The Global Market for Graphene

0

There are over 200 companies globally producing graphene materials or developing products incorporating graphene and this number is growing as OEMs witness the benefits offered by graphene. Recent product launches include graphene-based bicycle and automotive tires, sportswear, concrete, thermal coatings, smart phone batteries, supercapacitors, water filtration membranes and composites. Significant commercial benefits have been achieved by using a small amount of graphene including cost savings, thermal dissipation qualities, lightweighting and noise reduction.

Major corporations including Ford (automotive composites) and Huawei (cooling films for smartphones) have integrated graphene into their products. Ford are the first mass-market automotive company to use graphene in an everyday vehicle – the F150 pick-up truck.

Now in it’s 26th edition (first published 2009), The Global Market for Graphene provides a complete analysis for the market for these exceptional materials, including competition, production, revenues, markets, applications, producers and product developers.

Published: December 2019 | Pages: 627 pages | 298 tables, 179 figures | Price: £1000 | Table of contents 

Report contents include:

  • Commercialized graphene products.
  • Graphene Quantum Dots.
  • Demand for graphene by market.
  • Global production capacities-historical, current and forecast to 2030.
  • Market segmentation by graphene type.
  • Stage of commercialization for graphene applications, from basic research to market entry.
  • Market drivers, trends and challenges, by end user markets.
  • Competitive landscape of graphene among other carbon-based additives (MWCNT, SWCNT, Carbon Fibers, Carbon Black, etc.)
  • In-depth market assessment of opportunities for graphene including tonnage demand by market, growth rates, pricing, most likely applications and market challenges.
  • Market demand in tonnes, USD, CAGR 2018-2030
  • In-depth company profiles, including products, capacities, and commercial activities.
  • Detailed forecasts for key growth areas, opportunities and user demand.
  • Assessment of applications for other 2D materials.
  • Over 200 company profiles including production, products, target markets.
  • Data on addressable markets for graphene (revenues), relevant applications, graphene technology fit and competition from other materials.
  • New information on demand by regional market.
  • Latest product and investment news.
  • Commercial production capacities by company, and by year, for Graphene Oxide, Graphene Nanolatelets and CVD Graphene in tons and m2
  • Industrial collaborations and licence agreements
  • Markets targeted, by product developers and end users
  • Types of graphene produced, by producer
  • Graphene applications by industry, material, and product
  • Over 200 company profiles including  Applied Graphene Materials plc, Bonbouton, Carbon Gates Technologies LLC, Carbon Waters,  Directa Plus plc, Dotz Nano Ltd., First Graphene Ltd,   Grafoid, Inc.,   Gratomic, Inc.,  Graphenall Co., Ltd., Graphenea Nanomaterials, Gratomic, Inc.,  Grolltex, Inc.,  Haydale Limited, Paragraf Ltd.,  The Sixth Element (Changzhou) Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Skeleton Technologies OÜ, Standard Graphene, Thomas Swan & Co. Ltd., Versarien plc., ZEN Graphene Solutions Ltd. etc

 

The Global Market for Graphene
The Global Market for Graphene
Instant PDF download to desktop, tablet or smartphone.
The Global Market for Graphene
The Global Market for Graphene
Print edition. 5-7 working days delivery. Price includes postage and packing plus couriered delivery.
The Global Market for Graphene
The Global Market for Graphene
PDF and print edition.
The Global Market for Graphene
The Global Market for Graphene
Enterprise wide licence PDF.

To purchase by invoice (bank transfer or cheque) contact info@futuremarketsinc.com.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1        RESEARCH METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 35

2        EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 41

  • 2.1     The global market for graphene………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
  • 2.2     Market review 2019………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45
  • 2.3     Graphene demand in tons……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45
  • 2.4     Commercially available graphene products………………………………………………………………………………… 46
  • 2.5     Graphene investments, funding and collaborations………………………………………………………………………. 49
  • 2.6     The graphene market opportunity…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 54
  • 2.7     Global production capacities 2019……………………………………………………………………………………………. 59
  • 2.8     Market drivers and trends in graphene………………………………………………………………………………………. 61
  • 2.9     Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 62
  • 2.10        Global demand for graphene by region to 2030………………………………………………………………………. 64

3        GRAPHENE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 72

  • 3.1     History……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 72
  • 3.2     Types of graphene……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 73
  • 3.3     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 73
  • 3.4     Comparative properties with other carbon materials…………………………………………………………………….. 74
    • 3.4.1       Cost and production……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 76
    • 3.4.2       Carbon nanotube-graphene hybrids…………………………………………………………………………………. 77

4        GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 79

  • 4.1     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 79
    • 4.1.1       Carbon quantum dots……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 79
    • 4.1.2       Graphene quantum dots………………………………………………………………………………………………… 79
  • 4.2     Synthesis…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 81
    • 4.2.1       Recent synthesis methods……………………………………………………………………………………………… 82
  • 4.3     Markets………………………………………………………………………… 84
    • 4.3.1       Optoelectronics…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 84
    • 4.3.2       Photocatalysis…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 84
    • 4.3.3       Batteries……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 85
    • 4.3.4       Fuel cells……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 86
    • 4.3.5       Photovoltaics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 86
    • 4.3.6       Biomedicine and life sciences…………………………………………………………………………………………. 87
    • 4.3.7       Anti-counterfeiting………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 88
    • 4.3.8       Detergents…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 88
  • 4.4     Market and technology challenges…………………………………………………………………………… 89
  • 4.5     Technology readiness level (TRL)……………………………………………………………………………….. 90
  • 4.6     Production of graphene quantum dots…………………………………………………………………….. 91
    • 4.6.1       Current and projected volumes……………………………………………………………………………………….. 91
    • 4.6.2       Prices……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 91
  • 4.7     Graphene quantum dot producers……………………………………………………………… 92

5        OTHER 2-D MATERIALS………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 96

  • 5.1     BOROPHENE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 98
    • 5.1.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 98
    • 5.1.2       Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 99
  • 5.2     PHOSPHORENE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 99
    • 5.2.1       Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 100
      • 5.2.1.1    Fabrication methods……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 101
      • 5.2.1.2    Challenges for the use of phosphorene in devices…………………………………………………………. 101
    • 5.2.2       Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 102
      • 5.2.2.1    Electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 102
      • 5.2.2.2    Batteries………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 102
      • 5.2.2.3    Photodetectors………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 103
      • 5.2.2.4    Sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 103
    • 5.2.3       Market opportunity assessment……………………………………………………………………………………… 104
  • 5.3     GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE (g-C3N4)……………………………………………………………………………….. 104
    • 5.3.1       Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 104
    • 5.3.2       Synthesis…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 105
    • 5.3.3       C2N…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 105
    • 5.3.4       Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 105
      • 5.3.4.1    Electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 105
      • 5.3.4.2    Filtration membranes………………………………………………………………………………………………. 105
      • 5.3.4.3    Photocatalysts………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 105
      • 5.3.4.4    Batteries (LIBs)……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 106
      • 5.3.4.5    Sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 106
    • 5.3.5       Market opportunity assessment……………………………………………………………………………………… 106
  • 5.4     GERMANENE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 106
    • 5.4.1       Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 107
    • 5.4.2       Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 107
      • 5.4.2.1    Electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 107
      • 5.4.2.2    Batteries………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 107
    • 5.4.3       Market opportunity assessment……………………………………………………………………………………… 107
  • 5.5     GRAPHDIYNE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 108
    • 5.5.1       Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 108
    • 5.5.2       Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 108
      • 5.5.2.1    Electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 108
      • 5.5.2.2    Batteries………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 108
      • 5.5.2.3    Separation membranes…………………………………………………………………………………………… 109
      • 5.5.2.4    Water filtration……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 109
      • 5.5.2.5    Photocatalysts………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 109
      • 5.5.2.6    Photovoltaics………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 109
    • 5.5.3       Market opportunity assessment……………………………………………………………………………………… 110
  • 5.6     GRAPHANE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 110
    • 5.6.1       Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 111
    • 5.6.2       Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 111
      • 5.6.2.1    Electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 111
      • 5.6.2.2    Hydrogen storage…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 111
    • 5.6.3       Market opportunity assessment……………………………………………………………………………………… 111
  • 5.7     HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE……………………………………………………………………………………………. 112
    • 5.7.1       Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 112
    • 5.7.2       Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 113
      • 5.7.2.1    Electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 113
      • 5.7.2.2    Fuel cells……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 113
      • 5.7.2.3    Adsorbents…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 113
      • 5.7.2.4    Photodetectors………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 113
      • 5.7.2.5    Textiles………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 113
      • 5.7.2.6    Biomedical……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 113
    • 5.7.3       Market opportunity assessment……………………………………………………………………………………… 114
  • 5.8     MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE (MoS2)……………………………………………………………………………………….. 114
    • 5.8.1       Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 115
    • 5.8.2       Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 115
      • 5.8.2.1    Electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 115
      • 5.8.2.2    Photovoltaics………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 116
      • 5.8.2.3    Piezoelectrics………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 116
      • 5.8.2.4    Sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 116
      • 5.8.2.5    Filtration………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 117
      • 5.8.2.6    Batteries………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 117
      • 5.8.2.7    Fiber lasers…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 117
    • 5.8.3       Market opportunity assessment……………………………………………………………………………………… 117
  • 5.9     RHENIUM DISULFIDE (ReS2) AND DISELENIDE (ReSe2)…………………………………………………………. 117
    • 5.9.1       Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 118
    • 5.9.2       Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 118
      • 5.9.2.1    Electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 118
    • 5.9.3       Market opportunity assessment……………………………………………………………………………………… 118
  • 5.10        SILICENE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 119
    • 5.10.1     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 119
    • 5.10.2     Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 120
      • 5.10.2.1       Electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 120
      • 5.10.2.2       Photovoltaics…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 120
      • 5.10.2.3       Thermoelectrics…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 120
      • 5.10.2.4       Batteries………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 120
      • 5.10.2.5       Sensors…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 121
    • 5.10.3     Market opportunity assessment……………………………………………………………………………………… 121
  • 5.11        STANENE/TINENE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 121
    • 5.11.1     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 122
    • 5.11.2     Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 122
      • 5.11.2.1       Electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 122
    • 5.11.3     Market opportunity assessment……………………………………………………………………………………… 122
  • 5.12        TUNGSTEN DISELENIDE……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 123
    • 5.12.1     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 123
    • 5.12.2     Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 123
      • 5.12.2.1       Electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 123
    • 5.12.3     Market opportunity assessment……………………………………………………………………………………… 124
  • 5.13        ANTIMONENE………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 124
    • 5.13.1     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 124
    • 5.13.2     Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 124
  • 5.14        DIAMENE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 124
    • 5.14.1     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 124
    • 5.14.2     Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 125
  • 5.15        INDIUM SELENIDE………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 125
    • 5.15.1     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 125
    • 5.15.2     Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 125
      • 5.15.2.1       Electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 125
  • 5.16        COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GRAPHENE AND OTHER 2D MATERIALS………………………………. 126

6        GRAPHENE PRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 127

  • 6.1     Large area graphene films……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 127
  • 6.2     Graphene oxide flakes and graphene nanoplatelets……………………………………………………………………. 127
  • 6.3     Production methods……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 128
  • 6.4     Synthesis and production by types of graphene…………………………………………………………………………. 131
    • 6.4.1       Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)……………………………………………………………………………………. 131
    • 6.4.2       Graphene nanoribbons………………………………………………………………………………………………… 131
    • 6.4.3       Large-area graphene films……………………………………………………………………………………………. 132
    • 6.4.4       Graphene oxide (GO)………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 133
  • 6.5     Pros and cons of graphene production methods………………………………………………………………………… 134

7        GRAPHENE MARKET STRUCTURE AND ROUTES TO COMMERCIALIZATION……………………………….. 140

  • 7.1     Commercialization route………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 140
  • 7.2     Market structure…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 140
    • 7.2.1       Graphite Ore Producers………………………………………………………………………………………………. 140
    • 7.2.2       Tools and CVD equipment providers………………………………………………………………………………. 141
    • 7.2.3       Research Labs………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 141
    • 7.2.4       Graphene Manufacturers……………………………………………………………………………………………… 141
      • 7.2.4.1    Large Area Graphene Film Producers…………………………………………………………………………. 141
      • 7.2.4.2    Graphene Materials Producers………………………………………………………………………………….. 141
  • 7.2.5       Intermediate component developers……………………………………………………………………………….. 141
  • 7.2.6       Product developers/OEMs……………………………………………………………………………………………. 142

8        REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS…………………………………………………………………………………………… 144

  • 8.1     Standards…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 144
  • 8.2     Environmental, health and safety regulation……………………………………………………………………………… 144
    • 8.2.1       Europe…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 144
    • 8.2.2       United States…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 145
    • 8.2.3       Asia………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 145
  • 8.3     Workplace exposure……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 145

9        PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………. 147

  • 9.1     Fabrication processes………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 147
  • 9.2     Academia…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 147
  • 9.3     Regional leaders………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 147
  • 9.4     Patent publications 2004-2018………………………………………………………………………………………………. 147
  • 9.5     Leading graphene patentees…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 148

10      GRAPHENE COMMERCIAL ROADMAP…………………………………………………………………………………….. 150

11      END USER MARKET SEGMENT ANALYSIS………………………………………………………………………………. 152

  • 11.1        Graphene production volumes 2010-2030……………………………………………………………………………. 152
  • 11.2        Commercial production capacities……………………………………………………………………………………… 153
    • 11.2.1     Graphene oxide production capacities…………………………………………………………………………….. 154
      • 11.2.1.1       By producer……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 154
      • 11.2.1.2       By region…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 154
    • 11.2.2     Graphene nanoplatelets production capacities………………………………………………………………….. 155
      • 11.2.2.1       By producer……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 155
      • 11.2.2.2       Production capacity by region……………………………………………………………………………….. 156
    • 11.2.3     CVD graphene film……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 157
      • 11.2.3.1       By producer……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 158
    • 11.2.4     Planned graphene capacities 2018 onwards…………………………………………………………………….. 158
  • 11.3        Graphene pricing……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 159
    • 11.3.1     Pristine Graphene Flakes pricing……………………………………………………………………………………. 160
    • 11.3.2     Few-Layer Graphene pricing…………………………………………………………………………………………. 160
    • 11.3.3     Graphene Nanoplatelets pricing…………………………………………………………………………………….. 161
    • 11.3.4     Reduced Graphene Oxide pricing………………………………………………………………………………….. 161
    • 11.3.5     Graphene Quantum Dots pricing……………………………………………………………………………………. 162
    • 11.3.6     Graphene Oxide Nanosheets pricing………………………………………………………………………………. 163
    • 11.3.7     Multilayer Graphene (MLG) pricing…………………………………………………………………………………. 163
  • 11.4        Mass production challenges……………………………………………………………………………………………… 164
    • 11.4.1     Mass production of lower grade graphene materials…………………………………………………………… 164
    • 11.4.2     High grade graphene difficult to mass produce………………………………………………………………….. 164
    • 11.4.3     Bulk supply……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 164
    • 11.4.4     Commoditisation………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 165

12      3D PRINTING………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 166

  • 12.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 166
  • 12.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 166
  • 12.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 167
  • 12.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 168
  • 12.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 170
  • 12.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 172
  • 12.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 172

13      ADHESIVES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 174

  • 13.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 174
  • 13.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 174
  • 13.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 175
  • 13.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 176
  • 13.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 179
  • 13.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 181
  • 13.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 182

14      AVIATION AND AEROSPACE………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 182

  • 14.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 182
  • 14.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 183
  • 14.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 184
    • 14.3.1     Composites………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 184
    • 14.3.2     Coatings…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 186
  • 14.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 187
  • 14.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 189
  • 14.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 193
  • 14.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 193

15      AUTOMOTIVE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 194

  • 15.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 194
  • 15.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 195
  • 15.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 196
    • 15.3.1     Composites………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 197
    • 15.3.2     Thermally conductive additives……………………………………………………………………………………… 197
    • 15.3.3     Tires……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 198
  • 15.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 199
  • 15.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 201
  • 15.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 204
  • 15.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 205

16      PAINTS AND COATINGS………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 206

  • 16.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 206
  • 16.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 210
  • 16.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 210
    • 16.3.1     Anti-corrosion coatings………………………………………………………………………………………………… 212
    • 16.3.2     Anti-microbial…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 213
    • 16.3.3     Anti-icing………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 213
    • 16.3.4     Barrier coatings………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 214
    • 16.3.5     Heat protection………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 215
    • 16.3.6     Anti-fouling……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 216
    • 16.3.7     Wear and abrasion resistance……………………………………………………………………………………….. 216
    • 16.3.8     Smart windows………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 217
  • 16.4        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 217
    • 16.4.1     Thermal barrier coatings………………………………………………………………………………………………. 220
      • 16.4.1.1       Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 220
    • 16.4.2     Barrier coatings………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 223
      • 16.4.2.1       Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 223
    • 16.4.3     Anti-microbial coatings………………………………………………………………………………………………… 225
      • 16.4.3.1       Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 226
    • 16.4.4     De-icing or anti-icing coatings……………………………………………………………………………………….. 228
      • 16.4.4.1       Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 228
    • 16.4.5     Abrasion and wear resistant coatings……………………………………………………………………………… 231
      • 16.4.5.1       Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 231
    • 16.4.6     Anti-corrosion coatings………………………………………………………………………………………………… 233
      • 16.4.6.1       Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 234
  • 16.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 236
  • 16.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 239
  • 16.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 240

17      COMPOSITES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 241

  • 17.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 242
  • 17.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 243
  • 17.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 244
    • 17.3.1     Polymer composites……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 244
    • 17.3.2     Barrier packaging……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 246
    • 17.3.3     Electrostatic discharge (ESD) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding……………………….. 246
    • 17.3.4     Wind turbines…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 246
    • 17.3.5     Ballistic protection………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 247
  • 17.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 247
  • 17.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 249
  • 17.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 253
  • 17.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 254

18      CONDUCTIVE FILMS AND WEARABLE ELECTRONICS………………………………………………………………. 255

  • 18.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 256
  • 18.2        Conductive films…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 260
    • 18.2.1     Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 262
    • 18.2.2     Electronic paper…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 263
  • 18.3        Wearable electronics………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 263
    • 18.3.1     Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 265
  • 18.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 269
  • 18.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 274
  • 18.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 278
  • 18.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 280

19      CONDUCTIVE INKS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 281

  • 19.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 281
  • 19.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 282
  • 19.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 283
    • 19.3.1     RFID……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 285
    • 19.3.2     Smart labels……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 287
    • 19.3.3     Smart clothing……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 287
    • 19.3.4     Printable sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 288
    • 19.3.5     Printed batteries…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 288
    • 19.3.6     Printable antennas……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 289
  • 19.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 290
  • 19.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 292
  • 19.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 296
  • 19.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 297

20      GRAPHENE TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS………………………………………………………….. 298

  • 20.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 298
  • 20.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 299
  • 20.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 299
    • 20.3.1     Integrated circuits……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 299
    • 20.3.2     Flexible integrated circuits……………………………………………………………………………………………. 300
    • 20.3.3     Transistors……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 300
    • 20.3.4     Graphene Radio Frequency (RF) circuits…………………………………………………………………………. 301
    • 20.3.5     Other 2D transistors……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 301
    • 20.3.6     Graphene spintronics………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 302
  • 20.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 303
  • 20.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 305
  • 20.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 309
  • 20.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 310

21      MEMORY DEVICES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 310

  • 21.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 311
  • 21.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 311
  • 21.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 312
  • 21.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 314
  • 21.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………….. 317
  • 21.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 319
  • 21.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 319

22      PHOTONICS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 319

  • 22.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 320
  • 22.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 320
  • 22.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 321
    • 22.3.1     Si photonics versus graphene……………………………………………………………………………………….. 321
    • 22.3.2     Optical modulators……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 321
    • 22.3.3     Photodetectors………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 322
    • 22.3.4     Saturable absorbers……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 323
    • 22.3.5     Plasmonics……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 323
    • 22.3.6     Fiber lasers………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 324
  • 22.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 324
  • 22.5         Global market demand for graphene……………………. 327
  • 22.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 328
  • 22.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 329

23      BATTERIES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 329

  • 23.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 330
  • 23.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 333
  • 23.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 334
    • 23.3.1     Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 334
    • 23.3.2     Fiber-shaped Lithium-Ion batteries…………………………………………………………………………………. 334
    • 23.3.3     Lithium-air batteries…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 334
    • 23.3.4     Lithium–sulfur batteries (Li–S)……………………………………………………………………………………….. 335
    • 23.3.5     Sodium-ion batteries…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 335
    • 23.3.6     Flexible and stretchable batteries…………………………………………………………………………………… 335
  • 23.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 336
  • 23.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 339
  • 23.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 343
  • 23.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 343

24      SUPERCAPACITORS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 346

  • 24.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 346
  • 24.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 346
  • 24.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 347
  • 24.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 350
  • 24.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 353
  • 24.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 355
  • 24.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 356

25      SOLAR………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 357

  • 25.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 357
  • 25.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 358
  • 25.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 358
    • 25.3.1     ITO replacement………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 359
    • 25.3.2     Graphene–silicon (Gr–Si) Schottky junction solar cells……………………………………………………….. 359
    • 25.3.3     Halide perovskites/graphene hybrids………………………………………………………………………………. 360
    • 25.3.4     Solar energy harvesting textiles…………………………………………………………………………………….. 360
  • 25.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 361
  • 25.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 363
  • 25.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 366
  • 25.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 367

26      FUEL CELLS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 367

  • 26.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 367
  • 26.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 369
  • 26.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 369
  • 26.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 370
  • 26.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 373
  • 26.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 375
  • 26.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 375

27      LIGHTING…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 376

  • 27.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 376
  • 27.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 376
  • 27.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 377
  • 27.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 378
  • 27.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 381
  • 27.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 383
  • 27.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 383

28      OIL AND GAS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 384

  • 28.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 384
  • 28.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 385
  • 28.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 386
    • 28.3.1     Sensing and reservoir management……………………………………………………………………………….. 386
    • 28.3.2     Coatings…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 387
    • 28.3.3     Drilling fluids……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 388
    • 28.3.4     Sorbent materials……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 388
    • 28.3.5     Catalysts………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 389
    • 28.3.6     Separation………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 389
  • 28.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 390
  • 28.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 392
  • 28.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 395
  • 28.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 396

29      FILTRATION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 396

  • 29.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 396
  • 29.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 398
  • 29.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 399
    • 29.3.1     Graphene membranes…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 399
    • 29.3.2     Water filtration…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 400
    • 29.3.3     Gas separation………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 400
    • 29.3.4     Photocatalytic absorbents…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 400
    • 29.3.5     Air filtration……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 401
  • 29.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 401
  • 29.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 404
  • 29.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 407
  • 29.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 407

30      LIFE SCIENCES AND BIOMEDICINE………………………………………………………………………………………… 409

  • 30.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 410
  • 30.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 411
  • 30.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 412
    • 30.3.1     Cancer therapy………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 415
      • 30.3.1.1       Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 415
      • 30.3.1.2       Graphene oxide for therapy and drug delivery………………………………………………………….. 417
      • 30.3.1.3       Graphene nanosheets………………………………………………………………………………………… 418
    • 30.3.2     Gene delivery……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 418
      • 30.3.2.1       Photodynamic Therapy……………………………………………………………………………………….. 418
    • 30.3.3     Medical implants and devices……………………………………………………………………………………….. 418
      • 30.3.3.1       Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 419
    • 30.3.4     Wound dressings……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 421
      • 30.3.4.1       Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 421
    • 30.3.5     Biosensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 422
      • 30.3.5.1       Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 422
      • 30.3.5.2       FRET biosensors for DNA detection………………………………………………………………………. 424
    • 30.3.6     Medical imaging…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 424
      • 30.3.6.1       Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 424
    • 30.3.7     Tissue engineering……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 425
      • 30.3.7.1       Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 425
    • 30.3.8     Dental……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 426
      • 30.3.8.1       Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 426
    • 30.3.9     Electrophysiology……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 427
    • 30.3.10        Wearable and mobile health monitoring………………………………………………………………………. 427
      • 30.3.10.1     Market assessment……………………………………………………………………………………………. 427
      • 30.3.10.2     Graphene devices……………………………………………………………………………………………… 429
      • 30.3.10.3     Patch-type skin sensors………………………………………………………………………………………. 431
      • 30.3.10.4     Skin temperature monitoring…………………………………………………………………………………. 432
      • 30.3.10.5     Hydration sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………. 433
      • 30.3.10.6     Wearable sweat sensors……………………………………………………………………………………… 433
      • 30.3.10.7     Smart footwear………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 435
  • 30.4        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 435
  • 30.5        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 438
  • 30.6        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 440

31      LUBRICANTS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 440

  • 31.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 440
  • 31.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 441
  • 31.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 442
  • 31.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 443
  • 31.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 443
  • 31.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 446
  • 31.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 446

32      RUBBER AND TIRES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 447

  • 32.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 447
  • 32.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 447
  • 32.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 448
  • 32.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 448
  • 32.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 449
  • 32.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 451
  • 32.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 452

33      SENSORS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 453

  • 33.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 453
  • 33.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 454
  • 33.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 454
    • 33.3.1     Infrared (IR) sensors…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 457
    • 33.3.2     Electrochemical and gas sensors…………………………………………………………………………………… 457
    • 33.3.3     Graphene foam………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 457
    • 33.3.4     Pressure sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 458
    • 33.3.5     Biosensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 458
    • 33.3.6     Optical sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 459
    • 33.3.7     Humidity sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 459
    • 33.3.8     Strain sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 460
    • 33.3.9     Acoustic sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 460
    • 33.3.10        Wireless sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 460
    • 33.3.11        Surface enhanced Raman scattering………………………………………………………………………….. 460
  • 33.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 460
  • 33.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 461
  • 33.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 464
  • 33.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 465

34      SMART TEXTILES AND APPAREL…………………………………………………………………………………………… 466

  • 34.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 467
  • 34.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 469
  • 34.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 470
    • 34.3.1     Conductive coatings……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 473
    • 34.3.2     Conductive yarns……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 474
    • 34.3.3     Sportswear……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 475
    • 34.3.4     Graphene sports and outdoor shoes……………………………………………………………………………….. 476
    • 34.3.5     Safety boots……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 476
    • 34.3.6     Industrial textiles………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 477
  • 34.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 477
  • 34.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 477
  • 34.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 480
  • 34.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 481

35      CONSTRUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 483

  • 35.1        Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 483
  • 35.2        Market overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 483
  • 35.3        Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 484
  • 35.4        Market assessment………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 484
  • 35.5        Global market demand for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 485
  • 35.6        Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 486
  • 35.7        Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 487

36      GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………….. 488

37      REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 604

 

Tables

  • Table 1: Categorization of nanomaterials……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 39
  • Table 2: Demand for graphene (tons), 2010-2030……………………………………………………………………………………. 45
  • Table 3: Consumer products incorporating graphene………………………………………………………………………………… 47
  • Table 4: Graphene investments and financial agreements 2017-2019………………………………………………………….. 49
  • Table 5: Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets……………………………………….. 50
  • Table 6: Graphene target markets-Applications and potential addressable market size…………………………………….. 54
  • Table 7: Market opportunity assessment matrix for graphene applications…………………………………………………….. 55
  • Table 8: Main graphene producers by country and annual production capacities 2019……………………………………… 59
  • Table 9. Market drivers and trends in graphene……………………………………………………………………………………….. 61
  • Table 10. Market challenges in graphene……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 63
  • Table 11: Properties of graphene…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 74
  • Table 12: Comparative properties of carbon materials………………………………………………………………………………. 75
  • Table 13: Comparative properties of graphene with nanoclays and carbon nanotubes……………………………………… 77
  • Table 14: Competitive analysis of Carbon nanotubes and graphene by application area and potential impact by 2030. 77
  • Table 15. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs……………………………………………………………….. 80
  • Table 16. Photoluminescent properties of GQDs……………………………………………………………………………………… 81
  • Table 17. Synthesis methods for graphene quantum dots………………………………………………………………………….. 81
  • Table 18. Recent synthesis methods for GQDs……………………………………………………………………………………….. 82
  • Table 19. Graphene Quantum Dots in optoelectronics………………………………………………………………………………. 84
  • Table 20. Graphene Quantum Dots in photocatalysis……………………………………………………………………………….. 84
  • Table 21. Graphene Quantum Dots in batteries……………………………………………………………………………………….. 85
  • Table 22. Graphene Quantum Dots in fuel cells………………………………………………………………………………………. 86
  • Table 23. Graphene Quantum Dots in photovoltaics…………………………………………………………………………………. 86
  • Table 24. Graphene Quantum Dots in biomedicine and life sciences……………………………………………………………. 87
  • Table 25. Graphene Quantum Dots in anti-counterfeiting…………………………………………………………………………… 88
  • Table 26. Graphene Quantum Dots in detergents…………………………………………………………………………………….. 88
  • Table 27. Market and technical challenges for Graphene Quantum Dots……………………………………………………….. 89
  • Table 28. Pricing of Graphene Quantum Dots…………………………………………………………………………………………. 91
  • Table 29: 2D materials types……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 96
  • Table 30: Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2……………………… 101
  • Table 31: Market opportunity assessment for phosphorene applications……………………………………………………… 104
  • Table 32: Market opportunity assessment for graphitic carbon nitride applications…………………………………………. 106
  • Table 33: Market opportunity assessment for germanene applications………………………………………………………… 107
  • Table 34: Market opportunity assessment for graphdiyne applications………………………………………………………… 110
  • Table 35: Market opportunity assessment for graphane applications…………………………………………………………… 111
  • Table 36: Market opportunity assessment for hexagonal boron nitride applications………………………………………… 114
  • Table 37: Market opportunity assessment for molybdenum disulfide applications…………………………………………… 117
  • Table 38: Market opportunity assessment for Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2) applications……… 118
  • Table 39: Market opportunity assessment for silicene applications……………………………………………………………… 121
  • Table 40: Market opportunity assessment for stanine/tinene applications…………………………………………………….. 122
  • Table 41: Market opportunity assessment for tungsten diselenide applications……………………………………………… 124
  • Table 42: Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2-D nanomaterials…………………………………………………… 126
  • Table 43: Large area graphene films-Markets, applications and current global market……………………………………. 127
  • Table 44: Graphene oxide flakes/graphene nanoplatelets-Markets, applications and current global market…………. 127
  • Table 45: Main production methods for graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 128
  • Table 46: Large area graphene films-Markets, applications and current global market……………………………………. 133
  • Table 47: Graphene market structure…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 140
  • Table 48: Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2018……………………………………………………………… 147
  • Table 49: Leading graphene patentees………………………………………………………………………………………………… 148
  • Table 50: Demand for graphene (tons), 2010-2030…………………………………………………………………………………. 152
  • Table 51: Graphene oxide production capacity by producer, 2010-2018………………………………………………………. 154
  • Table 52: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018………………………………………………… 154
  • Table 53: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by producer, 2010-2018…………………………………………………. 155
  • Table 54: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018…………………………………………………….. 156
  • Table 55: CVD graphene film capacity in tons by producer, 2010-2018/ 000s m2…………………………………………… 158
  • Table 56: Planned graphene production capacities…………………………………………………………………………………. 158
  • Table 57: Types of graphene and prices………………………………………………………………………………………………. 159
  • Table 58: Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer……………………………………………………………………………. 160
  • Table 59: Few-layer graphene pricing by producer…………………………………………………………………………………. 160
  • Table 60: Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer…………………………………………………………………………….. 161
  • Table 61: Reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer………………………………………………………………………….. 162
  • Table 62: Graphene quantum dots pricing by producer……………………………………………………………………………. 162
  • Table 63: Graphene oxide nanosheets pricing by producer………………………………………………………………………. 163
  • Table 64: Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer…………………………………………………………………………………. 163
  • Table 65: Market drivers for use of graphene in 3D printing………………………………………………………………………. 166
  • Table 66: Market overview for graphene in 3D printing…………………………………………………………………………….. 166
  • Table 67: Graphene properties relevant to application in 3D printing…………………………………………………………… 167
  • Table 68. Market and applications for graphene in 3D printing…………………………………………………………………… 168
  • Table 69: Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………… 171
  • Table 70: Companies in graphene 3D printing……………………………………………………………………………………….. 172
  • Table 71: Market drivers for use of graphene in adhesives……………………………………………………………………….. 174
  • Table 72: Market overview for graphene in adhesives……………………………………………………………………………… 175
  • Table 73: Graphene properties relevant to application in adhesives……………………………………………………………. 175
  • Table 74: Applications and benefits of graphene in adhesives…………………………………………………………………… 176
  • Table 75. Market and applications for graphene in adhesives……………………………………………………………………. 176
  • Table 76: Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………….. 180
  • Table 77: Companies in graphene adhesives………………………………………………………………………………………… 182
  • Table 78: Market drivers for use of graphene in aviation and aerospace………………………………………………………. 183
  • Table 79: Market overview for graphene in aerospace and aviation……………………………………………………………. 184
  • Table 80: Applications and benefits of graphene in aviation and aerospace………………………………………………….. 186
  • Table 81. Market and applications for graphene in aviation and aerospace………………………………………………….. 187
  • Table 82: Demand for graphene in aviation and aerospace (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………. 192
  • Table 83: 12.7       Companies in graphene aviation and aerospace…………………………………………………………… 193
  • Table 84: Market drivers for use of graphene in the automotive sector………………………………………………………… 194
  • Table 85: Market overview for graphene in automotive…………………………………………………………………………….. 195
  • Table 86: Applications and benefits of graphene in the automotive industry………………………………………………….. 198
  • Table 87. Market and applications for graphene in automotive…………………………………………………………………… 199
  • Table 88: Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………. 203
  • Table 89: Companies in graphene automotive……………………………………………………………………………………….. 205
  • Table 90: Properties of nanocoatings…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 206
  • Table 91: Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings…………………………………………………………………. 210
  • Table 92: Graphene properties relevant to application in coatings………………………………………………………………. 211
  • Table 93: Markets for nanocoatings…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 218
  • Table 94. Market and applications for graphene in thermal barrier coatings………………………………………………….. 220
  • Table 95. Market and applications for graphene in barrier coatings…………………………………………………………….. 223
  • Table 96. Market and applications for graphene in anti-micobial coatings…………………………………………………….. 226
  • Table 97. Market and applications for graphene in de-icing and anti-icing coatings………………………………………… 228
  • Table 98. Market and applications for graphene in abrasion and wear resistant coatings…………………………………. 231
  • Table 99. Market and applications for graphene in abnti-corrosion coatings………………………………………………….. 234
  • Table 100: Demand for graphene in coatings (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 238
  • Table 101: Companies in graphene paints and coatings…………………………………………………………………………… 240
  • Table 102: Market drivers for use of graphene in composites……………………………………………………………………. 242
  • Table 103: Market overview for graphene in composites………………………………………………………………………….. 244
  • Table 104: Graphene properties relevant to application in polymer composites……………………………………………… 244
  • Table 105: Applications and benefits of graphene in composites……………………………………………………………….. 245
  • Table 106. Market and applications for graphene in composites………………………………………………………………… 247
  • Table 107: Demand for graphene in composites (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………….. 252
  • Table 108: Companies in graphene composites…………………………………………………………………………………….. 254
  • Table 109: Market drivers for use of graphene in conductive films and wearable electronics…………………………….. 256
  • Table 110: Applications and benefits of graphene in flexible electronics and conductive films…………………………… 259
  • Table 111: Comparison of ITO replacements………………………………………………………………………………………… 260
  • Table 112: Market overview for graphene in conductive films……………………………………………………………………. 262
  • Table 113: Market overview for graphene in wearables……………………………………………………………………………. 266
  • Table 114: Graphene properties relevant to application in sensors……………………………………………………………… 267
  • Table 115. Market and applications for graphene in conductive films………………………………………………………….. 269
  • Table 116. Market and applications for graphene in wearable electronics…………………………………………………….. 271
  • Table 117: Global market for wearable electronics, 2015-2027, by application, billions $…………………………………. 276
  • Table 118: Demand for graphene in flexible electronics (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………… 276
  • Table 119: Companies in graphene-based electronics…………………………………………………………………………….. 280
  • Table 120: Market drivers for use of graphene in conductive inks………………………………………………………………. 281
  • Table 121: Market overview for graphene in conductive inks…………………………………………………………………….. 283
  • Table 122: Comparative properties of conductive inks…………………………………………………………………………….. 283
  • Table 123: Printable electronics products……………………………………………………………………………………………… 284
  • Table 124: Opportunities for advanced materials in printed electronics………………………………………………………… 286
  • Table 125: Applications in flexible and stretchable batteries, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof……………. 288
  • Table 126. Market and applications for graphene in conductive inks…………………………………………………………… 290
  • Table 127: Conductive inks in the flexible and stretchable electronics market 2017-2030 revenue forecast (million $), by ink types…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 294
  • Table 128: Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………… 295
  • Table 129: Companies in graphene conductive inks……………………………………………………………………………….. 297
  • Table 130: Market drivers for use of graphene in transistors, integrated circuits and other components………………. 298
  • Table 131: Market overview for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits……………………………………………… 299
  • Table 132: Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors……………………………………………………….. 301
  • Table 133: Applications and benefits of graphene in transistors, integrated circuits and other components………….. 302
  • Table 134. Market and applications for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits……………………………………. 303
  • Table 135: Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits (tons), 2018-2030……………………………….. 307
  • Table 136: Companies in graphene transistors and integrated circuits………………………………………………………… 310
  • Table 137: Market drivers for use of graphene in memory devices……………………………………………………………… 311
  • Table 138: Market overview for graphene in memory devices……………………………………………………………………. 312
  • Table 139. Market and applications for graphene in memory devices………………………………………………………….. 314
  • Table 140: Market size for graphene in memory devices………………………………………………………………………….. 317
  • Table 141: Demand for graphene in memory devices (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………… 318
  • Table 142: Applications and commercialization challenges for graphene in the memory devices market…………….. 319
  • Table 143: Companies in graphene memory devices………………………………………………………………………………. 319
  • Table 144: Market drivers for use of graphene in photonics………………………………………………………………………. 320
  • Table 145: Market overview for graphene in photonics…………………………………………………………………………….. 320
  • Table 146: Graphene properties relevant to application in optical modulators……………………………………………….. 322
  • Table 147: Applications and benefits of graphene in photonics………………………………………………………………….. 324
  • Table 148. Market and applications for graphene in photonics…………………………………………………………………… 324
  • Table 149: Market size for graphene in photonics…………………………………………………………………………………… 327
  • Table 150: Companies in graphene photonics……………………………………………………………………………………….. 329
  • Table 151: Market drivers for use of graphene in batteries……………………………………………………………………….. 331
  • Table 152: Market overview for graphene in batteries……………………………………………………………………………… 333
  • Table 153: Applications in flexible and stretchable batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof…………………… 336
  • Table 154. Market and applications for graphene in batteries……………………………………………………………………. 336
  • Table 155: Market size for graphene in batteries……………………………………………………………………………………. 340
  • Table 156: Potential addressable market for thin film, flexible and printed batteries………………………………………… 340
  • Table 157: Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 342
  • Table 158: Companies in graphene batteries………………………………………………………………………………………… 344
  • Table 159: Market drivers for use of graphene in supercapacitors………………………………………………………………. 346
  • Table 160: Market overview for graphene in supercapacitors……………………………………………………………………. 346
  • Table 161: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries………………………………. 348
  • Table 162: Applications and benefits of graphene in supercapacitors………………………………………………………….. 348
  • Table 163: Applications in flexible and stretchable supercapacitors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof…… 350
  • Table 164. Market and applications for graphene in supercapacitors…………………………………………………………… 350
  • Table 165: Market size for graphene in supercapacitors…………………………………………………………………………… 353
  • Table 166: Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………. 354
  • Table 167: Market challenges rating for graphene in the supercapacitors market…………………………………………… 356
  • Table 168: Companies in graphene supercapacitors……………………………………………………………………………….. 356
  • Table 169: Market drivers for use of graphene in photovoltaics………………………………………………………………….. 357
  • Table 170: Market overview for graphene in solar…………………………………………………………………………………… 358
  • Table 171. Market and applications for graphene in solar…………………………………………………………………………. 361
  • Table 172: Market size for graphene in photovoltaics………………………………………………………………………………. 364
  • Table 173: Potential addressable market for photovoltaics……………………………………………………………………….. 364
  • Table 174: Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………….. 365
  • Table 175: Companies in graphene solar……………………………………………………………………………………………… 367
  • Table 176: Market drivers for use of graphene in fuel cells and hydrogen storage………………………………………….. 367
  • Table 177: Market overview for graphene in fuel cells……………………………………………………………………………… 369
  • Table 178: Applications and benefits of graphene in fuel cells and hydrogen storage……………………………………… 370
  • Table 179. Market and applications for graphene in fuel cells……………………………………………………………………. 370
  • Table 180: Market size for graphene in fuel cells and hydrogen storage………………………………………………………. 373
  • Table 181: Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………….. 374
  • Table 182: Companies in graphene fuel cells………………………………………………………………………………………… 375
  • Table 183: Market drivers for use of graphene in LED lighting and UVC………………………………………………………. 376
  • Table 184: Market overview for graphene in lighting……………………………………………………………………………….. 377
  • Table 185: Applications of graphene in lighting………………………………………………………………………………………. 377
  • Table 186. Market and applications for graphene in lighting………………………………………………………………………. 378
  • Table 187: Market size for graphene in LED lighting……………………………………………………………………………….. 381
  • Table 188: Demand for graphene in lighting (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………….. 382
  • Table 189: Companies in graphene lighting…………………………………………………………………………………………… 383
  • Table 190: Market drivers for graphene in oil and gas……………………………………………………………………………… 384
  • Table 191: Market overview for graphene in oil and gas…………………………………………………………………………… 385
  • Table 192: Applications of graphene in the oil and gas market…………………………………………………………………… 386
  • Table 193. Market and applications for graphene in oil and gas…………………………………………………………………. 390
  • Table 194: Application markets, competing materials, graphene advantages and current market size in oil and gas. 393
  • Table 195: Market summary and revenues for graphene in the oil and gas market………………………………………… 393
  • Table 196: Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………….. 394
  • Table 197: Companies in graphene oil and gas applications……………………………………………………………………… 396
  • Table 198: Market drivers for use of graphene in filtration………………………………………………………………………… 397
  • Table 199: Market overview for graphene in filtration………………………………………………………………………………. 398
  • Table 200: Applications and benefits of graphene in filtration and separation………………………………………………… 399
  • Table 201. Market and applications for graphene in filtration…………………………………………………………………….. 401
  • Table 202: Market size for graphene in filtration……………………………………………………………………………………… 404
  • Table 203: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in the filtration and separation market………………………… 406
  • Table 204: Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………. 406
  • Table 205: Graphene companies in filtration………………………………………………………………………………………….. 407
  • Table 206: Market drivers for use of graphene in the life sciences and medical market…………………………………… 410
  • Table 207: Market overview for graphene in life sciences and biomedicine…………………………………………………… 412
  • Table 208: Graphene properties relevant to application in biomedicine and healthcare…………………………………… 412
  • Table 209: Applications and benefits of graphene in life sciences and medical……………………………………………… 413
  • Table 210. Market and applications for graphene in cancer therapy……………………………………………………………. 415
  • Table 211. Market and applications for graphene in medical implants and devices…………………………………………. 419
  • Table 212. Market and applications for graphene in wound dressings…………………………………………………………. 421
  • Table 213. Market and applications for graphene in biosensors…………………………………………………………………. 422
  • Table 214. Market and applications for graphene in medical imaging………………………………………………………….. 424
  • Table 215. Market and applications for graphene in tissue engineering……………………………………………………….. 425
  • Table 216. Market and applications for graphene in dental……………………………………………………………………….. 426
  • Table 217. Market and applications for graphene in wearable and mobile health monitoring…………………………….. 427
  • Table 218: Applications in flexible and stretchable health monitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof. 430
  • Table 219: Market size for graphene in biomedical and healthcare…………………………………………………………….. 435
  • Table 220: Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………….. 437
  • Table 221: Market challenges in graphene in biomedicine and healthcare……………………………………………………. 439
  • Table 222: Companies in graphene life sciences and biomedicine……………………………………………………………… 440
  • Table 223: Market drivers for use of graphene in lubricants………………………………………………………………………. 440
  • Table 224: Market overview for graphene in lubricants…………………………………………………………………………….. 441
  • Table 225: Applications of graphene in the lubricants market……………………………………………………………………. 442
  • Table 226: Applications of carbon nanomaterials in lubricants…………………………………………………………………… 442
  • Table 227. Market and applications for graphene in lubricants…………………………………………………………………… 443
  • Table 228: Market size for graphene in lubricants…………………………………………………………………………………… 444
  • Table 229: Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………. 445
  • Table 230: Market challenges rating for graphene in the lubricants market…………………………………………………… 446
  • Table 231: Companies in graphene lubricants……………………………………………………………………………………….. 446
  • Table 232: Market drivers for use of graphene in rubber and tires………………………………………………………………. 447
  • Table 233: Market overview for graphene in rubber and tires…………………………………………………………………….. 447
  • Table 234: Applications of graphene in rubber and tires…………………………………………………………………………… 448
  • Table 235. Market and applications for graphene in rubber and tires…………………………………………………………… 448
  • Table 236: Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………. 450
  • Table 237: Market challenges for graphene in rubber and tires………………………………………………………………….. 451
  • Table 238: Companies in rubber and tires…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 452
  • Table 239: Market drivers for use of graphene in sensors………………………………………………………………………… 453
  • Table 240: Market overview for graphene in sensors………………………………………………………………………………. 454
  • Table 241: Applications and benefits of graphene in sensors…………………………………………………………………….. 455
  • Table 242: Graphene properties relevant to application in sensors……………………………………………………………… 456
  • Table 243: Comparison of ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and graphene biosensor…………………… 459
  • Table 244. Market and applications for graphene in sensors…………………………………………………………………….. 460
  • Table 245: Market size for graphene in sensors……………………………………………………………………………………… 461
  • Table 246: Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………. 463
  • Table 247: Market challenges rating for graphene in the sensors market……………………………………………………… 465
  • Table 248: Companies in graphene sensors………………………………………………………………………………………….. 465
  • Table 249: Types of smart textiles………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 467
  • Table 250: Smart textile products……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 467
  • Table 251: Market drivers for use of graphene in smart textiles and apparel…………………………………………………. 468
  • Table 252: Market overview for graphene in smart textiles and apparel……………………………………………………….. 470
  • Table 253: Nanocoatings applied in the textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 470
  • Table 254: Desirable functional properties for the textiles industry afforded by the use of nanomaterials…………….. 472
  • Table 255: Applications and benefits of graphene in textiles and apparel…………………………………………………….. 474
  • Table 256. Market and applications for graphene in smart textiles and apparel……………………………………………… 477
  • Table 257: Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………….. 480
  • Table 258: Market impediments for graphene in textiles…………………………………………………………………………… 481
  • Table 259: Market challenges for graphene in textiles and apparel…………………………………………………………….. 481
  • Table 260: Graphene companies in smart textiles and apparel………………………………………………………………….. 481
  • Table 261: Market drivers for use of graphene in construction…………………………………………………………………… 483
  • Table 262: Market overview for graphene in construction…………………………………………………………………………. 484
  • Table 263. Market and applications for graphene in construction……………………………………………………………….. 484
  • Table 264: Potential addressable market for graphene in the cement market……………………………………………….. 486
  • Table 265: Demand for graphene in cement (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………. 486
  • Table 266: Graphene Companies in construction……………………………………………………………………………………. 487
  • Table 267: Graphene producers and types produced………………………………………………………………………………. 488
  • Table 268: Graphene producers target market matrix……………………………………………………………………………… 491
  • Table 269: Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets………………………………….. 494
  • Table 270: Graphene product developers and end users target market matrix………………………………………………. 498

 

Figures

  • Figure 1: Demand for graphene, by market, 2018. Figures based on market graphene producers sell to, including samples……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
  • Figure 2: Demand for graphene, 2010-2030……………………………………………………………………………………………. 46
  • Figure 3: Vittoria bike tires incorporating graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 47
  • Figure 4: Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2018…………………………………………………………………………. 64
  • Figure 5: Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2030…………………………………………………………………………. 65
  • Figure 6: Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2018…………………………………………………………………. 65
  • Figure 7: Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2030…………………………………………………………………. 66
  • Figure 8: Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2018……………………………………………………………… 68
  • Figure 9: Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2030……………………………………………………………… 69
  • Figure 10: Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2018……………………………………………………………………… 70
  • Figure 11: Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2030……………………………………………………………………… 71
  • Figure 12: Graphene layer structure schematic……………………………………………………………………………………….. 72
  • Figure 13: Graphite and graphene………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 72
  • Figure 14: Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene. …………………………………………………… 73
  • Figure 15: Graphene can be rolled up into a carbon nanotube, wrapped into a fullerene, and stacked into graphite… 75
  • Figure 16: Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4)………………………………………………………………………… 80
  • Figure 17. Graphene quantum dots………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 81
  • Figure 18. Schematic of GQD functionalization……………………………………………………………………………………….. 83
  • Figure 19. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for Graphene Quantum Dots………………………………………………….. 90
  • Figure 20. Production of Graphene Quantum Dots…………………………………………………………………………………… 91
  • Figure 21. Graphene Quantum Dot + Silica based Inorganic Composite Material under UV light………………………… 93
  • Figure 22. Graphene Quantum Dot + Silica based Inorganic Composite Material under room light……………………… 94
  • Figure 23: Schematic of 2-D materials…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 97
  • Figure 24: Borophene schematic………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 99
  • Figure 25: Black phosphorus structure…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 100
  • Figure 26: Black Phosphorus crystal……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 100
  • Figure 27: Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation… 102
  • Figure 28: Graphitic carbon nitride………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 105
  • Figure 29: Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal. Credit: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology………………………………………………………………………….. 105
  • Figure 30: Schematic of germanene……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 107
  • Figure 31: Graphdiyne structure…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 108
  • Figure 32: Schematic of Graphane crystal…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 110
  • Figure 33: Structure of hexagonal boron nitride……………………………………………………………………………………… 112
  • Figure 34: BN nanosheet textiles application…………………………………………………………………………………………. 113
  • Figure 35: Structure of 2D molybdenum disulfide……………………………………………………………………………………. 114
  • Figure 36: SEM image of MoS2………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 115
  • Figure 37: Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor………………………………….. 116
  • Figure 38: Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 116
  • Figure 39: Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulfide………………………………………………………………………… 118
  • Figure 40: Silicene structure………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 119
  • Figure 41: Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate…………………………………………………………………………. 119
  • Figure 42: Silicene transistor……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 120
  • Figure 43: Crystal structure for stanene……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 121
  • Figure 44: Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111)………………………………………………………… 122
  • Figure 45: Schematic of tungsten diselenide…………………………………………………………………………………………. 123
  • Figure 46: Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe)…………………………………………………………………………………….. 125
  • Figure 47: Fabrication methods of graphene…………………………………………………………………………………………. 129
  • Figure 48: TEM micrographs of: A) HR-CNFs; B) GANF® HR-CNF, it can be observed its high graphitic structure; C) Unraveled ribbon from the HR-CNF; D) Detail of the ribbon; E) Scheme of the structure of the HR-CNFs; F) Large single graphene oxide sheets derived from GANF……………………………………………………………………………. 130
  • Figure 49: Graphene nanoribbons grown on germanium………………………………………………………………………….. 132
  • Figure 50: Schematic illustration of the main graphene production techniques………………………………………………. 134
  • Figure 51: Graphene synthesis-CVD technique……………………………………………………………………………………… 135
  • Figure 52: (a) Graphene powder production line in The Sixth Element Materials Technology Co. Ltd. (b) Graphene film production line of Wuxi Graphene Films Co. Ltd………………………………………………………………………………. 136
  • Figure 53: Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG……………………….. 138
  • Figure 54: Schematic of typical commercialization route for graphene producer…………………………………………….. 140
  • Figure 55: Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2018…………………………………………………………….. 148
  • Figure 56: Roadmap for graphene applications……………………………………………………………………………………… 151
  • Figure 57: Demand for graphene, 2010-2030………………………………………………………………………………………… 153
  • Figure 58: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018……………………………………………….. 155
  • Figure 59: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018…………………………………………………… 157
  • Figure 60: CVD Graphene on Cu Foil………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 157
  • Figure 61: 3D Printed tweezers incorporating Carbon Nanotube Filament……………………………………………………. 167
  • Figure 62: Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………….. 172
  • Figure 63: Graphene Adhesives…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 175
  • Figure 64: Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………. 181
  • Figure 65: Graphene aircraft……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 185
  • Figure 66: Graphene enhanced aircraft cargo container…………………………………………………………………………… 185
  • Figure 67: Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………. 193
  • Figure 68: Graphene-based automotive components………………………………………………………………………………. 197
  • Figure 69: Supercar incorporating graphene………………………………………………………………………………………….. 197
  • Figure 70: Antistatic graphene tire………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 198
  • Figure 71: Demand for graphene in automotive(tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………. 204
  • Figure 72: Heat transfer coating developed at MIT………………………………………………………………………………….. 211
  • Figure 73: Water permeation through a brick without (left) and with (right) “graphene paint” coating…………………… 215
  • Figure 74: Four layers of graphene oxide coatings on polycarbonate………………………………………………………….. 217
  • Figure 75: Graphene-enhanced anti-corrosion aerosols under their Hycote brand…………………………………………. 234
  • Figure 76: Demand for graphene in coatings (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………. 239
  • Figure 77: Demand for graphene in composites (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………….. 253
  • Figure 78: Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application…………………………………………………………….. 258
  • Figure 79: Flexible graphene touch screen……………………………………………………………………………………………. 258
  • Figure 80: Galapad Settler smartphone………………………………………………………………………………………………… 259
  • Figure 81: Flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) using graphene electrode………………………………………….. 260
  • Figure 82: Graphene electrochromic devices. Top left: Exploded-view illustration of the graphene electrochromic device. The device is formed by attaching two graphene-coated PVC substrates face-to-face and filling the gap with a liquid ionic electrolyte………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 261
  • Figure 83: Flexible mobile phones with graphene transparent conductive film……………………………………………….. 262
  • Figure 84: Foldable graphene E-paper…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 263
  • Figure 85: Wearable gas sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 268
  • Figure 86: Global market for wearable electronics, 2015-2027, by application, billions $………………………………….. 276
  • Figure 87: Demand for graphene in conductive films and wearable electronics (tons), 2018-2030……………………… 277
  • Figure 88: Global transparent conductive electrodes market forecast by materials type, 2012-2027, millions $…….. 278
  • Figure 89: Schematic of the wet roll-to-roll graphene transfer from copper foils to polymeric substrates……………… 279
  • Figure 90: The transmittance of glass/ITO, glass/ITO/four organic layers, and glass/ITO/four organic layers/4-layer graphene………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 280
  • Figure 91: BGT Materials graphene ink product……………………………………………………………………………………… 284
  • Figure 92: Printed graphene conductive ink…………………………………………………………………………………………… 285
  • Figure 93: Flexible RFID tag………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 286
  • Figure 94: Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink…………………………………………………………………………… 287
  • Figure 95: Enfucell Printed Battery……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 289
  • Figure 96: Graphene printed antenna………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 289
  • Figure 97: Printed antennas for aircraft………………………………………………………………………………………………… 290
  • Figure 98: Conductive inks in the flexible and stretchable electronics market 2017-2030 revenue forecast (million $), by ink types…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 294
  • Figure 99: Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………. 296
  • Figure 100: Graphene IC in wafer tester………………………………………………………………………………………………. 300
  • Figure 101: A monolayer WS2-based flexible transistor array……………………………………………………………………. 300
  • Figure 102: Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 301
  • Figure 103: Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits (tons), 2018-2030………………………………. 308
  • Figure 104: Graphene oxide-based RRAm device on a flexible substrate…………………………………………………….. 312
  • Figure 105: Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random access memory (RRAM)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 313
  • Figure 106: A schematic diagram for the mechanism of the resistive switching in metal/GO/Pt…………………………. 313
  • Figure 107: Carbon nanotubes NRAM chip…………………………………………………………………………………………… 314
  • Figure 108: Stretchable SWCNT memory and logic devices for wearable electronics……………………………………… 314
  • Figure 109: Potential addressable market for graphene in the memory devices market…………………………………… 318
  • Figure 110: Demand for graphene in memory devices (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………….. 319
  • Figure 111: Hybrid graphene phototransistors……………………………………………………………………………………….. 322
  • Figure 112: Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors……………………………………………….. 323
  • Figure 113: Flexible PEN coated with graphene and a QD thin film (20nm) is highly visibly transparent and photosensitive………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 323
  • Figure 114: The SkelStart Engine Start Module 2.0 based on the graphene-based SkelCap ultracapacitors………… 330
  • Figure 115: Energy harvesting textile…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 333
  • Figure 116: H600 concept car……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 339
  • Figure 117: Anion concept car……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 340
  • Figure 118: Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………….. 343
  • Figure 119: Skeleton Technologies ultracapacitor…………………………………………………………………………………… 347
  • Figure 120: Zapgo supercapacitor phone charger…………………………………………………………………………………… 349
  • Figure 121: Stretchable graphene supercapacitor…………………………………………………………………………………… 349
  • Figure 122: Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………… 355
  • Figure 123: Solar cell with nanowires and graphene electrode…………………………………………………………………… 359
  • Figure 124: Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper……………………………………………………………………………….. 360
  • Figure 125: Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………. 366
  • Figure 126: Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………. 375
  • Figure 127: LG OLED flexible lighting panel………………………………………………………………………………………….. 378
  • Figure 128: Flexible OLED incorporated into automotive headlight……………………………………………………………… 378
  • Figure 129: Demand for graphene in lighting (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………. 383
  • Figure 130: Schematic of boron doped graphene for application in gas sensors……………………………………………. 387
  • Figure 131: Directa Plus Grafysorber…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 389
  • Figure 132: Nanometer-scale pores in single-layer freestanding graphene membrane can effectively filter NaCl salt from water……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 390
  • Figure 133: Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………. 395
  • Figure 134: Graphene filtration membrane……………………………………………………………………………………………. 400
  • Figure 135: Degradation of organic dye molecules by graphene hybrid composite photocatalysts……………………… 401
  • Figure 136: Graphene anti-smog mask………………………………………………………………………………………………… 401
  • Figure 137: Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 407
  • Figure 138: Graphene Frontiers’ Six™ chemical sensors consists of a field effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel. Receptor molecules, such as DNA, are attached directly to the graphene channel………………………. 423
  • Figure 139: Graphene-Oxide based chip prototypes for biopsy-free early cancer diagnosis……………………………… 424
  • Figure 140: Connected human body……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 428
  • Figure 141: Flexible, lightweight temperature sensor……………………………………………………………………………….. 429
  • Figure 142: Graphene-based E-skin patch……………………………………………………………………………………………. 430
  • Figure 143: Smart e-skin system comprising health-monitoring sensors, displays, and ultra flexible PLEDs…………. 431
  • Figure 144: Graphene medical patch…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 432
  • Figure 145: TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer…………………………………………………………………………… 433
  • Figure 146: Mimo baby monitor………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 433
  • Figure 147: Nanowire skin hydration patch……………………………………………………………………………………………. 433
  • Figure 148: Wearable sweat sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 434
  • Figure 149: GraphWear wearable sweat sensor…………………………………………………………………………………….. 434
  • Figure 150: Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………. 438
  • Figure 151: Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………… 445
  • Figure 152: Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………… 451
  • Figure 153: GFET sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 457
  • Figure 154: First generation point of care diagnostics……………………………………………………………………………… 458
  • Figure 155: Graphene Field Effect Transistor Schematic………………………………………………………………………….. 459
  • Figure 156: Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 464
  • Figure 157: Colmar graphene ski jacket……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 475
  • Figure 158: Conductive yarns…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 475
  • Figure 159: Graphene-enhanced ski garments………………………………………………………………………………………. 476
  • Figure 160: Inov-8 graphene shoes…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 476
  • Figure 161: Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………. 480
  • Figure 162: Demand for graphene in cement (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 486
  • Figure 163: Graphene flake products…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 506
  • Figure 164: Prototype of Graphene-integrated UF filter cartridge……………………………………………………………….. 591