
  • Figure 51. Applications roadmap for graphene in transparent conductive films and displays (2025–2036)                536
  • Figure 52. Applications roadmap for graphene transistors (2025-2036).               538
  • Figure 53. Applications roadmap for graphene filtration membranes (2025–2036)        540
  • Figure 54. Applications roadmap for graphene in thermal management (2025-2036). 542
  • Figure 55. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in additive manufacturing.        543
  • Figure 56. Applications roadmap for graphene in adhesives (2025-2036).           545
  • Figure 57. Applications roadmap for graphene in aerospace (2205-2036).          547
  • Figure 58. Applications roadmap for graphene in fuel cells (2025–2036)              551
  • Figure 59. Applications roadmap for graphene in graphene in biomedical and healthcare (2025-2036).                553
  • Figure 60. Applications roadmap for graphene in graphene in building and construction (2025-2036).                556
  • Figure 61. Applications roadmap for graphene in graphene in paints and coatings (2025-2036).         558
  • Figure 62. Applications roadmap for graphene in in photovoltaics.           560
  • Figure 63. Graphene heating films. 582
  • Figure 64. Graphene flake products.              588
  • Figure 65. Printed graphene biosensors.     597
  • Figure 66. Prototype of printed memory device.     602
  • Figure 67. Brain Scientific electrode schematic.    617
  • Figure 68. Graphene battery schematic.      641
  • Figure 69. Dotz Nano GQD products.            643
  • Figure 70. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell.           649
  • Figure 71. Proprietary atmospheric CVD production.         658
  • Figure 72.  InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination.     690
  • Figure 73. Sensor surface.    705
  • Figure 74. BioStamp nPoint. 721
  • Figure 75. Nanotech Energy battery.               738
  • Figure 76. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept.              741
  • Figure 77. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite.  742
  • Figure 78. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production.    743
  • Figure 79. TEM images of carbon nanobrush.          744
  • Figure 80. Test performance after 6 weeks ACT II according to Scania STD4445.            760
  • Figure 81. Quantag GQDs and sensor.          762
  • Figure 82. The Sixth Element graphene products.  776
  • Figure 83. Thermal conductive graphene film.         777
  • Figure 84. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint.         790
  • Figure 85. T-FORCE CARDEA ZERO.                793
  • Figure 86. AWN Nanotech water harvesting prototype.     839
  • Figure 87. Large transparent heater for LiDAR.        850
  • Figure 88. Carbonics, Inc.’s carbon nanotube technology.              853
  • Figure 89. Schematic of a fluidized bed reactor which is able to scale up the generation of SWNTs using the CoMoCAT process.           859
  • Figure 90. Fuji carbon nanotube products. 866
  • Figure 91. Cup Stacked Type Carbon Nano Tubes schematic.      869
  • Figure 92. CSCNT composite dispersion.   869
  • Figure 93. Flexible CNT CMOS integrated circuits with sub-10 nanoseconds stage delays.      873
  • Figure 94. Koatsu Gas Kogyo Co. Ltd CNT product.              880
  • Figure 95. Carbon nanotube paint product.               883
  • Figure 96. MEIJO eDIPS product.       889
  • Figure 97. NAWACap.               900
  • Figure 98. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite.  901
  • Figure 99. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production.    902
  • Figure 100. TEM images of carbon nanobrush.       903
  • Figure 101. CNT film. 906
  • Figure 102. HiPCO® Reactor.               908
  • Figure 103. Shinko Carbon Nanotube TIM product.              922
  • Figure 104. Smell iX16 multi-channel gas detector chip.  924
  • Figure 105. The Smell Inspector.       925
  • Figure 106. Toray CNF printed RFID.               935
  • Figure 107. Double-walled carbon nanotube bundle cross-section micrograph and model.   947
  • Figure 108. Schematic of a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) membrane used for water treatment.        948
  • Figure 109. TEM image of FWNTs.     949
  • Figure 110. Schematic representation of carbon nanohorns.       950
  • Figure 111. TEM image of carbon onion.      951
  • Figure 112. Schematic of Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). Alternating B and N atoms are shown in blue and red.  953
  • Figure 113. Conceptual diagram of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) (A) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (B) showing typical dimensions of length, width, and separation distance between graphene layers in MWCNTs (Source: JNM).         954
  • Figure 114. Carbon nanotube adhesive sheet.        957
  • Figure 115. Solid Carbon produced by UP Catalyst.            975
  • Figure 116. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for fullerenes.        979
  • Figure 117. Detonation Nanodiamond.        996
  • Figure 118. DND primary particles and properties.               996
  • Figure 119. Functional groups of Nanodiamonds. 997
  • Figure 120. NBD battery.         1027
  • Figure 121. Neomond dispersions. 1029
  • Figure 122. Visual representation of graphene oxide sheets (black layers) embedded with nanodiamonds (bright white points).             1030
  • Figure 123. Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots.   1036
  • Figure 124. Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4).  1037
  • Figure 125. Graphene quantum dots.            1039
  • Figure 126. Top-down and bottom-up methods.    1040
  • Figure 127. Dotz Nano GQD products.          1043
  • Figure 128.  InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination.  1046
  • Figure 129. Quantag GQDs and sensor.       1048
  • Figure 130. Schematic of typical microstructure of carbon foam: (a) open-cell, (b) closed-cell.           1051
  • Figure 131. Classification of DLC coatings.               1063
  • Figure 132. SLENTEX® roll (piece).    1113
  • Figure 133. CNF gel.  1120
  • Figure 134. Block nanocellulose material. 1120
  • Figure 135. CO2 capture and separation technology.         1124
  • Figure 136. Post-combustion carbon capture process.     1129
  • Figure 137. Postcombustion CO2 Capture in a Coal-Fired Power Plant. 1130
  • Figure 138. Oxy-combustion carbon capture process.      1131
  • Figure 139. Liquid or supercritical CO2 carbon capture process.               1132
  • Figure 140. Pre-combustion carbon capture process.       1132
  • Figure 141. Amine-based absorption technology. 1136
  • Figure 142. Pressure swing absorption technology.              1140
  • Figure 143. Membrane separation technology.        1141
  • Figure 144. Liquid or supercritical CO2 (cryogenic) distillation.   1142
  • Figure 145. Process schematic of chemical looping.          1143
  • Figure 146. Calix advanced calcination reactor.     1144
  • Figure 147. Fuel Cell CO2 Capture diagram.            1145
  • Figure 148. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction products.       1147
  • Figure 149. CO2 captured from air using liquid and solid sorbent DAC plants, storage, and reuse.     1150
  • Figure 150. Global CO2 capture from biomass and DAC in the Net Zero Scenario.         1151

 

 

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The Global Market for Advanced Carbon Materials 2026-2036
The Global Market for Advanced Carbon Materials 2026-2036
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