The Global Market for Carbon Nanomaterials

Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Fullerenes, Graphene Quantum Dots, 2D Materials and Nanodiamonds

Published October 2021 | 1165 pages, 436 tables, 295 figures | Table of contents

Carbon based-nanomaterials include carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and its derivatives, graphene oxide, nanodiamonds, fullerenes, and graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Due to their unique structural dimensions and excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical and chemical properties, carbon nanomaterials have gained great interest in a wide range of industrial market.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are the strongest, lightest and most conductive fibres known to man, with a performance-per-weight greater than any other material. In direct competition in a number of markets, they are complementary in others.

Once the most promising of all nanomaterials, MWCNTs face stiff competition in conductive applications from graphene and other 2D materials and in mechanically enhanced composites from nanocellulose. Several major producers have closed their MWCNT capacities, but applications continue to come to market and LG Chem has established a large-scale production facility. Super-aligned CNT arrays, films and yarns have found applications in consumer electronics, batteries, polymer composites, aerospace, sensors, heaters, filters and biomedicine.

Large-scale industrial production of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been initiated, promising new market opportunities in transparent conductive films, conductive materials, transistors, sensors and memory devices. Again, a number of producers have ceased production, but those left are finding increased demand for their materials. SCWNTs are regarded as one of the most promising candidates to utilized as building blocks in next generation electronics.

Two-dimensional(2D) materials are currently one of the most active areas of nanomaterials research, and offer a huge opportunity for both fundamental studies and practical applications, including superfast, low-power, flexible and wearable electronics, sensors, photonics and electrochemical energy storage devices that will have an immense impact on our society.

Graphene is a ground-breaking two-dimensional (2D) material that possesses extraordinary electrical and mechanical properties that promise a new generation of innovative devices. New methods of scalable synthesis of high-quality graphene, clean delamination transfer and device integration have resulted in the commercialization of state-of-the-art electronics such as graphene touchscreens in smartphones and flexible RF devices on plastics.

Nanodiamonds (NDs) are relatively easy and inexpensive to produce, and have moved towards large-scale commercialization due to their excellent mechanical, thermal properties and chemical stability. Other carbon nanomaterials of interest include fullerenes and graphene quantum dots.

Report contents include:

Carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, nanodiamonds, graphene quantum dots and graphene products.
Assessment of carbon nanomaterials market including production volumes, competitive landscape, commercial prospects, applications, demand by market and region, commercialization timelines, prices and producer profiles.
Unique assessment tools for the carbon nanomaterials market, end user applications, economic impact, addressable markets and market challenges to provide the complete picture of where the real opportunities in carbon nanomaterials are.
Company profiles of carbon nanotubes, graphene, 2D materials, fullerenes, carbon quantum dots and nanodiamonds producers and product developers, including products, target markets and contact details
Market assessment of other 2D materials.
Assessment of carbon nanomaterials by market including applications, key benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for, technology drawbacks, competing materials, potential consumption of to 2031 and main players.
In depth-assessment of carbon nanomaterials producer and distributor pricing in 2021.
Global market for carbon nanomaterials in tons, by sector, historical and forecast to 2031.
Full list of technology collaborations, strategic partnerships, and M&As in the global carbon nanomaterials market.
In-depth profiles of carbon nanomaterials producers including products, production capacities, manufacturing methods, collaborations, licensing, customers and target markets.
Detailed forecasts for key growth areas, opportunities and demand.

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 62

1.1 GRAPHENE 63
- 1.1.1 Why graphene? 63
  - 1.1.1.1 Exceptional properties 63
  - 1.1.1.2 Commercial opportunities 63
  - 1.1.1.3 Collaboration key? 64
- 1.1.2 The market in 2019 65
- 1.1.3 The market in 2020 66
  - 1.1.3.1 Graphene market developments 2020 68
  - 1.1.3.2 Graphene funding and investments 2020-2021 70
- 1.1.4 The market in 2021 71
  - 1.1.4.1 Graphene market developments in 2021 71
- 1.1.5 Future global market outlook 73
- 1.1.6 Publicly listed graphene companies 74
- 1.1.7 Production capacities 75
- 1.1.8 Global graphene demand, 2018-2031, tons 77
  - 1.1.8.1 Market segmentation, historical and forecast to 2031 80
- 1.1.9 Graphene market by region 83
  - 1.1.9.1 Asia-Pacific 83
  - 1.1.9.2 North America 86
  - 1.1.9.3 Europe 88
- 1.1.10 List of commercialized graphene products 89
- 1.1.11 Graphene investments 92
- 1.1.12 Industrial collaborations and licence agreements 95
- 1.1.13 Graphene market challenges 102
1.2 CARBON NANOTUBES 104
- 1.2.1 The global market for carbon nanotubes in 2021 105
  - 1.2.1.1 Demand for Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) increasing 105
  - 1.2.1.2 Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) gaining market traction 108
- 1.2.2 Exceptional properties 108
- 1.2.3 Commercial products 109
- 1.2.4 MWCNTs 109
  - 1.2.4.1 Applications 110
  - 1.2.4.2 Key players 115
  - 1.2.4.3 Production capacities in 2021 116
  - 1.2.4.4 Market demand, metric tons (MT) 116
- 1.2.5 SWCNTs 119
  - 1.2.5.1 Applications 119
  - 1.2.5.2 Global SWCNT market consumption 121
  - 1.2.5.3 Production capacities 122
- 1.2.6 Carbon nanotubes market challenges 123

2 OVERVIEW OF GRAPHENE 125

2.1 History 125
2.2 Types of graphene 126
2.3 Properties 127

3 OVERVIEW OF CARBON NANOTUBES 129

3.1 Market summary for carbon nanotubes-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications 129
3.2 The global market for carbon nanotubes in 2021 130
- 3.2.1 Demand for Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) increasing 131
3.3 Properties 132
3.4 Multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNT) 133
- 3.4.1 Properties 133
- 3.4.2 Applications 133
- 3.4.3 Key players 133
- 3.4.4 Production capacities in 2021 134
- 3.4.5 Market demand, metric tons (MT) 135
3.5 Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) 137
- 3.5.1 Properties 137
- 3.5.2 Applications 138
- 3.5.3 Comparison between MWCNTs and SWCNTs 140
- 3.5.4 Production capacities 141
3.6 Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) 141
- 3.6.1 Properties 141
- 3.6.2 Applications 142
3.7 Vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs) 142
- 3.7.1 Properties 142
- 3.7.2 Applications 143
3.8 Few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs) 144
- - 3.8.1 Properties 144
  - 3.8.2 Applications 144
3.9 Carbon Nanohorns (CNHs) 144
- 3.9.1 Properties 144
- 3.9.2 Applications 145
3.10 Carbon Onions 145
- 3.10.1 Properties 145
- 3.10.2 Applications 146
3.11 Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) 147
- 3.11.1 Properties 147
- 3.11.2 Applications 148

4 OVERVIEW OF NANODIAMONDS 149

4.1 Types 149
4.2 Production methods 152
- 4.2.1 Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) 153

5 OVERVIEW OF FULLERENES 154

5.1 Properties 154

6 OVERVIEW OF GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS 156

6.1 Composition 156
6.2 Comparison to quantum dots 157
6.3 Properties 158
6.4 Synthesis 158
- 6.4.1 Top-down method 158
- 6.4.2 Bottom-up method 159
- 6.4.3 Comparison of synthesis methods 159
6.5 Applications 161

7 GRAPHENE PRICING 163

7.1 Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene 164
7.2 Few-Layer graphene pricing 166
7.3 Graphene nanoplatelets pricing 167
7.4 Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing 168
7.5 Graphene quantum dots pricing 169
7.6 Multilayer graphene (MLG) pricing 170
7.7 Graphene ink 171

8 CARBON NANOTUBES PRICING 172

9 NANODIAMONDS PRICING 173

10 GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS PRICING 175

11 MARKETS FOR GRAPHENE 176

11.1 3D PRINTING 176
- 11.1.1 Graphene in 3D printing 176
- 11.1.2 Market outlook 176
- 11.1.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 177
- 11.1.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 180
- 11.1.5 Product developers 182
11.2 ADHESIVES 184
- 11.2.1 Graphene in adhesives 184
- 11.2.2 Market outlook 185
- 11.2.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 185
- 11.2.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 188
- 11.2.5 Product developers 189
11.3 AUTOMOTIVE 191
- 11.3.1 Graphene in the automotive sector 191
- 11.3.2 Market outlook 192
- 11.3.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 193
- 11.3.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 196
- 11.3.5 Product developers 197
11.4 BATTERIES 201
- 11.4.1 Graphene in batteries 201
  - 11.4.1.1 Battery market megatrends 202
- 11.4.2 Market outlook
  - 11.4.2.1 Flexible and stretchable batteries 209
- 11.4.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 210
- 11.4.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 215
- 11.4.5 Product developers 216
11.5 COMPOSITES 222
- 11.5.1 Graphene in composites 222
- 11.5.2 Fiber-based polymer composite parts 222
  - 11.5.2.1 Market outlook 222
  - 11.5.2.2 Market drivers, trends and applications 223
- 11.5.3 Metal-matrix composites 227
  - 11.5.3.1 Market drivers, trends and applications 227
- 11.5.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 228
- 11.5.5 Product developers 229
11.6 CONDUCTIVE INKS 235
- 11.6.1 Graphene in conductive inks 235
- 11.6.2 Market outlook 235
- 11.6.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 236
- 11.6.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 240
- 11.6.5 Product developers 242
11.7 CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGS 245
- 11.7.1 Graphene in construction and buildings 245
- 11.7.2 Market outlook 245
- 11.7.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 246
  - 11.7.3.1 Cement 246
  - 11.7.3.2 Asphalt bitumen 248
  - 11.7.3.3 Aerogels 249
- 11.7.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 250
- 11.7.5 Product developers 251
11.8 ELECTRONICS 254
- 11.8.1 WEARABLE ELECTRONICS AND DISPLAYS 254
  - 11.8.1.1 Graphene in wearable electronics and displays 254
  - 11.8.1.2 Market outlook 255
  - 11.8.1.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 255
  - 11.8.1.4 Global market, historical and forecast to 2031 258
  - 11.8.1.5 Product developers 259
- 11.8.2 TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 261
  - 11.8.2.1 Graphene in transistors and integrated circuits 261
  - 11.8.2.2 Market outlook 261
  - 11.8.2.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 262
  - 11.8.2.4 Global market, historical and forecast to 2031 265
  - 11.8.2.5 Product developers 266
- 11.8.3 MEMORY DEVICES 268
  - 11.8.3.1 Graphene in memory devices 268
  - 11.8.3.2 Market outlook 268
  - 11.8.3.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 269
  - 11.8.3.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 270
  - 11.8.3.5 Product developers 271
11.9 FILTER MEDIA 273
- 11.9.1 Graphene in filter media 273
- 11.9.2 Market prospects 273
- 11.9.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 274
- 11.9.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 278
- 11.9.5 Product developers 280
11.10 FUEL CELLS 283
- 11.10.1 Graphene in fuel cells 283
- 11.10.2 Market outlook 283
- 11.10.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 284
- 11.10.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 288
- 11.10.5 Product developers 289
11.11 LIFE SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 290
- 11.11.1 Graphene in life sciences and medicine 290
- 11.11.2 Market outlook 291
  - 11.11.2.1 Drug delivery 291
  - 11.11.2.2 Imaging and diagnostics 292
  - 11.11.2.3 Implants 292
  - 11.11.2.4 Medical biosensors 293
  - 11.11.2.5 Woundcare 294
  - 11.11.2.6 Medical wearables 294
  - 11.11.2.7 Gene delivery 295
- 11.11.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 296
- 11.11.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 300
- 11.11.5 Product developers 302
11.12 LIGHTING 306
- 11.12.1 Graphene in lighting 306
- 11.12.2 Market outlook 306
- 11.12.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 307
- 11.12.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 309
- 11.12.5 Product developers 310
11.13 LUBRICANTS 312
- 11.13.1 Graphene in lubricants. 312
- 11.13.2 Market outlook 313
- 11.13.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 314
- 11.13.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 316
- 11.13.5 Product developers 317
11.14 OIL AND GAS 320
- 11.14.1 Graphene in oil and gas 320
- 11.14.2 Market outlook 320
- 11.14.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 321
- 11.14.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 323
- 11.14.5 Product developers 324
11.15 PAINTS AND COATINGS 326
- 11.15.1 Graphene in paints and coatings 326
- 11.15.2 Market outlook 326
- 11.15.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 327
- 11.15.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 330
- 11.15.5 Product developers 332
11.16 PHOTONICS 337
- 11.16.1 Graphene in paints and coatings. 337
- 11.16.2 Market outlook 337
- 11.16.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 338
- 11.16.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 341
- 11.16.5 Product developers 342
11.17 PHOTOVOLTAICS 344
- 11.17.1 Graphene in photovoltaics 344
- 11.17.2 Market outlook 345
- 11.17.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 345
- 11.17.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 348
- 11.17.5 Product developers 349
11.18 RUBBER AND TIRES 351
- 11.18.1 Graphene in rubber and tires. 351
- 11.18.2 Market outlook 351
- 11.18.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 352
- 11.18.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 355
- 11.18.5 Product developers 357
11.19 SENSORS 359
- 11.19.1 Graphene in sensors. 359
- 11.19.2 Market outlook 360
- 11.19.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 360
- 11.19.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 364
- 11.19.5 Product developers 366
11.20 TEXTILES AND APPAREL 370
- 11.20.1 Graphene in textiles and apparel. 370
- 11.20.2 Market outlook 370
- 11.20.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 371
- 11.20.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 376
- 11.20.5 Product developers 377
11.21 SUPERCAPACITORS 382
- 11.21.1 Graphene in supercapacitors. 382
- 11.21.2 Market outlook 382
- 11.21.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 383
  - 11.21.3.1 Flexible and stretchable supercapacitors 385
- 11.21.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 386
- 11.21.5 Product developers 388
11.22 OTHER MARKETS 390
- 11.22.1 Audio equipment 390
- 11.22.2 Sporting goods and apparel 390

12 MARKETS FOR MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES 392

12.1 3D PRINTING 392
- 12.1.1 Market overview 392
- 12.1.2 Applications 393
- 12.1.3 Market assessment 393
- 12.1.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 395
- 12.1.5 Product developers 396
12.2 ADHESIVES 397
- 12.2.1 Market overview 397
- 12.2.2 Applications 398
- 12.2.3 Market prospects 398
- 12.2.4 Market assessment 399
- 12.2.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 401
- 12.2.6 Product developers 402
12.3 AEROSPACE 403
- 12.3.1 Market overview 403
- 12.3.2 Applications 404
- 12.3.3 Market prospects 405
- 12.3.4 Market assessment 406
- 12.3.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 407
- 12.3.6 Product developers 408
12.4 AUTOMOTIVE 412
- 12.4.1 Market overview 412
- 12.4.2 Applications 412
- 12.4.3 Market prospects 414
- 12.4.4 Market assessment 414
- 12.4.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 417
- 12.4.6 Product developers 418
12.5 BATTERIES 421
- 12.5.1 Market overview 421
- 12.5.2 Applications 421
  - 12.5.2.1 Nanomaterials in Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries 424
  - 12.5.2.2 Nanomaterials in Sodium-ion batteries 424
  - 12.5.2.3 Nanomaterials in Lithium-air batteries 425
  - 12.5.2.4 Flexible and stretchable batteries in electronics 426
  - 12.5.2.5 Flexible and stretchable LIBs 427
- 12.5.3 Flexible and stretchable supercapacitors 432
  - 12.5.3.1 Materials 433
- 12.5.4 Market prospects 435
- 12.5.5 Market assessment 436
- 12.5.6 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 440
- 12.5.7 Product developers 441
12.6 COMPOSITES 445
- 12.6.1 Market overview 445
- 12.6.2 Fiber-based polymer composite parts 446
  - 12.6.2.1 Market prospects 446
  - 12.6.2.2 Applications 447
  - 12.6.2.3 Market assessment 449
- 12.6.3 Metal-matrix composites 454
  - 12.6.3.1 Market assessment 454
- 12.6.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 455
- 12.6.5 Product developers 457
12.7 CONDUCTIVE INKS 462
- 12.7.1 Market overview 462
- 12.7.2 Applications 462
- 12.7.3 Market prospects 463
- 12.7.4 Market assessment 464
- 12.7.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 468
- 12.7.6 Product developers 469
12.8 CONSTRUCTION 471
- 12.8.1 Market overview 471
- 12.8.2 Market prospects 471
- 12.8.3 Market assessment 472
  - 12.8.3.1 Cement 472
  - 12.8.3.2 Asphalt bitumen 474
- 12.8.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 474
- 12.8.5 Product developers 476
12.9 ELECTRONICS 477
- 12.9.1 WEARABLE ELECTRONICS AND DISPLAYS 477
  - 12.9.1.1 Market overview 477
  - 12.9.1.2 Market prospects 477
  - 12.9.1.3 Applications 478
  - 12.9.1.4 Market assessment 479
  - 12.9.1.5 Global market, historical and forecast to 2031 483
  - 12.9.1.6 Product developers 484
- 12.9.2 TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 486
  - 12.9.2.1 Market overview 486
  - 12.9.2.2 Applications 486
  - 12.9.2.3 Market prospects 487
  - 12.9.2.4 Market assessment 488
  - 12.9.2.5 Global market, historical and forecast to 2031 490
  - 12.9.2.6 Product developers 491
- 12.9.3 MEMORY DEVICES 493
  - 12.9.3.1 Market overview 493
  - 12.9.3.2 Market prospects 493
  - 12.9.3.3 Market assessment 494
  - 12.9.3.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 496
  - 12.9.3.5 Product developers 497
12.10 FILTRATION 499
- 12.10.1 Market overview 499
- 12.10.2 Applications 501
- 12.10.3 Market prospects 501
- 12.10.4 Market assessment 502
- 12.10.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 505
- 12.10.6 Product developers 506
12.11 FUEL CELLS 508
- 12.11.1 Market overview 508
- 12.11.2 Applications 509
- 12.11.3 Market prospects 510
- 12.11.4 Market assessment 510
- 12.11.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 513
- 12.11.6 Product developers 514
12.12 LIFE SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 515
- 12.12.1 Market overview 515
- 12.12.2 Applications 516
- 12.12.3 Market prospects 519
  - 12.12.3.1 Drug delivery 519
  - 12.12.3.2 Imaging and diagnostics 519
  - 12.12.3.3 Implants 520
  - 12.12.3.4 Medical biosensors 521
  - 12.12.3.5 Woundcare 521
- 12.12.4 Market assessment 522
- 12.12.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 527
- 12.12.6 Product developers 528
12.13 LUBRICANTS 533
- 12.13.1 Market overview 533
- 12.13.2 Applications 534
- 12.13.3 Market prospects 535
- 12.13.4 Market assessment 535
- 12.13.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 537
- 12.13.6 Product developers 538
12.14 OIL AND GAS 540
- 12.14.1 Market overview 540
- 12.14.2 Applications 540
- 12.14.3 Market prospects 541
- 12.14.4 Market assessment 542
- 12.14.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 543
- 12.14.6 Product developers 545
12.15 PAINTS AND COATINGS 545
- 12.15.1 Market overview 545
- 12.15.2 Applications 549
- 12.15.3 Market prospects 550
- 12.15.4 Market assessment 550
- 12.15.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 554
- 12.15.6 Product developers 555
12.16 PHOTOVOLTAICS 559
- 12.16.1 Market overview 559
- 12.16.2 Market prospects 560
- 12.16.3 Market assessment 561
- 12.16.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 563
- 12.16.5 Product developers 564
12.17 RUBBER AND TIRES 565
- 12.17.1 Market overview 565
- 12.17.2 Applications 565
- 12.17.3 Market prospects 566
- 12.17.4 Market assessment 567
- 12.17.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 570
- 12.17.6 Product developers 571
12.18 SENSORS 572
- 12.18.1 Market overview 572
- 12.18.2 Applications 573
- 12.18.3 Market prospects 574
- 12.18.4 Market assessment 575
- 12.18.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 577
- 12.18.6 Product developers 578
12.19 SMART TEXTILES AND APPAREL 580
- 12.19.1 Market overview 580
- 12.19.2 Applications 582
- 12.19.3 Market prospects 582
- 12.19.4 Market assessment 583
- 12.19.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 586
- 12.19.6 Product developers 587
12.20 SUPERCAPACITORS 588
- 12.20.1 Market overview 588
- 12.20.2 Applications 588
- 12.20.3 Market prospects 589
- 12.20.4 Market assessment 590
- 12.20.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 592
- 12.20.6 Product developers 593
12.21 OTHER MARKETS 595
- 12.21.1 THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS 595
  - 12.21.1.1 Market assessment 595
- 12.21.2 POWER CABLES 596
  - 12.21.2.1 Market assessment 596

13 MARKETS FOR SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES 598

13.1 BATTERIES 598
- 13.1.1 Market overview 598
- 13.1.2 Market assessment 601
- 13.1.3 Market demand for SWCNTs in batteries 601
13.2 COMPOSITES 602
- 13.2.1 Market overview 603
- 13.2.2 Fiber-based polymer composite parts 604
  - 13.2.2.1 Market assessment 604
  - 13.2.2.2 Market demand for SWCNTs in thermosets and thermoplastics 605
- 13.2.3 Metal-matrix composites 606
  - 13.2.3.1 Market assessment 606
  - 13.2.3.2 Market demand for SWCNTs in metal-matrix composites 607
13.3 COATINGS 608
- 13.3.1 Market overview 609
- 13.3.2 Market assessment 609
- 13.3.3 Market demand for SWCNTs in coatings 610
13.4 RUBBER ADDITIVES 611
- 13.4.1 Tyres 611
  - 13.4.1.1 Market overview 611
  - 13.4.1.2 Market assessment 612
  - 13.4.1.3 Market demand for SWCNTs in tyres 613
- 13.4.2 Rubber technical goods 613
  - 13.4.2.1 Market overview 613
  - 13.4.2.2 Market demand for SWCNTs in rubber technical goods 614
13.5 FUEL CELLS 615
- 13.5.1 Market overview 615
- 13.5.2 Market assessment 616
- 13.5.3 Market demand for SWCNTs in rubber technical goods 617
13.6 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 618
- 13.6.1 Cement 618
  - 13.6.1.1 Market overview 618
  - 13.6.1.2 Market assessment 619
  - 13.6.1.3 Market demand for SWCNTs in cement 620
13.7 ANTI-STATIC PLASTICS 621
- 13.7.1 Market overview 621
- 13.7.2 Market assessment 621
- 13.7.3 Market demand for SWCNTs in anti-static plastics 622
13.8 TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILMS 623
- 13.8.1 Market overview 623
- 13.8.2 Market assessment 623
- 13.8.3 Market demand for SWCNTs in transparent conductive films 624
13.9 POWER CABLES 625
- 13.9.1 Market overview 625
- 13.9.2 Market assessment 625
- 13.9.3 Market demand for SWCNTs in power cables 626
13.10 ADHESIVES 627
- 13.10.1 Market overview 628
- 13.10.2 Market assessment 628
- 13.10.3 Market demand for SWCNTs in adhesives 629
13.11 LUBRICANTS 630
- 13.11.1 Market overview 631
- 13.11.2 Market assessment 632
- 13.11.3 Market demand for SWCNTs in lubricants 633
13.12 THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS 634
- 13.12.1 Market overview 634
13.13 SUPERCAPACITORS 634
- 13.13.1 Market overview 634

14 MARKETS FOR NANODIAMONDS 636

14.1 LUBRICANTS 636
- 14.1.1 Nanolubricants 636
  - 14.1.1.1 Products 636
- 14.1.2 Market for nanodiamonds in lubricants 637
- 14.1.3 Applications 638
- 14.1.4 Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in lubricants to 2030 (tons) 640
14.2 ELECTRONIC POLISHING MATERIALS 642
- 14.2.1 Market for nanodiamonds in electronic polishing materials 642
- 14.2.2 Applications 642
- 14.2.3 Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in polishings additives to 2030 (tons). 644
14.3 ELECTROPLATING AND ANTI-WEAR/FRICTION COATINGS 646
- 14.3.1 Market for nanodiamonds in electroplating and anti-wear/friction coatings 646
- 14.3.2 Applications 647
- 14.3.3 Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in electroplating and anti-wear/friction coatings to 2030 (tons) 650
14.4 COMPOSITES 652
- 14.4.1 Market for nanodiamonds in plastics 652
- 14.4.2 Fiber-based polymer composite parts 652
  - 14.4.2.1 Market overview 652
  - 14.4.2.2 Applications 653
  - 14.4.2.3 Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in composites to 2030 (tons). 655
- 14.4.3 Metal-matrix composites 658
  - 14.4.3.1 Market overview 658
  - 14.4.3.2 Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in metal-matrix to 2030, tons 659
14.5 SKINCARE 661
- 14.5.1 Market for nanodiamonds in skincare 661
- 14.5.2 Market and applications 662
- 14.5.3 Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in skincare to 2030 (tons). 665
14.6 SUPERCAPACITORS 667
- 14.6.1 Market for nanodiamonds in supercapacitors. 667
- 14.6.2 Applications 667
- 14.6.3 Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in supercapacitors to 2030 (tons) 669
14.7 BATTERIES 671
- 14.7.1 Market for nanodiamonds in batteries 671
- 14.7.2 Applications 671
- 14.7.3 Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in batteries to 2030 (tons) 673
14.8 DRUG DELIVERY 675
- 14.8.1 Market for nanodiamonds in drug delivery 675
- 14.8.2 Applications 682

15 MARKETS FOR FULLERENES 686

15.1 Products 686
15.2 Applications 686
15.3 Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 687
- 15.3.1 Global consumption in metric tonnes, 2010-2031 687
- 15.3.2 Consumption by market 689
  - 15.3.2.1 Market share 2020 (%) 689
  - 15.3.2.2 Market Share 2020 (MT) 689
  - 15.3.2.3 Market share 2031 (%) 690
  - 15.3.2.4 Market Share 2031 (MT) 690
- 15.3.3 Demand by region 691
  - 15.3.3.1 Consumption by region 2020 (%) 691
  - 15.3.3.2 Consumption by region 2020 (MT) 691
  - 15.3.3.3 Consumption by region 2031 (%) 691
  - 15.3.3.4 Consumption by region 2031(MT) 692
15.4 Prices 692

16 MARKETS FOR GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS 694

16.1 Electronics and photonics 694
16.2 Energy storage and conversion 695
16.3 Sensors 696
16.4 Biomedicine and life sciences 697
16.5 Anti-counterfeiting 698

17 GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES-PRODUCERS AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS 699

17.1 2D Carbon Graphene Material Co., Ltd. 699
17.2 2D fab AB 700
17.3 2D Fluidics Pty Ltd 701
17.4 2-DTech Limited 702
17.5 2D Materials Pte. Ltd. (2DM) 703
17.6 Abalonyx AS 704
17.7 Adeka Corporation 705
17.8 Advanced Graphene Products z o.o. 706
17.9 Advanced Material Development (AMD) 707
17.10 Agar Scientific 708
17.11 AIKA Innovative Technology Co., Ltd. 709
17.12 AirMembrane Corporation 710
17.13 Akkolab 711
17.14 AMO GmbH 712
17.15 Anaphite Limited 712
17.16 Applied Graphene Materials plc. 713
17.17 Applied Nanolayers BV 715
17.18 Applied Nano Surfaces Sweden AB 715
17.19 Applied Nanotech, Inc. 716
17.20 ApplyNanosolutions S.L. 717
17.21 AR Brown Co. Ltd 717
17.22 Archer Materials Ltd. 718
17.23 Arvia Technology 719
17.24 Asbury Carbons 720
17.25 Atomic Mechanics Ltd. 721
17.26 Australian Advanced Materials 722
17.27 AVANSA Technology & Services 723
17.28 Avanzare Innovacion Tecnologica S.L. 723
17.29 AVIC BIAM New Materials Technology Engineering Co., Ltd. 724
17.30 Aztrong, Inc. 725
17.31 Baotailong New Materials Co., Ltd. 725
17.32 BASF AG 726
17.33 Bass Metals Limited 726
17.34 Bedimensional S.p.A 727
17.35 Beijing Carbon Century Technology Co., Ltd. 728
17.36 BGT Materials Ltd. 729
17.37 BioGraph Solutions 730
17.38 Biographene, Inc. 730
17.39 Bio Graphene Solutions, Inc. 731
17.40 BioGraph Sense Inc. 731
17.41 Biolin Scientific AB 732
17.42 BioMed X GmbH 732
17.43 Blackleaf SAS 733
17.44 Black Semiconductor GmbH 734
17.45 Boomatech 734
17.46 Bright Day Graphene AB 735
17.47 Brain Scientific 735
17.48 Breton spa 736
17.49 BTR New Energy Materials, Inc. 737
17.50 C2CNT LLC/Capital Power 738
17.51 Cabot Corporation 738
17.52 California Lithium Battery 739
17.53 Cambridge Graphene Ltd. 740
17.54 CamGraphIC Ltd. 741
17.55 Cambridge Raman Imaging Limited 741
17.56 Carbon-2D Graphene, Inc. 742
17.57 Carbon Gates Technologies LLC 742
17.58 Carbon Nano-Material Technology Co., Ltd. 743
17.59 Carbon Research and Development Company (CRDC) 744
17.60 Carbon Upcycling Technologies 744
17.61 CarbonUP 745
17.62 Carbon Waters 746
17.63 Cardea Bio, Inc. 747
17.64 Cealtech AS 748
17.65 CellsX 748
17.66 Ceylon Graphene Technologies Pvt Ltd 749
17.67 Charm Graphene Co., Ltd. 750
17.68 China Carbon Graphite Group, Inc. 751
17.69 China Telecommunications Corporation 752
17.70 Chongqing Moxi Science and Technology Co., Ltd. 752
17.71 CVD Equipment Corporation 753
17.72 Comet Resources Ltd. 754
17.73 COnovate 754
17.74 Concrene Limited 755
17.75 CrayoNano AS 756
17.76 CRRC Corporation 756
17.77 Danubia NanoTech s.r.o. 757
17.78 Das-Nano 758
17.79 Deyang Carbonene Technology 758
17.80 Directa Plus plc 759
17.81 DJ Nanotech, Inc. 760
17.82 Dongxu Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd 760
17.83 Dotz Nano Ltd. 761
17.84 Dycotec Materials Ltd. 763
17.85 DZP Technologies 764
17.86 Earthdas 764
17.87 Earthasia International Holdings Ltd 765
17.88 Elcora Advanced Materials Corp. 765
17.89 Emberion Oy 766
17.90 ENano Tec Co., Ltd. 767
17.91 Evercloak, Inc. 768
17.92 Fangda Carbon New Material Co., Ltd. 769
17.93 FGV Cambridge Nanosystems 770
17.94 First Graphene Ltd. 771
17.95 FlexeGRAPH 773
17.96 Flextrapower 774
17.97 Fujian Huafeng Industry Co., Ltd. 775
17.98 Fujitsu Laboratories 775
17.99 Fuyang Sineva Material Technology Co., Ltd. 776
17.100 G6 Materials Corp. 776
17.101 Garmor, Inc. 778
17.102 General Graphene 778
17.103 Gerdau Graphene 780
17.104 Glaren 780
17.105 Global Graphene Group 781
17.106 Gnanomat S.L. 782
17.107 GoLeafe 783
17.108 Golden Formula 783
17.109 Goodheat (NDT Engineering & Aerospace Co., Ltd.) 784
17.110 Grafentek 784
17.111 Grafine Ltd. 785
17.112 GrafTech International 786
17.113 Grafoid, Inc. 786
17.114 Grahope New Materials Technologies Inc. 787
17.115 GraphAudio 788
17.116 GrapheneCR 788
17.117 Graphenano s.l. 790
17.118 Graphene-XT S.r.l. 792
17.119 Grapheal 792
17.120 Graphenall Co., Ltd. 794
17.121 Graphene Batteries AS 794
17.122 Graphene Composites Limited 795
17.123 Graphene Enabled Systems Ltd 796
17.124 Graphene Industries Ltd. 796
17.125 Graphene Leaders Canada (GLC) Inc. 797
17.126 Graphene Lighting PLC 798
17.127 Graphene Manufacturing Group Pty Ltd 798
17.128 Graphene Master NL 799
17.129 Graphene NanoChem Plc 800
17.130 Graphene One LLC 802
17.131 Graphene Platform Corp 803
17.132 Graphene Production 803
17.133 Graphene Star Ltd 804
17.134 Graphene Square 804
17.135 GrapheneUP 805
17.136 Graphenetech S.L. 806
17.137 Graphenea Nanomaterials 807
17.138 Graphensic AB 807
17.139 Graphitene 808
17.140 GraphWear Technologies 809
17.141 Graphite Innovation and Technologies Inc. 810
17.142 GraphenicaLab S.L. 811
17.143 Graphenglass 811
17.144 Graphenemex 812
17.145 GrapheneX Pty Ltd. 812
17.146 Graphex Group Ltd 813
17.147 Graphmatech AB 814
17.148 Gratomic, Inc. 814
17.149 Green Science Alliance Co., Ltd. 815
17.150 Grenoble Green Graphenofluid 817
17.151 Grolltex, Inc. 817
17.152 Grupo Antolin Ingenieria S.A. 818
17.153 Guangzhou Automobile Group Co. Ltd. 819
17.154 Haike Group 819
17.155 Hangzhou Cable Co., Ltd. 820
17.156 Hangzhou Gaoxi Technology Co., Ltd. 820
17.157 Haydale Graphene Industries Plc 821
17.158 Hefeikaier Nanometer Energy & Technology Co., Ltd. 822
17.159 HQ Graphene 823
17.160 Heraeus 823
17.161 Hexalayer LLC 824
17.162 HexagonFab 825
17.163 Hexorp 825
17.164 Highbery New Nano Materials Technology 826
17.165 HRL Laboratories, LLC 826
17.166 Hub Nanotech 827
17.167 Huvis 827
17.168 Hybrid Kinetic Group 828
17.169 HydroGraph Clean Power 828
17.170 Hygraner S.r.l. 829
17.171 Iceni Labs 829
17.172 Imagine Intelligent Materials Pty Ltd 830
17.173 Imerys Graphite & Carbon 831
17.174 INBRAIN Neuroelectronics 832
17.175 Incubation Alliance, Inc. 833
17.176 Integrated Graphene Ltd. 833
17.177 Infinoil 834
17.178 Ionic Industries Ltd. 835
17.179 JCNANo Tech Co., Ltd. 836
17.180 Jiangsu Yueda New Material Technology Co., Ltd. 836
17.181 Jinan Moxi New Material Technology Co., Ltd. 837
17.182 Jikantechno Corporation 837
17.183 JMC 838
17.184 KNV’S Inc. 839
17.185 KoreaGraph 839
17.186 KRI, Inc. 840
17.187 Kukil Graphene Co., Ltd. 841
17.188 LeaderNano Tech LLC 841
17.189 Leading Edge Materials Corp. 842
17.190 LIGC Application Ltd. 842
17.191 Log 9 Materials 843
17.192 MC10, Inc. 844
17.193 MCK Tech Co., Ltd. 845
17.194 Meijo Nano Carbon Co., Ltd. 846
17.195 Merck 846
17.196 Metalysis Limited 847
17.197 MExplorer Co., Ltd 847
17.198 MICC TEC Co., Ltd. 848
17.199 Micro-Composite, Inc. 849
17.200 Micro Powders, Inc. 849
17.201 Millennial Scientific, Inc. 850
17.202 Mingshuo (Beijing) Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. 850
17.203 MITO Material Solutions 851
17.204 mPhase Technologies 851
17.205 Nanjing JCNano Co., Ltd. 852
17.206 Nanjing SCF Nanotech, Ltd. 852
17.207 Nanesa S.r.l. 853
17.208 Nano4 853
17.209 NanoAffix Science LLC 854
17.210 Nanocarbon Sp. z o.o. 855
17.211 nanoEMI Sp. z o.o. 855
17.212 NanoGraf Corporation 856
17.213 Nanografi Nanotechnology 857
17.214 Nano Graphene, Inc. 858
17.215 Nanoinnova Technologies SL 859
17.216 Nanoloom Limited 859
17.217 Nanomatrix Materials (NM Materials) 860
17.218 Nanopinturas 861
17.219 NanoPlexus Ltd 861
17.220 Nanoquimia S.L. 862
17.221 Nanotech Energy Inc. 862
17.222 NanoXplore, Inc. 864
17.223 Nawa Techonologies 865
17.224 NEC Corporation 867
17.225 Newtec Engineering A/S 869
17.226 Ningbo Morsh Technology Co., Ltd. 870
17.227 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. 870
17.228 NiSiNa materials Co. Ltd. 871
17.229 Nitronix 871
17.230 NORgraphene Technologies Ltd. 872
17.231 Nova Graphene,Inc. 873
17.232 Ntherma Corporation 874
17.233 Orbex 874
17.234 Oros Apparel 875
17.235 Osaka Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd. 875
17.236 Ossila Limited 876
17.237 Paragraf Ltd. 876
17.238 Payper Technologies 878
17.239 Perpetuus Advanced Materials Plc 879
17.240 Planartech LLC 880
17.241 Promethient, Inc 880
17.242 Provexa Technology AB 881
17.243 Qingdao DT Nanotechnology Co., Ltd. 882
17.244 Quantag Nanotechnologies 883
17.245 Qurv Technologies S.L. 884
17.246 QV Bioelectronics 885
17.247 Raymor NanoIntegris 885
17.248 Radiant Panel Technologies 886
17.249 Real Graphene USA LLC 886
17.250 Ressinea 887
17.251 Ritedia Corp. 888
17.252 RUSGRAPHENE 888
17.253 Saint Jean Carbon, Inc. 889
17.254 SaltX Technology AB 889
17.255 Shanghai Simbatt Energy Technology Co., Ltd. 890
17.256 Shenzhen Danbond Technology Co Ltd 891
17.257 SHT Smart High Tech AB 891
17.258 Sigma-Aldrich Corporation 892
17.259 Signet Graphene Technologies, Inc. 893
17.260 Sixonia Tech GmbH 894
17.261 The Sixth Element (Changzhou) Materials Technology Co., Ltd. 895
17.262 Skeleton Technologies OÜ 897
17.263 Solerial Matusions AB 899
17.264 Source Graphene 899
17.265 SpaceBlue Ltd. 900
17.266 Sparc Technologies Ltd. 901
17.267 Standard Graphene 901
17.268 SuperC Technology Limited 902
17.269 Surwon Technology 903
17.270 Strem Chemicals, Inc. 903
17.271 Sunrise Energy Metals Limited 904
17.272 Suzhou Graphene Nanotechnology Co., Ltd. 905
17.273 Taiwan Carbon Nanotube Technology 905
17.274 Talga Resources 906
17.275 Targray 908
17.276 Team Group, Inc. 909
17.277 Technow SA 909
17.278 Textile Two Dimensional Ltd. 910
17.279 Thomas Swan & Co. Ltd. 910
17.280 Tianjin Pulan Nano Technologies Ltd. 912
17.281 Tirupati Graphite 912
17.282 Topsen Technology 913
17.283 Toraphene 914
17.284 Toray Industries 914
17.285 Triton Mineral Limited 916
17.286 True 2 Materials Pte, Ltd. 916
17.287 UC Bacon Company Limited 917
17.288 Ugent Tech Sdn Bhd 918
17.289 Urbix Resources LLC 918
17.290 Universal Matter 919
17.291 Vaulta 920
17.292 Versarien plc 921
17.293 Volexion, Inc. 924
17.294 Vorbeck 924
17.295 William Blythe Limited 925
17.296 WuXi YuanWen Graphene Technology Co., Ltd. 926
17.297 XFNANO Materials Tech Co., Ltd. 926
17.298 XG Sciences 927
17.299 Xiamen G-CVD Material Technology Co., Ltd. 928
17.300 Xiamen Knano Graphene Technology Co., Ltd. 928
17.301 YUYAO PGS New Material Technology Co., Ltd 929
17.302 ZapGo Ltd. 930
17.303 ZEN Graphene Solutions Ltd. 931
17.304 ZNSHINE PV-Tech Co., Ltd. 932

18 MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES COMPANY PROFILES 934

18.1 3D Strong 934
18.2 AerNos, Inc. 935
18.3 Alpha Szenszor 935
18.4 Arkema France SA 936
18.5 Awn Nanotech, Inc. 937
18.6 Battelle Memorial Institute 938
18.7 BBCP Conductor, Inc. 938
18.8 Bergen Carbon Solutions AS 939
18.9 Bioneer Corporation 939
18.10 Bio-Pact, LLC 940
18.11 Black Diamond Structures, LLC 941
18.12 BNNano 941
18.13 BNNT LLC 942
18.14 Brewer Science 943
18.15 Cabot Corporation 944
18.16 Cametics Cambridge Advanced Metals Limited 945
18.17 Carbon Nano-material Technology Ltd. 945
18.18 Carbice Corp. 946
18.19 C-Bond Systems LLC 946
18.20 C2CNT LLC/Capital Power 946
18.21 Canatu Oy 947
18.22 Carbonics, Inc. 948
18.23 Carbon Upcycling Technologies, Inc. 949
18.24 CarbonX 950
18.25 Carestream Health, Inc. 950
18.26 CENS Materials Ltd. 951
18.27 CNM Technologies GmbH 952
18.28 Jiangsu CNano Limited 953
18.29 Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing 953
18.30 DexMat, Inc. 954
18.31 Eden Innovations LLC 955
18.32 Essentium, Inc. 955
18.33 Evercloak, Inc. 956
18.34 Fuji Pigment Co., Ltd. 957
18.35 Fujitsu Laboratories 957
18.36 Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. 959
18.37 FutureCarbon GmbH 960
18.38 Goodfellow Corporation 960
18.39 GSI Creos Corporation 961
18.40 Hamamatsu Carbonics Corporation 962
18.41 Hitachi Zosen Corporation 963
18.42 Honjo Chemical Corporation 964
18.43 Huntsman Corporation/Nanocomp Technologies, Inc. 964
18.44 Hycarb, Inc. 965
18.45 Hyosung R&D Labs 966
18.46 IBM Corporation 966
18.47 Inoplaztech 967
18.48 JEIO Co., Ltd. 968
18.49 Jikantechno Corporation 968
18.50 KJ Specialty Paper Co., Ltd. 969
18.51 Koatsu Gas Kogyo Co., Ltd. 970
18.52 Korea Kumho Petrochemical Co., Ltd. 971
18.53 Lanxess Deutschland GmbH 972
18.54 LeaderNano Tech LLC 973
18.55 LG Chemical, Ltd. 973
18.56 Lintec of America, Inc. 974
18.57 Mattershift 975
18.58 MC Yamasan Polymers Co., Ltd. 976
18.59 MECHnano LLC 976
18.60 Micro-X Limited 977
18.61 Murata Machinery Ltd. 978
18.62 Naieel Technology 979
18.63 Nacalai Tesque 980
18.64 Nano Cube Japan Co., Ltd. 980
18.65 Nanocyl 981
18.66 Nanomix, Inc. 982
18.67 Nanoramic Laboratories 982
18.68 Nano RAY-T LLC 983
18.69 NanoRial Technologies Ltd 984
18.70 Nanosperse LLC 984
18.71 NanoTechLabs, Inc. 985
18.72 Nanotul d.o.o. 986
18.73 Nantero, Inc. 986
18.74 Nawa Techonologies 987
18.75 NEC Corporation 989
18.76 Nemo Nanomaterials 992
18.77 New Metals and Chemicals Corporation 992
18.78 Nippon Shizai Co., Ltd. 993
18.79 Nissin Electric Co., Ltd. 994
18.80 Nitta Corporation 994
18.81 Novasolix, Inc. 995
18.82 NTherma Corporation 995
18.83 Ororo 996
18.84 Oy Morphona Ltd. 997
18.85 Perpetuus Carbon Group 998
18.86 Plasma-X 999
18.87 Porifera, Inc. 999
18.88 Prysmian Group 1000
18.89 Q-Flo Limited 1000
18.90 RTP Company 1001
18.91 Sakata Inx Corp. 1001
18.92 Shenzhen Sanshun Nano New Materials Co., Ltd. 1002
18.93 Sineva Material Technology Co., Ltd 1003
18.94 SkyWater Technology 1004
18.95 Solarno, Inc. 1004
18.96 Solid Carbon Products, LLC 1005
18.97 Taiwan Carbon Nanotube Technology 1005
18.98 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation 1006
18.99 Takenaka Seisakusho Co., Ltd. 1007
18.100 TE Connectivity 1007
18.101 Teijin Aramid B.V. 1008
18.102 Tesla Nanocoatings 1009
18.103 Toho Kasei 1009
18.104 Toho Tenax Co., Ltd. 1010
18.105 Tokushu Tokai Paper Co., Ltd. 1010
18.106 Top Nanosys 1011
18.107 Tortech Nano Fibers 1012
18.108 Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd. 1012
18.109 Toyocolor Co., Ltd. 1013
18.110 TPR Co., Ltd. 1013
18.111 Tyrata, Inc. 1014
18.112 UltraCharge Limited 1014
18.113 Veelo Technologies 1015
18.114 Verdox 1016
18.115 Xianfeng NanoMaterials Co., Ltd. 1016
18.116 XinNano Material, Inc 1017
18.117 Zeptor Corporation 1017
18.118 ZOZ GmbH 1018
18.119 Zyvex Technologies 1018

19 SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES COMPANY PROFILES 1020

19.1 Chasm Advanced Materials, Inc. 1020
19.2 Kao Corporation 1023
19.3 KH Chemicals Co., Ltd. 1023
19.4 Kusumoto Chemicals 1026
19.5 Meijo Nano Carbon Co., Ltd. 1027
19.6 Nano-C, Inc. 1028
19.7 NanoIntegris Technologies, Inc. c/o Raymor Industries, Inc. 1029
19.8 Nanotechnologies India Private Limited 1030
19.9 Novation Solutions, LLC (NovationSi) 1031
19.10 OCSiAl Group 1032
19.11 SmartNanotubes Technologies GmbH 1033
19.12 Thomas Swan & Co., Ltd. 1034
19.13 Toray Industries, Inc. 1036
19.14 Zeon Nano Technology Co., Ltd. 1037

20 NANODIAMOND PRODUCER PROFILES 1039

20.1 Adamas Nanotechnologies, Inc. 1040
20.2 Art Beam Co., Ltd. 1041
20.3 AR Brown 1042
20.4 Beijing Grish Hitech Co., Ltd. 1042
20.5 Bikanta, Inc. 1043
20.6 Carbodeon Ltd. Oy 1043
20.7 Cymaris Labs 1046
20.8 Daicel Corporation 1046
20.9 Dynalene 1048
20.10 eOx International BV 1048
20.11 FND Biotech, Inc. 1049
20.12 Henan Union Abrasives Corp. 1050
20.13 Henan Yuxing Micro-Diamond Co., Ltd. 1050
20.14 Heyuan Zhonglian Nanotechnology Co. Ltd 1051
20.15 John Crane, Inc. 1051
20.16 L.M. van Moppes and Sons SA 1052
20.17 JSC SINTA 1052
20.18 Microdiamant AG 1055
20.19 NDB 1055
20.20 NanoCarbon Research Institute Co., Ltd./ New Metals and Chemicals Corporation, Ltd. 1057
20.21 NanoDiamond Products Limited 1057
20.22 Nanoplazz Technologies, Inc. 1058
20.23 Neomond Ltd. 1058
20.24 NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH 1060
20.25 PlasmaChem GmbH 1060
20.26 Quantum Particles 1061
20.27 Ray-Techniques Ltd. 1062
20.28 Sumitomo Electric 1064
20.29 Tianjin Chanyu Superhard Sci-Tech Co., Ltd. 1065
20.30 Tong Li Tech 1065

21 GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS PRODUCERS 1066

21.1 Dotz Nano Ltd. 1066
21.2 GOLeafe 1067
21.3 Graphene Square 1068
21.4 Green Science Alliance Co., Ltd. 1069
21.5 KRI, Inc. 1070
21.6 Quantag Nanotechnologies 1071
21.7 Qurv Technologies S.L. 1072
21.8 Shanghai Simbatt Energy Technology Co., Ltd. 1073
21.9 XF Nano Materials Tech Co., Ltd 1073

22 FULLERENE PRODUCERS 1075

22.1 Acros Organics 1075
22.2 Alfa Aesar 1075
22.3 American Dye Source, Inc. 1076
22.4 ApNano Materials, Inc. 1077
22.5 Cheaptubes, Inc. 1077
22.6 ENanotec 1078
22.7 Frontier Carbon Corporation 1078
22.8 Honjo Chemical Corporation 1079
22.9 Hybrid Plastics 1079
22.10 Inoplaztech 1080
22.11 Iolitec Ionic Liquids Technologies GmbH 1081
22.12 MTR Ltd. 1081
22.13 Nano-C, Inc. 1082
22.14 NeoTechProduct Research and Production Company, Ltd. 1082
22.15 Reade Advanced Materials 1083
22.16 SES Research, Inc. 1083
22.17 Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. 1084
22.18 Vitamin C60 BioResearch Corporation 1084
22.19 Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd. 1085
22.20 WuXi YuanWen Graphene Technology Co., Ltd. 1085

23 OTHER 2-D MATERIALS 1086

23.1 2D MATERIALS PRODUCTION METHODS 1089
- 23.1.1 Top-down exfoliation 1089
- 23.1.2 Bottom-up synthesis 1090
23.2 HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE (h-BN) 1090
- 23.2.1 Properties 1091
- 23.2.2 Applications and markets 1091
  - 23.2.2.1 Electronics 1091
  - 23.2.2.2 Fuel cells 1091
  - 23.2.2.3 Adsorbents 1092
  - 23.2.2.4 Photodetectors 1092
  - 23.2.2.5 Textiles 1092
  - 23.2.2.6 Biomedical 1092
23.3 MXENES 1093
- 23.3.1 Properties 1093
- 23.3.2 Applications 1094
  - 23.3.2.1 Catalysts 1094
  - 23.3.2.2 Hydrogels 1094
  - 23.3.2.3 Energy storage devices 1094
  - 23.3.2.4 Gas Separation 1095
  - 23.3.2.5 Liquid Separation 1095
  - 23.3.2.6 Antibacterials 1095
23.4 TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDES (TMDC) 1096
- 23.4.1 Properties 1096
  - 23.4.1.1 Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) 1097
  - 23.4.1.2 Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) 1098
- 23.4.2 Applications 1098
  - 23.4.2.1 Electronics 1098
  - 23.4.2.2 Biomedical 1099
  - 23.4.2.3 Photovoltaics 1099
  - 23.4.2.4 Piezoelectrics 1099
  - 23.4.2.5 Sensors 1099
  - 23.4.2.6 Filtration 1100
  - 23.4.2.7 Batteries and supercapacitors 1100
  - 23.4.2.8 Fiber lasers 1100
23.5 BOROPHENE 1101
- 23.5.1 Properties 1101
- 23.5.2 Applications 1101
  - 23.5.2.1 Energy storage 1101
  - 23.5.2.2 Hydrogen storage 1102
  - 23.5.2.3 Sensors 1102
  - 23.5.2.4 Electronics 1102
23.6 PHOSPHORENE 1102
- 23.6.1 Properties 1103
  - 23.6.1.1 Fabrication methods 1104
  - 23.6.1.2 Challenges for the use of phosphorene in devices 1105
- 23.6.2 Applications 1105
  - 23.6.2.1 Electronics 1105
  - 23.6.2.2 Field effect transistors 1105
  - 23.6.2.3 Thermoelectrics 1106
  - 23.6.2.4 Batteries 1106
  - 23.6.2.5 Supercapacitors 1107
  - 23.6.2.6 Photodetectors 1107
  - 23.6.2.7 Sensors 1107
23.7 GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE (g-C3N4) 1108
- 23.7.1 Properties 1108
- 23.7.2 Synthesis 1108
- 23.7.3 C2N 1108
- 23.7.4 Applications 1109
  - 23.7.4.1 Electronics 1109
  - 23.7.4.2 Filtration membranes 1109
  - 23.7.4.3 Photocatalysts 1109
  - 23.7.4.4 Batteries 1109
  - 23.7.4.5 Sensors 1110
23.8 GERMANENE 1110
- 23.8.1 Properties 1110
- 23.8.2 Applications 1111
  - 23.8.2.1 Electronics 1111
  - 23.8.2.2 Batteries 1111
23.9 GRAPHDIYNE 1111
- 23.9.1 Properties 1112
- 23.9.2 Applications 1112
  - 23.9.2.1 Electronics 1112
  - 23.9.2.2 Batteries 1112
  - 23.9.2.3 Separation membranes 1113
  - 23.9.2.4 Water filtration 1113
  - 23.9.2.5 Photocatalysts 1113
  - 23.9.2.6 Photovoltaics 1113
23.10 GRAPHANE 1113
- 23.10.1 Properties 1114
- 23.10.2 Applications 1114
  - 23.10.2.1 Electronics 1114
  - 23.10.2.2 Hydrogen storage 1114
23.11 RHENIUM DISULFIDE (ReS2) AND DISELENIDE (ReSe2) 1115
- 23.11.1 Properties 1115
- 23.11.2 Applications 1115
  - 23.11.2.1 Electronics 1115
23.12 SILICENE 1116
- 23.12.1 Properties 1116
- 23.12.2 Applications 1117
  - 23.12.2.1 Electronics 1117
  - 23.12.2.2 Photovoltaics 1117
  - 23.12.2.3 Thermoelectrics 1118
  - 23.12.2.4 Batteries 1118
  - 23.12.2.5 Sensors 1118
23.13 STANENE/TINENE 1118
- 23.13.1 Properties 1119
- 23.13.2 Applications 1119
  - 23.13.2.1 Electronics 1119
23.14 ANTIMONENE 1120
- 23.14.1 Properties 1120
- 23.14.2 Applications 1120
23.15 INDIUM SELENIDE 1120
- 23.15.1 Properties 1120
- 23.15.2 Applications 1121
  - 23.15.2.1 Electronics 1121
23.16 LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES (LDH) 1121
- 23.16.1 Properties 1121
- 23.16.2 Applications 1122
  - 23.16.2.1 Adsorbent 1122
  - 23.16.2.2 Catalyst 1122
  - 23.16.2.3 Sensors 1122
  - 23.16.2.4 Electrodes 1122
  - 23.16.2.5 Flame Retardants 1123
  - 23.16.2.6 Biosensors 1123
  - 23.16.2.7 Tissue engineering 1123
  - 23.16.2.8 Anti-Microbials 1123
  - 23.16.2.9 Drug Delivery 1123
23.17 2D MATERIALS PRODUCER AND SUPPLIER PROFILES 1124
- 23.17.1 2D Layer 1124
- 23.17.2 2D Semiconductors 1124
- 23.17.3 HQ Graphene 1125
- 23.17.4 Ossila Limited 1126
- 23.17.5 Smart Elements GmbH 1127
- 23.17.6 SPI Supplies 1128
- 23.17.7 XlynX Materials Inc. 1128

24 REFERENCES 1130

List of Tables

Table 1. Graphene market developments in 2020. 67
Table 2. Graphene funding and investments in 2020. 69
Table 3. Graphene market developments in 2021. 70
Table 4. Publicly listed graphene companies. 73
Table 5. Main graphene producers by country, annual production capacities, types and main markets they sell into 2020. 74
Table 6. Demand for graphene (tons), 2018-2031. 77
Table 7. Main graphene producers in North America. 85
Table 8. Main graphene producers in Europe. 87
Table 9. Products incorporating graphene. 89
Table 10. Graphene investments and financial agreements. 91
Table 11. Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets. 94
Table 12. Graphene market challenges. 101
Table 13. Market summary for carbon nanotubes-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 103
Table 14. Typical properties of SWCNT and MWCNT. 107
Table 15. Applications of MWCNTs. 109
Table 16. Key MWCNT producers. 115
Table 17. Annual production capacity of the key MWCNT producers in 2021 (MT). 115
Table 18. MWCNT market demand forecast (metric tons), 2018-2031. 116
Table 19: Markets, benefits and applications of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. 118
Table 20. SWCNT market demand forecast (metric tons), 2018-2031. 120
Table 21. Annual production capacity of SWCNT producers in 2021 (KG). 121
Table 22. Carbon nanotubes market challenges. 122
Table 23: Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof. 126
Table 24. Market summary for carbon nanotubes-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 128
Table 25: Properties of carbon nanotubes. 131
Table 26. Key MWCNT producers. 133
Table 27. Annual production capacity of the key MWCNT producers in 2021 (MT). 133
Table 28. Typical properties of SWCNT and MWCNT. 137
Table 29: Markets, benefits and applications of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. 138
Table 30: Comparison between single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. 139
Table 31. Annual production capacity of SWCNT producers in 2021 (kg). 140
Table 32. Comparative properties of BNNTs and CNTs. 146
Table 33. Applications of BNNTs. 147
Table 34. Properties of nanodiamonds. 150
Table 35. Summary of types of NDS and production methods-advantages and disadvantages. 151
Table 36. Market overview for fullerenes-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 153
Table 37. Types of fullerenes and applications. 154
Table 38. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs. 156
Table 39. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for preparing GQDs. 159
Table 40. Applications of graphene quantum dots. 160
Table 41: Types of graphene and typical prices. 162
Table 42: Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer. 164
Table 43: Few-layer graphene pricing by producer. 165
Table 44: Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer. 166
Table 45: Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer. 167
Table 46: Graphene quantum dots pricing by producer. 169
Table 47: Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer. 169
Table 48: Graphene ink pricing by producer. 170
Table 49. Carbon nanotubes pricing (MWCNTS, SWCNT etc.) by producer. 171
Table 50. Pricing of nanodiamonds, by producer/distributor. 172
Table 51. Prices for graphene quantum dots. 174
Table 52. Market overview for graphene in 3D printing. 175
Table 53. Market outlook for graphene in 3D printing. 175
Table 54. Market and applications for graphene in 3D printing. 176
Table 55. Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2031. 179
Table 56. Product developers in graphene 3D printing. 181
Table 57. Market overview for graphene in adhesives. 183
Table 58. Market outlook for graphene in adhesives. 184
Table 59. Market and applications for graphene in adhesives. 184
Table 60. Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2031. 187
Table 61. Product developers in graphene adhesives. 188
Table 62. Market overview for graphene in the automotive market. 191
Table 63. Market outlook for graphene in automotive. 191
Table 64. Market and applications for graphene in automotive. 192
Table 65. Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2031. 195
Table 66. Product developers in the graphene automotive market. 196
Table 67. Applications of nanomaterials in batteries. 200
Table 68. Market overview for graphene in batteries. 205
Table 69. Market outlook for graphene in batteries. 206
Table 70. Market drivers for use of nanomaterials in batteries. 206
Table 71. Applications of nanomaterials in flexible and stretchable batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof. 209
Table 72. Market and applications for graphene in batteries. 209
Table 73. Estimated demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2031. 214
Table 74. Product developers in graphene batteries. 215
Table 75. Market overview for graphene in composites. 221
Table 76. Market outlook for graphene in fiber-based polymer composite parts. 221
Table 77. Market and applications for graphene in fiber-based composite parts. 222
Table 78. Market and applications for graphene in metal matrix composites. 226
Table 79. Global market for graphene in composites 2018-2031, tons. 227
Table 80. Product developers in graphene composites. 228
Table 81. Market overview for graphene in conductive inks. 234
Table 82. Market outlook for graphene in conductive inks. 234
Table 83. Market and applications for graphene in conductive inks. 235
Table 84. Comparative properties of conductive inks. 238
Table 85. Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2031. 239
Table 86. Product developers in graphene conductive inks. 241
Table 87. Market overview for graphene in construction and buildings. 244
Table 88. Market outlook for graphene in construction. 244
Table 89. Graphene for cement. 245
Table 90. Graphene for asphalt bitumen. 247
Table 91. Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2031. 249
Table 92: Graphene product developers in construction. 250
Table 93. Market overview for graphene in wearable electronics and displays. 253
Table 94. Market outlook for graphene in wearable electronics and displays. 254
Table 95. Market and applications for graphene in electronics. 254
Table 96. Comparison of ITO replacements. 256
Table 97. Demand for graphene in wearable, flexible and stretchable electronics, 2018-2031. 257
Table 98. Product developers in graphene-based electronics. 258
Table 99. Market overview for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits. 260
Table 100. Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors. 260
Table 101. Market outlook for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits. 260
Table 102. Market and applications for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits. 261
Table 103. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2031. 264
Table 104. Product developers in graphene transistors and integrated circuits. 265
Table 105. Market overview for graphene in memory devices. 267
Table 106. Market outlook for graphene in memory devices. 267
Table 107. Market and applications for graphene in memory devices. 268
Table 108. Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2031. 269
Table 109. Product developers in graphene memory devices. 270
Table 110. Market overview for graphene in filtration. 272
Table 111. Market outlook for graphene in filtration. 272
Table 112. Market and applications for graphene in filtration. 273
Table 113. Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2031. 277
Table 114. Graphene companies in filtration. 279
Table 115. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells. 282
Table 116. Market outlook for graphene in fuel cells. 282
Table 117. Market and applications for graphene in fuel cells. 283
Table 118. Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2031. 287
Table 119. Product developers in graphene fuel cells. 288
Table 120. Market overview for graphene in life sciences and medicine. 290
Table 121. Market outlook for graphene in drug delivery. 290
Table 122. Scorecard for graphene in imaging and diagnostics. 291
Table 123. Scorecard for graphene in medical implants. 291
Table 124. Scorecard for graphene in medical biosensors. 292
Table 125. Scorecard for graphene in woundcare. 293
Table 126. Market and applications for graphene in life sciences and medicine. 295
Table 127. Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2031. 299
Table 128. Product developers in graphene life sciences and biomedicine. 301
Table 129. Market overview for graphene in lighting. 305
Table 130. Market outlook for graphene in lighting. 305
Table 131. Market and applications for graphene in lighting. 306
Table 132. Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2031. 308
Table 133. Product developers in graphene lighting. 309
Table 134. Market overview for graphene in lubricants. 311
Table 135. Nanomaterial lubricant products. 311
Table 136. Market outlook for graphene in lubricants. 312
Table 137. Market and applications for graphene in lubricants. 313
Table 138. Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2031. 315
Table 139. Product developers in graphene lubricants. 316
Table 140. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas. 319
Table 141. Market outlook for graphene in oil and gas. 319
Table 142. Market and applications for graphene in oil and gas. 320
Table 143. Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2031. 322
Table 144. Product developers in graphene oil and gas. 323
Table 145. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings. 325
Table 146. Market outlook for graphene in paints and coatings. 325
Table 147. Market and applications for graphene in paints and coatings. 326
Table 148. Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2031. 329
Table 149. Product developers in graphene paints and coatings. 331
Table 150. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings. 336
Table 151. Market outlook for graphene in photonics. 336
Table 152. Market and applications for graphene in photonics. 337
Table 153. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2031. 340
Table 154. Product developers in graphene photonics. 341
Table 155. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics. 343
Table 156. Market outlook for graphene in photovoltaics. 344
Table 157. Market and applications for graphene in photovoltaics. 344
Table 158. Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2031. 347
Table 159. Product developers in graphene solar. 348
Table 160. Market overview for graphene in rubber and tires. 350
Table 161. Market outlook for graphene in rubber and tires. 350
Table 162. Market and applications for graphene in rubber and tires. 351
Table 163. Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2031. 354
Table 164. Product developers in rubber and tires. 356
Table 165. Market overview for graphene in sensors. 358
Table 166. Market outlook for graphene in sensors. 359
Table 167. Market and applications for graphene in sensors. 359
Table 168. Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2031. 363
Table 169. Product developers in graphene sensors. 365
Table 170. Market overview for graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 369
Table 171. Market outlook for graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 369
Table 172. Market and applications for graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 370
Table 173. Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2031. 375
Table 174. Graphene product developers in smart textiles and apparel. 376
Table 175. Market overview for graphene in supercapacitors. 381
Table 176. Market outlook for graphene in supercapacitors. 381
Table 177: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. 382
Table 178. Market and applications for graphene in supercapacitors. 382
Table 179. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2031. 385
Table 180. Product developers in graphene supercapacitors. 387
Table 181. Graphene audio equipment producers and products. 389
Table 182. Graphene sporting goods producers and products. 390
Table 183. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in 3D printing. 391
Table 184. Applications of carbon nanotubes in 3D printing. 392
Table 185. Market and applications for carbon nanotubesin 3D printing. 392
Table 186. Demand for carbon nanotubes in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2031. 394
Table 187. Product developers in carbon nanotubes in 3D printing. 395
Table 188. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in adhesives. 396
Table 189. Applications of carbon nanotubes in adhesives. 397
Table 190. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in adhesives. 397
Table 191. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in adhesives. 398
Table 192. Demand for carbon nanotubes in adhesives (tons), 2018-2031. 400
Table 193. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for adhesives. 401
Table 194. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in aerospace. 402
Table 195. Applications of carbon nanomaterials in aerospace. 403
Table 196. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in aerospace. 404
Table 197. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in aerospace. 405
Table 198. Demand for carbon nanotubes in aerospace (tons), 2018-2031. 406
Table 199. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for aerospace. 407
Table 200. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in automotive. 411
Table 201. Applications of carbon nanotubes in automotive. 411
Table 202. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in automotive. 413
Table 203. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in automotive. 413
Table 204. Demand for carbon nanotubes in automotive (tons), 2018-2031 416
Table 205. Product developers in carbon nanotubes in the automotive market. 417
Table 206. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in batteries. 420
Table 207. Applications of carbon nanotubes in batteries. 420
Table 208. Applications in sodium-ion batteries, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 423
Table 209. Applications in lithium-air batteries, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 425
Table 210. Applications in flexible and stretchable supercapacitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof. 433
Table 211. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in batteries. 434
Table 212. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in batteries. 435
Table 213. Estimated demand for carbon nanotubes in batteries (tons), 2018-2031. 439
Table 214. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for batteries. 440
Table 215. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in composites. 444
Table 216. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in fiber-based polymer composite parts. 445
Table 217. Applications of carbon nanotubes in fiber-based polymer composite parts. 446
Table 218. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in fiber-based composite parts. 448
Table 219. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in metal matrix composites. 453
Table 220. Global market for carbon nanotubes in composites 2018-2030, tons. 454
Table 221. Product developers in carbon nanotubes in composites. 456
Table 222. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in conductive inks. 461
Table 223. Applications of carbon nanomaterials in conductive ink. 461
Table 224. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in conductive inks. 462
Table 225. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in conductive inks. 463
Table 226. Comparative properties of conductive inks. 466
Table 227: Demand for carbon nanotubes in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2027. 467
Table 228. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for conductive inks. 468
Table 229. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in construction. 470
Table 230. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in construction. 470
Table 231. Carbon nanotubes for cement. 471
Table 232. Carbon nanotubes for asphalt bitumen. 473
Table 233: Demand for carbon nanotubes in construction (tons), 2018-2031. 473
Table 234: Carbon nanotubes product developers in construction. 475
Table 235. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in wearable electronics and displays. 476
Table 236. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in wearable electronics and displays. 476
Table 237. Applications of carbon nanotubes in wearable electronics and displays. 477
Table 238. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in wearable electronics and displays. 478
Table 239. Comparison of ITO replacements. 481
Table 240. Demand for carbon nanotubes in wearable electronics and displays, 2018-2031. 482
Table 241. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for electronics. 483
Table 242. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in transistors and integrated circuits. 485
Table 243. Applications of carbon nanotubes in transistors and integrated circuits. 485
Table 244. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in transistors and integrated circuits. 486
Table 245. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in transistors and integrated circuits. 487
Table 246. Demand for carbon nanotubes in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2031. 489
Table 247. Product developers in carbon nanotubes in transistors and integrated circuits. 490
Table 248. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in memory devices. 492
Table 249. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in memory devices. 492
Table 250. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in memory devices. 493
Table 251: Demand for carbon nanotubes in memory devices, 2018-2031. 495
Table 252: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for memory devices. 496
Table 253: Comparison of CNT membranes with other membrane technologies 498
Table 254. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in filtration. 499
Table 255. Applications of carbon nanotubes in filtration. 500
Table 256. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in filtration. 500
Table 257. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in filtration. 501
Table 258. Demand for carbon nanotubes in filtration (tons), 2018-2031. 504
Table 259: Carbon nanotubes companies in filtration. 505
Table 260. Electrical conductivity of different catalyst supports compared to carbon nanotubes. 507
Table 261. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells. 508
Table 262. Applications of carbon nanotubes in fuel cells. 508
Table 263. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells. 509
Table 264. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells. 509
Table 265: Demand for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2031. 512
Table 266: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for fuel cells. 513
Table 267. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in life sciences and medicine. 514
Table 268. Applications of carbon nanotubes in life sciences and biomedicine 515
Table 269. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in drug delivery. 518
Table 270. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in imaging and diagnostics. 518
Table 271. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in medical implants. 519
Table 272. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in medical biosensors. 520
Table 273. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in woundcare. 520
Table 274. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in life sciences and medicine. 521
Table 275: Demand for carbon nanotubes in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2031. 526
Table 276. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for life sciences and biomedicine. 527
Table 277. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in lubricants. 532
Table 278. Nanomaterial lubricant products. 532
Table 279. Applications of carbon nanotubes in lubricants. 533
Table 280. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in lubricants. 534
Table 281. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in lubricants. 534
Table 282: Demand for carbon nanotubes in lubricants (tons), 2018-2031. 536
Table 283: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for lubricants. 537
Table 284. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in oil and gas. 539
Table 285. Applications of carbon nanotubes in oil and gas. 539
Table 286. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in oil and gas. 540
Table 287. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in oil and gas. 541
Table 288: Demand for carbon nanotubes in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2031. 542
Table 289: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for oil and gas. 544
Table 290. Markets for carbon nanotube coatings. 544
Table 291. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings. 547
Table 292. Applications of carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings. 548
Table 293. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings. 549
Table 294. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings. 549
Table 295. Demand for carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2031. 553
Table 296: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for paints and coatings. 554
Table 297. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics. 558
Table 298. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics. 559
Table 299. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics. 560
Table 300: Demand for carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2031. 562
Table 301: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for solar. 563
Table 302. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires. 564
Table 303. Applications of carbon nanomaterials in rubber and tires. 564
Table 304. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires. 565
Table 305. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires. 566
Table 306: Demand for carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2031. 569
Table 307: Product developers in carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires. 570
Table 308. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in sensors. 571
Table 309. Applications of carbon nanotubes in sensors. 572
Table 310. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in sensors. 573
Table 311. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in sensors. 574
Table 312: Demand for carbon nanotubes in sensors (tons), 2018-2031. 576
Table 313: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for sensors. 577
Table 314: Desirable functional properties for the textiles industry afforded by the use of nanomaterials. 579
Table 315. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in smart textiles and apparel. 580
Table 316. Applications of carbon nanotubes in smart textiles and apparel. 581
Table 317. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in smart textiles and apparel. 581
Table 318. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in smart textiles and apparel. 582
Table 319: Demand for carbon nanotubes in textiles (tons), 2018-2031. 585
Table 320: Carbon nanotubes product developers in smart textiles and apparel. 586
Table 321. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors. 587
Table 322. Applications of carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors. 587
Table 323. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors. 588
Table 324. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors. 589
Table 325: Demand for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2031. 591
Table 326: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for supercapacitors. 592
Table 327. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in thermal interface materials. 594
Table 328. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in power cables. 595
Table 329. Markets and applications for SWCNTs. 597
Table 330. Market overview for SWCNTs in batteries. 598
Table 331. Market and applications for SWCNTs in batteries. 600
Table 332. Potential market for SWCNTs in batteries based on penetration forecasts 2017- 2030, tons. 600
Table 333. Advanced composites, properties and materials. 601
Table 334. Market overview for SWCNTs in composites. 602
Table 335. Market and applications for SWCNTs in fiber-based composite parts. 603
Table 336. Potential market for SWCNT based products in thermosets based on penetration forecasts 2017-2030. 604
Table 337. Potential market for SWCNT based products in thermoplastics based on penetration forecasts 2017-2030, tons. 604
Table 338. Market and applications for SWCNTs in metal matrix composites. 605
Table 339. Potential market for SWCNT based products in metal-matrix composites based on penetration forecasts 2017-2030, tons. 606
Table 340. Market overview for SWCNTs in coatings. 608
Table 341. Market and applications for SWCNTs in coatings. 608
Table 342. Potential market for SWCNT based products in coatings based on penetration forecasts 2017-2030, tons. 609
Table 343. Market overview for SWCNTs in tyres. 610
Table 344. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in tyres. 611
Table 345. Potential market for SWCNT based products in tyres based on penetration forecasts 2017-2030, tons. 612
Table 346. Market and applications for SWCNTs in rubber technical goods. 612
Table 347. Potential market for SWCNT based products in rubber technical goods based on penetration forecasts 2017-2030, tons. 613
Table 348. Electrical conductivity of different catalyst supports compared to carbon nanotubes. 614
Table 349. Market overview for SWCNTs in fuel cells 614
Table 350. Market and applications for SWCNTs in fuel cells. 615
Table 351. SWCNT market demand in fuel cells. 617
Table 352. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in cement. 617
Table 353. Carbon nanotubes for cement. 618
Table 354. SWCNT market demand in cement. 619
Table 355. Market overview for SWCNTs in anti-static plastics. 620
Table 356. Market and applications for SWCNTs in anti-static plastics 620
Table 357. SWCNT market demand in anti-static plastics. 621
Table 358. Market overview for SWCNTs in transparent conductive films. 622
Table 359. Market and applications for SWCNTs in transparent conductive films. 622
Table 360. SWCNT market demand in transparent conductive films. 623
Table 361. Market overview for SWCNTs in power cables. 624
Table 362. Market and applications for SWCNTs in power cables. 624
Table 363. Potential market for SWCNTs conductive additives in power cables based on penetration forecasts 2017- 2030, tons. 625
Table 364. Applications and benefits of SWCTNs in adhesives. 626
Table 365. Market overview for SWCNTs in adhesives 627
Table 366. Market and applications for SWCNTs in adhesives. 627
Table 367. Potential market for SWCNTs in adhesives based on penetration forecasts 2017- 2030, tons. 628
Table 368. Nanomaterial lubricant products. 629
Table 369. Market overview for SWCNTs in lubricants. 630
Table 370. Market and applications for SWCNTs in lubricants. 631
Table 371. Potential market for SWCNTs in lubricants based on penetration forecasts 2017- 2030, tons. 632
Table 372. Application of SWCNTs in thermal interface materials. 633
Table 373. Application of SWCNTs in supercapacitors. 633
Table 374. Nanomaterial lubricant products. 635
Table 375. Market overview for nanodiamonds in lubricants-market maturity, market demand, competitive landscape. 636
Table 376. Market and applications for nanodiamonds in lubricants-applications, benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for use of nanodiamonds, technology challenges, competing materials, market demand. 637
Table 377. Market consumption of nanodiamonds in lubricants to 2030 (tons) 639
Table 378. Market overview for NDs in polishing materials-market maturity, market demand, competitive landscape. 641
Table 379. Market and applications for nanodiamonds in polishing materials-applications, benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for use of nanodiamonds, technology challenges, competing materials, market demand. 641
Table 380. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in polishing additives to 2030 (tons). 643
Table 381. Market overview for NDs in electroplating and anti-friction/wear coatings-market maturity, market demand, competitive landscape.. 645
Table 382. Market and applications for NDs in electroplating and anti-wear/friction coatings-applications, benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for use of nanodiamonds, technology challenges, competing materials, market demand.. 646
Table 383. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in electroplating and anti-wear/friction coatings to 2030 (tons). 649
Table 384. Market overview for nanodiamonds in composites-market maturity, market demand, competitive landscape.. 651
Table 385. Market overview for nanodiamonds in fiber-based polymer composite parts. 651
Table 386. Market and applications for nanodiamonds in fiber-based composite parts-applications, benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for use of nanodiamonds, technology challenges, competing materials, market demand.. 652
Table 387. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in thermosets to 2030 (tons) 654
Table 388. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in thermoplastics to 2030 (tons). 655
Table 389. Market and applications for NDs in metal matrix composites-market maturity, market demand, competitive landscape. 657
Table 390. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in metal-matrix to 2030, tons. 658
Table 391. Market overview for NDs in skincare (cosmetics). 660
Table 392. Market and applications for nanodiamonds in skincare (cosmetics)-applications, benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for use of nanodiamonds, technology challenges, competing materials, market demand.. 661
Table 393. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in skincare to 2030 (tons). 664
Table 394. Market overview for nanodiamonds in supercapacitors-market maturity, market demand, competitive landscape. 666
Table 395. Market and applications for nanodiamonds in supercapactitors- applications, benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for use of nanodiamonds, technology challenges, competing materials, market demand. 666
Table 396. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in supercapacitors to 2030 (tons). 668
Table 397. Market overview for nanodiamonds in batteries -market maturity, market demand, competitive landscape. 670
Table 398. Market and applications for NDs in batteries- applications, benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for use of nanodiamonds, technology challenges, competing materials, market demand. 670
Table 399. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in batteries to 2030 (tons). 672
Table 400. Market overview for NDs in drug delivery. 675
Table 401. Different nanoparticle vehicles used in nanomedicine. 675
Table 402. FDA-approved nanotechnology-based products and clinical trials. 676
Table 403. NDs for drug delivery-applications, benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for use of nanodiamonds, technology challenges, competing materials, market demand. 681
Table 404. Products incorporating fullerenes. 685
Table 405. Markets, benefits and applications of fullerenes. 685
Table 406. Global consumption of fullerenes in metric tonnes, 2010-2031. 686
Table 407. Fullerenes Market Share 2020 (MT). 688
Table 408. Fullerenes Market Share 2031 (MT). 689
Table 409. Consumption of fullerenes by region 2020 (MT). 690
Table 410. Consumption of fullerenes by region 2031 (MT). 691
Table 411. Example prices of fullerenes. 691
Table 413. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics and photonics. 693
Table 414. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in energy storage and conversion. 694
Table 415. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in sensors. 695
Table 416. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in biomedicine and life sciences. 696
Table 417. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics. 697
Table 418. Performance criteria of energy storage devices. 929
Table 419. Properties of carbon nanotube paper. 1010
Table 420. Chasm SWCNT products. 1020
Table 422. Thomas Swan SWCNT production. 1034
Table 423. Production methods, by main ND producers. 1038
Table 424. Adamas Nanotechnologies, Inc. nanodiamond product list. 1039
Table 425. Carbodeon Ltd. Oy nanodiamond product list. 1044
Table 426. Daicel nanodiamond product list. 1046
Table 427. FND Biotech Nanodiamond product list. 1048
Table 428. JSC Sinta nanodiamond product list. 1053
Table 429. Plasmachem product list and applications. 1060
Table 430. Ray-Techniques Ltd. nanodiamonds product list. 1062
Table 431. Comparison of ND produced by detonation and laser synthesis. 1062
Table 432. 2D materials types. 1085
Table 433. 2D materials types. 1087
Table 434. Comparison of top-down exfoliation methods to produce 2D materials. 1088
Table 435. Comparison of the bottom-up synthesis methods to produce 2D materials. 1089
Table 436. Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2. 1103

List of Figures

Figure 1. Demand for graphene, by market, 2020. 66
Figure 2. Demand for graphene, 2018-2031, tons. 78
Figure 3. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2031 (tons). Low estimate. 80
Figure 4. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2031 (tons). Medium estimate. 81
Figure 5. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2031 (tons). High estimate. 82
Figure 6. Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2020. 82
Figure 7. Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2020. 83
Figure 8. Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific. 84
Figure 9. Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2020. 87
Figure 10. Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2020. 88
Figure 11. Market demand for carbon nanotubes by market, 2018-2031 (tons). 106
Figure 12. Demand for MWCNT by application in 2020. 114
Figure 13. MWCNT market demand forecast (metric tons), 2018-2031. 117
Figure 14. Demand for MWCNT by application in 2020. 117
Figure 15. SWCNT market demand forecast (metric tons), 2018-2031. 121
Figure 16: Graphene layer structure schematic. 124
Figure 17: Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG. 124
Figure 18: Graphite and graphene. 125
Figure 19: Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene. 126
Figure 20. Market demand for carbon nanotubes by market, 2018-2031 (tons). 135
Figure 21: Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube. 136
Figure 22: TIM sheet developed by Zeon Corporation. 137
Figure 23: Double-walled carbon nanotube bundle cross-section micrograph and model. 141
Figure 24. Schematic of a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) membrane used for water treatment. 142
Figure 25. TEM image of FWNTs. 143
Figure 26: Schematic representation of carbon nanohorns. 144
Figure 27: TEM image of carbon onion. 145
Figure 28: Schematic of Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). Alternating B and N atoms are shown in blue and red. 146
Figure 29. Detonation Nanodiamond. 149
Figure 30. DND primary particles and properties. 149
Figure 31. Functional groups of Nanodiamonds. 150
Figure 32: Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots. 155
Figure 33. Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4). 156
Figure 34. Graphene quantum dots. 158
Figure 35. Top-down and bottom-up methods. 159
Figure 36. Revenues for graphene quantum dots 2019-2030, millions USD 161
Figure 37: CVD Graphene on Cu Foil. 164
Figure 38. Applications of graphene in 3D printing. 179
Figure 39. Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2031. 180
Figure 40. CNCTArch lightweight mounting for digital signalling. 181
Figure 41. Applications of graphene in adhesives. 187
Figure 42. Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2031. 188
Figure 43. Graphene Adhesives. 189
Figure 44. Summary of graphene in automobiles. 191
Figure 45. Applications of graphene in automotive. 194
Figure 46. Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2031. 196
Figure 47. Supercar incorporating graphene. 196
Figure 48. Graphene anti-corrosion primer. 198
Figure 49. Graphene-R Brake pads. 198
Figure 50. Antistatic graphene tire. 198
Figure 51. Graphene engine oil additives. 199
Figure 52. Annual cobalt demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031. 202
Figure 53. Annual lithium demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031. 203
Figure 54. Costs of batteries to 2031. 205
Figure 55. Applications of graphene in batteries. 213
Figure 56. Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2031. 215
Figure 57. Apollo Traveler graphene-enhanced USB-C / A fast charging power bank. 216
Figure 58. Exide Graphene Lead Acid Battery. 216
Figure 59. 6000mAh Portable graphene batteries. 217
Figure 60. Real Graphene Powerbank. 218
Figure 61. Graphene Functional Films - UniTran EH/FH. 219
Figure 62. Applications of graphene in composites. 225
Figure 63. Demand for graphene in composites (tons), 2018-2031. 228
Figure 64. Graphene bike. 229
Figure 65. Graphene lacrosse equipment. 230
Figure 66. Graphene-based suitcase made from recycled plastic. 230
Figure 67. Aros Create. 231
Figure 68. Grays graphene hockey sticks. 233
Figure 69. Applications of graphene in conductive inks. 239
Figure 70. Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2031. 240
Figure 71. BGT Materials graphene ink product. 241
Figure 72. Printed graphene conductive ink. 242
Figure 73. Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink. 242
Figure 74. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete. 245
Figure 75. Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2031. 250
Figure 76. Graphene asphalt additives. 251
Figure 77. OG (Original Graphene) Concrete Admix Plus. 251
Figure 78. Demand for graphene in wearable, flexible and stretchable electronics, 2018-2031. 257
Figure 79. Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application. 258
Figure 80. Applications of graphene in transistors and integrated circuits. 263
Figure 81. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2031. 264
Figure 82. Graphene IC in wafer tester. 265
Figure 83. Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right). 266
Figure 84. Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2031. 270
Figure 85. Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random-access memory (RRAM). 271
Figure 86. Applications of graphene in filtration. 277
Figure 87. Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2031. 278
Figure 88. Graphene anti-smog mask. 279
Figure 89. Graphene filtration membrane. 280
Figure 90. Graphene water filer cartridge. 280
Figure 91. Applications of graphene in fuel cells. 286
Figure 92. Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2031. 287
Figure 93. Graphene-based E-skin patch. 289
Figure 94. Flexible and transparent bracelet that uses graphene to measure heart rate, respiration rate etc. 294
Figure 95. Applications of graphene in life sciences and medicine 299
Figure 96. Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2031. 300
Figure 97. Graphene medical biosensors for wound healing. 302
Figure 98. Graphene Frontiers’ Six™ chemical sensors consists of a field effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel. Receptor molecules, such as DNA, are attached directly to the graphene channel. 302
Figure 99. GraphWear wearable sweat sensor. 303
Figure 100. BioStamp nPoint. 304
Figure 101. Applications of graphene in lighting. 308
Figure 102. Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2031. 309
Figure 103. Graphene LED bulbs. 310
Figure 104. Applications of graphene in lubricants. 315
Figure 105. Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2031. 316
Figure 106. Tricolit spray coating. 317
Figure 107. Graphenoil products. 317
Figure 108. Applications of graphene in oil and gas. 322
Figure 109. Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2031. 323
Figure 110. Directa Plus Grafysorber. 324
Figure 111. Applications of graphene in paints and coatings. 329
Figure 112. Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2031. 330
Figure 113. Cryorig CPU cooling system with graphene coating. 331
Figure 114. Four layers of graphene oxide coatings on polycarbonate. 332
Figure 115. 23303 ZINCTON GNC graphene paint. 333
Figure 116. Graphene-enhanced anti-corrosion aerosols under their Hycote brand. 333
Figure 117. Scania Truck head lamp brackets ACT chamber 6 weeks, equivalent to 3y field use. Piece treated with GO to the left together with different non-GO coatings. 334
Figure 118. Schematic of graphene heat film. 335
Figure 119. Applications of graphene in photonics. 340
Figure 120. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2031. 341
Figure 121. All-graphene optical communication link demonstrator operating at a data rate of 25 Gb/s per channel. 342
Figure 122. Applications of graphene in photovoltaics. 347
Figure 123. Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2031. 348
Figure 124. Graphene coated glass. 349
Figure 125. Applications of graphene in rubber and tires. 354
Figure 126. Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2031. 355
Figure 127. Eagle F1 graphene tire. 356
Figure 128. Graphene floor mats. 357
Figure 129. Vittoria Corsa G+ tire. 357
Figure 130. Graphene-based sensors for health monitoring. 358
Figure 131. Applications of graphene in sensors. 363
Figure 132. Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2031. 364
Figure 133. AGILE R100 system. 365
Figure 134. Graphene fully packaged linear array detector. 366
Figure 135. GFET sensors. 366
Figure 136. Graphene is used to increase sensitivity to middle-infrared light. 368
Figure 137. Applications of graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 374
Figure 138. Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2031. 376
Figure 139. 878 Project One jacket display. 376
Figure 140. Colmar graphene ski jacket. 377
Figure 141. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing. 377
Figure 142. G+ Graphene Aero Jersey. 378
Figure 143. Inov-8 graphene shoes. 378
Figure 144. Graphene Functional Membranes - UniTran GM. 379
Figure 145. Graphene jacket. 380
Figure 146. Applications of graphene in supercapacitors. 385
Figure 147. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2031. 386
Figure 148. KEPCO’s graphene supercapacitors. 387
Figure 149. Skeleton Technologies supercapacitor. 388
Figure 150. Zapgo supercapacitor phone charger. 388
Figure 151. Callaway Chrome Soft golf and Chrome Soft X golf balls. 390
Figure 152. Demand for carbon nanotubes in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2031. 395
Figure 153. Demand for carbon nanotubes in adhesives (tons), 2018-2031. 401
Figure 154. Carbon nanotube Composite Overwrap Pressure Vessel (COPV) developed by NASA. 402
Figure 155. Demand for carbon nanomaterials in aerospace (tons), 2018-2031. 407
Figure 156. HeatCoat technology schematic. 408
Figure 157. Veelo carbon fiber nanotube sheet. 410
Figure 158. Demand for carbon nanotubes in automotive (tons), 2018-2031. 416
Figure 159. Schematic of CNTs as heat-dissipation sheets. 417
Figure 160. Electrochemical performance of nanomaterials in LIBs. 421
Figure 161. Theoretical energy densities of different rechargeable batteries. 425
Figure 162. Printed 1.5V battery. 426
Figure 163. Materials and design structures in flexible lithium ion batteries. 426
Figure 164. LiBEST flexible battery. 427
Figure 165. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs. 427
Figure 166. Electrochemical performance of materials in flexible LIBs. 428
Figure 167. Carbon nanotubes incorporated into flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries. 430
Figure 168. (A) Schematic overview of a flexible supercapacitor as compared to conventional supercapacitor. 432
Figure 169. Stretchable graphene supercapacitor. 434
Figure 170. Demand for carbon nanomaterials in batteries (tons), 2018-2031. 439
Figure 171. Demand for carbon nanotubes in composites (tons), 2018-2031. 455
Figure 172. CSCNT Reinforced Prepreg. 458
Figure 173: Demand for carbon nanotubes in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2031. 467
Figure 174: Nanotube inks 469
Figure 175: Demand for carbon nanotubes in construction (tons), 2018-2031. 474
Figure 176. Demand for carbon nanotubes in wearable electronics and displays, 2018-2031. 482
Figure 177. Demand for carbon nanomaterials in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2031. 490
Figure 178: Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs. 491
Figure 179: Demand for carbon nanotubes in memory devices, 2018-2031. 496
Figure 180: Carbon nanotubes NRAM chip. 497
Figure 181. Strategic Elements’ transparent glass demonstrator. 497
Figure 182: Demand for carbon nanotubes in filtration (tons), 2018-2031. 505
Figure 183: Demand for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2031. 513
Figure 184. Demand for carbon nanotubes in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2031. 526
Figure 185: CARESTREAM DRX-Revolution Nano Mobile X-ray System. 528
Figure 186. Graphene medical biosensors for wound healing. 529
Figure 187: Graphene Frontiers’ Six™ chemical sensors consists of a field effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel. Receptor molecules, such as DNA, are attached directly to the graphene channel. 529
Figure 188: GraphWear wearable sweat sensor. 530
Figure 189: Demand for carbon nanotubes in lubricants (tons), 2018-2031. 537
Figure 190: Demand for carbon nanotubes in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2031. 543
Figure 191: Demand for carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2031. 554
Figure 192. CSCNT Reinforced Prepreg. 556
Figure 193: Demand for carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2031. 562
Figure 194: Suntech/TCNT nanotube frame module 563
Figure 195: Demand for carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2031. 569
Figure 196: Demand for carbon nanotubes in sensors (tons), 2018-2031. 577
Figure 197: Demand for carbon nanotubes in textiles (tons), 2018-2031. 586
Figure 198: Demand for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2031. 591
Figure 199. Nawa's ultracapacitors. 593
Figure 200. Electrochemical performance of nanomaterials in LIBs. 598
Figure 201. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete. 618
Figure 202. Market consumption of nanodiamonds in lubricants to 2030 (tons). 640
Figure 203. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in polishing additives to 2030 (tons). 644
Figure 204. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in electroplating and anti-wear/friction coatings to 2030 (tons). 650
Figure 205. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in thermosets to 2030 (tons). 655
Figure 206. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in thermoplastics to 2030 (tons). 656
Figure 207. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in metal-matrix to 2030, tons. 659
Figure 208. Prototypes of nanodiamonds, fullerene and lignin sunscreen. 660
Figure 209. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in skincare to 2030 (tons).Source: Future Markets, Inc. 665
Figure 210. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in supercapacitors to 2030 (tons). 669
Figure 211. Global market consumption of nanodiamonds in batteries to 2030 (tons). 673
Figure 212. Application of NDs in biomedicine based on synthesis method. 674
Figure 213. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for fullerenes. 686
Figure 214. Global consumption of fullerenes in metric tonnes, 2010-2031. 687
Figure 215. Fullerenes Market Share 2020 (%). 688
Figure 216. Fullerenes Market Share 2031 (%). 689
Figure 217. Consumption of fullerenes by region 2020 (%). 690
Figure 218. Consumption of fullerenes by region 2031 (%). 691
Figure 219. Graphene heating films. 699
Figure 220. Graphene flake products. 706
Figure 221. AIKA Black-T. 709
Figure 222. Printed graphene biosensors. 717
Figure 223. Brain Scientific electrode schematic. 735
Figure 224. Graphene battery schematic. 760
Figure 225. Dotz Nano GQD products. 761
Figure 226. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell. 767
Figure 227. Proprietary atmospheric CVD production. 778
Figure 228. Wearable sweat sensor. 809
Figure 229. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination. 815
Figure 230. Sensor surface. 830
Figure 231. BioStamp nPoint. 844
Figure 232. Nanotech Energy battery. 862
Figure 233. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept. 865
Figure 234. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite. 866
Figure 235. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production. 867
Figure 236. TEM images of carbon nanobrush. 868
Figure 237. Test performance after 6 weeks ACT II according to Scania STD4445. 880
Figure 238. Quantag GQDs and sensor. 882
Figure 239. The Sixth Element graphene products. 894
Figure 240. Thermal conductive graphene film. 895
Figure 241. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint. 906
Figure 242. T-FORCE CARDEA ZERO. 908
Figure 243. AWN Nanotech water harvesting prototype. 936
Figure 244. Carbonics, Inc.’s carbon nanotube technology. 948
Figure 245. Fuji carbon nanotube products. 956
Figure 246. Internal structure of carbon nanotube adhesive sheet. 957
Figure 247. Carbon nanotube adhesive sheet. 958
Figure 248. Cup Stacked Type Carbon Nano Tubes schematic. 961
Figure 249. CSCNT composite dispersion. 961
Figure 250. Flexible CNT CMOS integrated circuits with sub-10 nanoseconds stage delays. 966
Figure 251. Koatsu Gas Kogyo Co. Ltd CNT product. 969
Figure 252. Test specimens fabricated using MECHnano’s radiation curable resins modified with carbon nanotubes. 976
Figure 253. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept. 987
Figure 254. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite. 988
Figure 255. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production. 989
Figure 256. TEM images of carbon nanobrush. 990
Figure 257. CNT film. 992
Figure 258. Schematic of a fluidized bed reactor which is able to scale up the generation of SWNTs using the CoMoCAT process. 1021
Figure 259. Carbon nanotube paint product. 1025
Figure 260. MEIJO eDIPS product. 1026
Figure 261. HiPCO® Reactor. 1029
Figure 262. Smell iX16 multi-channel gas detector chip. 1032
Figure 263. The Smell Inspector. 1032
Figure 264. Toray CNF printed RFID. 1035
Figure 265. NBD battery. 1055
Figure 266. Neomond dispersions. 1058
Figure 267. Dotz Nano GQD products. 1065
Figure 268. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination. 1068
Figure 269. Quantag GQDs and sensor. 1070
Figure 270. Schematic of 2-D materials. 1086
Figure 271. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride. 1089
Figure 272. BN nanosheet textiles application. 1091
Figure 273. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx. 1092
Figure 274. Types and applications of 2D TMDCs. 1095
Figure 275. Left: Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). Right: Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) 1096
Figure 276. SEM image of MoS2. 1096
Figure 277. Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor. 1098
Figure 278. Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge. 1099
Figure 279. Borophene schematic. 1100
Figure 280. Black phosphorus structure. 1102
Figure 281. Black Phosphorus crystal. 1103
Figure 282. Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation. 1104
Figure 283: Graphitic carbon nitride. 1107
Figure 284. Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal. Credit: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology. 1108
Figure 285. Schematic of germanene. 1109
Figure 286. Graphdiyne structure. 1111
Figure 287. Schematic of Graphane crystal. 1113
Figure 288. Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulfide. 1114
Figure 289. Silicene structure. 1115
Figure 290. Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate. 1116
Figure 291. Silicene transistor. 1116
Figure 292. Crystal structure for stanene. 1118
Figure 293. Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111). 1118
Figure 294. Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe). 1120
Figure 295. Application of Li-Al LDH as CO2 sensor. 1121

The Global Market for Carbon Nanomaterials

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The Global Market for Carbon Nanomaterials

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Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Fullerenes, Graphene Quantum Dots, 2D Materials and Nanodiamonds

Published October 2021 | 1165 pages, 436 tables, 295 figures | Table of contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 62

2 OVERVIEW OF GRAPHENE 125

3 OVERVIEW OF CARBON NANOTUBES 129

4 OVERVIEW OF NANODIAMONDS 149

5 OVERVIEW OF FULLERENES 154

6 OVERVIEW OF GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS 156

7 GRAPHENE PRICING 163

8 CARBON NANOTUBES PRICING 172

9 NANODIAMONDS PRICING 173

10 GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS PRICING 175

11 MARKETS FOR GRAPHENE 176

12 MARKETS FOR MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES 392

13 MARKETS FOR SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES 598

14 MARKETS FOR NANODIAMONDS 636

15 MARKETS FOR FULLERENES 686

16 MARKETS FOR GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS 694

17 GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES-PRODUCERS AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS 699

18 MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES COMPANY PROFILES 934

19 SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES COMPANY PROFILES 1020

20 NANODIAMOND PRODUCER PROFILES 1039

21 GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS PRODUCERS 1066

22 FULLERENE PRODUCERS 1075

23 OTHER 2-D MATERIALS 1086

24 REFERENCES 1130

List of Tables

List of Figures

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