The Global Market for Advanced Chemical Recycling

Published January 2023 | 230 pages, 20 tables, 20 figures | Download table of contents

Advanced recycling technologies that utilize heat or chemical solvents to recycle plastics into new plastics, fuels or chemicals are a key strategy for solving the global plastic problem.

Advanced chemical recycling technologies are now being developed by around 130 companies worldwide, and capacities are increasing. Companies including ExxonMobil, New Hope Energy, Nexus Circular, Eastman, Encina are planning to build large plastics recycling plants.

As well as complementing traditional mechanical recycling, advanced recycling offers benefits such as widening the range of recyclable plastic options, producing high value plastics (e.g. for flexible food packaging) and improving sustainability (using waste rather than fossil fuels for plastics production).

Report contents include:

Overview of the global plastics and bioplastics markets.
Market drivers and trends.
Advanced chemical recycling industry developments 2020-2023.
Capacities by technology.
Market maps and value chain.
In-depth analysis of advanced chemical recycling technologies.
Advanced recycling technologies covered include:
- Pyrolysis
- Gasification
- Dissolution
- Depolymerisation
- Emerging technologies.
Profiles of 134 companies. Companies profiled include Agilyx, APK AG, Aquafil, Carbios, Eastman, Extracthive, Fych Technologies, Garbo, gr3n SA, Ioniqa, Itero, Licella, Mura Technology, revalyu Resources GmbH, Plastogaz SA, Plastic Energy, Polystyvert, Pyrowave, Synova and SABIC.

1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 11

2 CLASSIFICATION OF RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES 12

3 INTRODUCTION 14

3.1 Global production of plastics 14
3.2 The importance of plastic 15
3.3 Issues with plastics use 15
3.4 Bio-based or renewable plastics 16
- 3.4.1 Drop-in bio-based plastics 16
- 3.4.2 Novel bio-based plastics 18
3.5 Biodegradable and compostable plastics 18
3.5.1 Biodegradability 19
3.5.2 Compostability 20
3.6 Plastic pollution 20
3.7 Policy and regulations 22
3.8 The circular economy 23
3.9 Plastic recycling 25
- 3.9.1 Mechanical recycling 27
- 3.9.2 Advanced recycling 29

4 THE ADVANCED RECYCLING MARKET 31

4.1 Market drivers and trends 32
4.2 Industry developments 2020-2023 34
4.3 Industry collaborations, partnerships and licensing agreements 37
4.4 Capacities 39
4.5 Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology 41
4.6 Global market by recycling process 42
4.7 Market map 43
4.8 Value chain 45
4.9 Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of Advanced Recycling 47
4.10 Market challenges 49

5 ADVANCED RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES 51

5.1 Applications 52
5.2 Pyrolysis 55
- 5.2.1 Technology overview 55
  - 5.2.1.1 Pyrolysis of plastic waste 57
  - 5.2.1.2 Thermal pyrolysis 58
  - 5.2.1.3 Catalytic pyrolysis 59
  - 5.2.1.4 Polystyrene pyrolysis 60
  - 5.2.1.5 Pyrolysis for production of diesel fuel 62
  - 5.2.1.6 Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes 62
  - 5.2.1.7 Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes 63
- 5.2.2 Comparative analysis of pyrolysis processes 64
- 5.2.3 SWOT analysis 65
- 5.2.4 Pyrolysis plant capacities, current and planned 66
- 5.2.5 Companies 69
5.3 Gasification 72
- 5.3.1 Technology overview 72
  - 5.3.1.1 Syngas conversion to methonol 73
  - 5.3.1.2 Integrated Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 73
  - 5.3.1.3 Chemcycling of waste to hydrogen 74
- 5.3.2 SWOT analysis 77
- 5.3.3 Companies 77
5.4 Dissolution 79
- 5.4.1 Technology overview 79
  - 5.4.1.1 Processes 79
  - 5.4.1.2 Recycling of polypropylene 80
  - 5.4.1.3 Recycling of polystyrene 81
  - 5.4.1.4 Recycling of multilayer films 81
  - 5.4.1.5 Solid-liquid separation 81
  - 5.4.1.6 Solvent recovery 82
- 5.4.2 SWOT analysis 82
- 5.4.3 Dissolution plant capacities, current and planned 83
- 5.4.4 Companies 85
5.5 Depolymerisation 86
- 5.5.1 Technology overview 86
- 5.5.1.1 Hydrolysis 87
- 5.5.1.2 Methanolysis 87
- 5.5.1.3 Glycolysis 88
- 5.5.1.4 Enzymolysis 89
- 5.5.1.5 Depolymerisation methods summary 89
- 5.5.1.6 Depolymerisation for the production of fuel 90
- 5.5.1.7 Depolymerisation for the production of feedstock 91
- 5.5.1.8 Depolymerisation for the production of plastic 92
- 5.5.1.9 Microwave technology for depolymerisation 93
- 5.5.1.10 Enzyme technology for depolymerisation 94
- 5.5.1.11 Ionic liquids 95
- 5..5.2 SWOT analysis 96
- 5.5.3 Depolymerisation plant capacities, current and planned 97
- 5.5.4 Companies 98
5.6 Emerging advanced recycling technologies 100
- 5.6.1 Microwave heating 100
- 5.6.2 Plasma 101
- 5.6.3 Supercritical fluids 102
- 5.6.4 Biotechnology 103

6 COMPANY PROFILES 105 (130 company profiles)

7 REFERENCES 228

List of Tables

Table 1. Types of recycling. 12
Table 2. Issues related to the use of plastics. 15
Table 3. Type of biodegradation. 19
Table 4.Advanced recycling processes. 29
Table 5. Market drivers and trends in the advanced recycling market. 32
Table 6. Advanced recycling industry developments 2020-2023. 34
Table 7. Industry collaborations, partnerships and licensing agreements. 37
Table 8. Challenges in the advanced recycling market. 49
Table 9. Applications of recycled materials. 52
Table 10. Advanced recycling technologies overview. 53
Table 11. Comparative analysis of pyrolysis processes. 64
Table 12. Pyrolysis plant capacities, current and planned. 66
Table 13. Advanced recycling-pyrolysis companies and type used. 69
Table 14. Advanced recycling (Gasification) companies 78
Table 15. Summary of dissolution processes. 79
Table 16. Pyrolysis plant capacities, current and planned. 83
Table 17. Advanced recycling (Dissolution) companies 85
Table 18. Depolymerisation methods. 90
Table 19. Depolymerisation plant capacities, current and planned. 97
Table 20. Advanced recycling (Depolymerisation) companies 98

List of Figures

Figure 1. Global plastics production 1950-2020, millions of tons. 15
Figure 2. Coca-Cola PlantBottle®. 17
Figure 3. Interrelationship between conventional, bio-based and biodegradable plastics. 18
Figure 4. Global production, use, and fate of polymer resins, synthetic fibers, and additives. 21
Figure 5. The circular plastic economy. 24
Figure 6. Conventional and new technology for plastics waste management. 25
Figure 7. Plastic recycling and recovery schematic. 26
Figure 8. Advanced recycling capacities 2022, by technology. 39
Figure 9. Global polymer demand 2022-2040, segmented by recycling technology, million metric tons. 41
Figure 10. Global market by recycling process, 2020-2033, millions USD. 42
Figure 11. Market map for advanced recycling. 43
Figure 12. Value chain for advanced recycling market. 45
Figure 13. Schematic layout of a pyrolysis plant. 56
Figure 14. SWOT analysis-pyrolysis for advanced recycling. 65
Figure 15. SWOT analysis-gasification for advanced recycling. 77
Figure 16. PureCycleTM process. 79
Figure 17. SWOT analysis-dissoluiton for advanced recycling. 82
Figure 18. Products obtained through the different solvolysis pathways of PET, PU, and PA. 90
Figure 19. SWOT analysis-Depolymerisation for advanced recycling. 96
Figure 20. NewCycling process. 113
Figure 21. ChemCyclingTM prototypes. 117
Figure 22. ChemCycling circle by BASF. 117
Figure 23. CreaSolv® process. 144
Figure 24. MoReTec. 164
Figure 25. Repsol Reciclex® Circular Polyolefins. 200
Figure 26. Easy-tear film material from recycled material. 200

The Global Market for Advanced Chemical Recycling

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