- Published: August 2024
- Pages: 375
- Tables: 57
- Figures: 34
The ADAS sensors market is experiencing rapid growth driven by increasing demand for vehicle safety features, stringent regulations, and the push towards autonomous driving. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) use a combination of sensors, cameras, and other technologies to gather information about the vehicle's surroundings and provide assistance to the driver. ADAS features can range from basic functionalities like cruise control to more advanced capabilities such as lane keeping assist, automatic emergency braking, and adaptive cruise control. This comprehensive market report provides an in-depth analysis of the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) sensors market, projecting trends and growth from 2025 to 2035. As vehicles become increasingly autonomous and safety regulations tighten globally, ADAS sensors are playing a crucial role in shaping the future of automotive technology.
Report contents include:
- Detailed market size projections for ADAS sensors, broken down by sensor type, units, and regional markets from 2024 to 2035.
- In-depth examination of key ADAS sensor technologies including cameras, radar, LiDAR, ultrasonic sensors, and infrared sensors, as well as emerging technologies like event-based vision and quantum dot optical sensors.
- Competitive Landscape: Analysis of global Tier-1 suppliers, market share data for various sensor types, and profiles of over 80 key players in the ADAS ecosystem. Companies profiled include Acconeer, Aeva, AEye, AMS Osram, Aptiv, Arbe, AutoX, Baidu, Beijing Surestar Technology, Benewake, Bosch, Cepton, Continental AG, Cruise, DeepWay, Denso Corporation, Derq, Emberion, Emotion3D, Eyeris, Greenerwave, Hella, Hesai Technology, Hikvision, Huawei, Hyundai Mobis, Inceptio Technology, Innoviz Technologies, Kognic, Koito Manufacturing, LeddarTech, Leishen Intelligent System Co., Ltd, LG Innotek, Lidwave, Livox, Lumentum Operations LLC, Luminar Technologies, Lumotive, Lunewave, Magna, Melexis, Mitsubishi Electric, Mobileye, Nodar, NXP, Ommatidia LiDAR, OmniVision, Onsemi, OQmented, Ouster, Owl Autonomous Imaging, Plastic Omnium, plus.ai, Pontosense, Pony.ai, PreAct, Qualcomm, Renesas Electronics Corporation, RoboSense, Seeing Machines, Sensrad, 7invensu, Seyond, SenseTime, SiLC Technologies, Smart Radar System, Spartan Radar, Steerlight, Tanway, Terabee, Texas Instruments, Tobii, Uhnder, Valeo, Vayyar, Velodyne, Veoneer, Visteon, Volvo, Voyant Photonics, Vueron, Waymo, XenomatiX, XPeng Motors, Zadar Labs, Zendar, ZF Friedrichshafen AG and Zvision.
- Overview of global ADAS-related regulations and their influence on market growth and technology adoption.
- Insights into potential disruptive technologies, the impact of autonomous vehicle development on the ADAS market, and long-term growth projections.
- Market segmentation analysis by sensor type, including:
- Cameras: Front-facing, surround-view, driver monitoring, and infrared cameras
- Radar: Short-range, long-range, and imaging radar systems
- LiDAR: Mechanical, solid-state, and MEMS-based LiDAR technologies
- Ultrasonic Sensors: For parking assistance and short-range object detection
- Infrared Sensors: For enhanced night vision and pedestrian detection
- Market restraints such as high costs of advanced ADAS systems, technical challenges in sensor reliability, and cybersecurity concerns.
- Technology Trends and Innovations including:
- Cameras: Developments in high-resolution sensors, wide dynamic range capabilities, and AI-enhanced image processing.
- Radar: Evolution of 4D imaging radar, high-resolution radar, and software-defined radar systems
- LiDAR: Innovations in solid-state LiDAR, MEMS-based LiDAR, and FMCW LiDAR, along with cost reduction strategies
- Sensor Fusion: Advancements in multi-sensor data fusion algorithms, edge computing, and AI-driven sensor fusion techniques
- ADAS Controllers: Trends in high-performance computing platforms, domain controllers, and zonal architecture
- Competitive Landscape analysis including:
- Global Tier-1 market share analysis
- Market share data for specific sensor types (e.g., front cameras, LiDAR, radar)
- Analysis of major Tier-1 suppliers and their strategies
- Global regulatory environment for ADAS technologies.
Key Questions Addressed:
- What is the projected market size for ADAS sensors by 2035?
- Which sensor technologies are expected to see the highest growth rates?
- How will regulatory requirements drive ADAS sensor adoption in different regions?
- What are the key challenges facing ADAS sensor manufacturers?
- How will the shift towards autonomous vehicles impact the ADAS sensors market?
- Which companies are leading in different sensor categories, and what are their market shares?
- What emerging technologies could disrupt the current ADAS sensor landscape?
Who should be interested in this report?
- Automotive OEMs and Tier-1 suppliers
- ADAS sensor manufacturers
- Semiconductor companies
- Autonomous vehicle technology developers
- Investment firms and financial analysts
- Regulatory bodies and policymakers
- Automotive industry consultants and researchers
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 15
- 1.1 Autonomous driving technologies 16
- 1.2 Sensors for ADAS and Autonomous Technologies 20
- 1.3 Successful ADAS Implementation in Mass-Market Vehicles 22
- 1.4 Challenges Faced by OEMs in ADAS Integration 23
- 1.5 Innovative ADAS Solutions in Premium Vehicles 24
- 1.6 ADAS Performance in Real-World Conditions 25
- 1.7 Market Drivers 26
- 1.7.1 Safety Regulations and NCAP Requirements 28
- 1.7.2 Consumer Demand for Advanced Safety Features 29
- 1.7.3 Progress Towards Vehicle Autonomy 30
- 1.7.4 Cost Reductions in Sensor Technologies 31
- 1.8 Market Restraints 32
- 1.8.1 High Costs of Advanced ADAS Systems 33
- 1.8.2 Technical Challenges in Sensor Reliability 34
- 1.8.3 Consumer Trust and Acceptance Issues 35
- 1.8.4 Cybersecurity Concerns 36
- 1.9 Market Opportunities 36
- 1.9.1 Integration of ADAS with V2X Technologies 37
- 1.9.2 Aftermarket ADAS Solutions 38
- 1.9.3 ADAS in Commercial Vehicles and Fleets 39
- 1.9.4 Emerging Markets for ADAS Technologies 40
- 1.10 Market Challenges 41
- 1.11 Competitive landscape 43
- 1.11.1 Competitive Positioning of Key Players 44
- 1.11.2 Investment Trends in ADAS Technologies 44
2 INTRODUCTION 47
- 2.1 Autonomous driving 48
- 2.1.1 Overview 49
- 2.1.2 Sensor fusion 50
- 2.1.2.1 ADAS/AV 51
- 2.1.2.2 Trends 51
- 2.1.2.3 Hybrid AI 53
- 2.1.2.4 Pure vision vs lidar sensor fusion 54
- 2.1.3 Optical 3D sensing 55
- 2.1.4 Multi-camera 56
- 2.1.5 Radar and lidar 58
- 2.2 Passive and Active Sensors 60
- 2.3 Overview of ADAS Sensors and Controllers 61
- 2.3.1 ADAS Features 62
- 2.4 ADAS functions 64
- 2.5 Importance of ADAS in Modern Vehicles 65
- 2.6 Key Players in the ADAS Supply Chain 66
3 MARKET OVERVIEW 67
- 3.1 Global ADAS Market Size and Growth 68
- 3.1.1 By type 68
- 3.2 Regional ADAS Adoption Trends 69
- 3.3 Regulatory Landscape Driving ADAS Adoption 71
- 3.4 Impact of Autonomous Vehicle Development on ADAS Market 73
4 ADAS SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES 74
- 4.1 Overview of Key ADAS Sensor Types 75
- 4.1.1 Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles 75
- 4.1.1.1 Number of sensors 76
- 4.1.1.2 Cost 77
- 4.1.1.3 V2X, 5G, advanced digital mapping, and GPS in autonomous driving 78
- 4.1.2 Cameras 80
- 4.1.2.1 External Cameras 80
- 4.1.2.2 Internal Cameras 82
- 4.1.2.3 Front camera 84
- 4.1.2.4 RGB/Visible light camera 85
- 4.1.2.5 CMOS image sensors vs CCD cameras 88
- 4.1.2.6 Driver Monitoring Systems (DMS) and Occupant Monitoring Systems (OMS) 90
- 4.1.2.6.1 Overview 90
- 4.1.2.6.2 2D Cameras 93
- 4.1.2.6.3 3D Cameras 94
- 4.1.2.6.4 ToF Cameras 95
- 4.1.2.6.5 Occupant Monitoring System (OMS) Cameras 97
- 4.1.2.6.6 NIR/IR Imaging 99
- 4.1.2.6.6.1 IR cameras/sensors 99
- 4.1.2.6.6.2 Infrared (IR) in DMS 100
- 4.1.2.6.6.3 VCSEL 101
- 4.1.2.6.7 Eye Movement Tracking 103
- 4.1.2.6.8 Brain Function Monitoring 104
- 4.1.2.6.9 Cardiovascular Metrics 105
- 4.1.2.7 E-mirrors 106
- 4.1.2.8 Thermal cameras 107
- 4.1.2.8.1 Thermal Cameras in Autonomous Vehicles 107
- 4.1.2.8.2 NIR 108
- 4.1.2.8.3 SWIR 109
- 4.1.2.9 Companies 110
- 4.1.3 Radar 112
- 4.1.3.1 Radar in Autonomous Vehicles 113
- 4.1.3.2 Front Radar 116
- 4.1.3.3 Side Radars 118
- 4.1.3.4 Components 119
- 4.1.3.5 Radar trends 121
- 4.1.3.6 In-Cabin Radars 123
- 4.1.3.7 4D Radars and Imaging Radars 124
- 4.1.3.8 Transceivers 128
- 4.1.3.9 Companies 130
- 4.1.4 LiDAR 134
- 4.1.4.1 Automotive LiDAR 135
- 4.1.4.1.1 Operating process 135
- 4.1.4.1.2 Requirements 136
- 4.1.4.2 LiDAR systems 138
- 4.1.4.3 2D vs 3D lidar 140
- 4.1.4.4 Ranging and photodetection 141
- 4.1.4.4.1 Direct TOF 141
- 4.1.4.4.2 Indirect TOF 142
- 4.1.4.4.3 Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) 142
- 4.1.4.5 Beam steering 144
- 4.1.4.5.1 Mechanical Lidar 145
- 4.1.4.5.2 MEMS Lidar 146
- 4.1.4.5.3 Flash lidar 147
- 4.1.4.5.4 Others 149
- 4.1.4.5.4.1 Spectral deflection 149
- 4.1.4.5.4.2 Micro-motion technology 150
- 4.1.4.5.4.3 Liquid crystal lidar 151
- 4.1.4.5.4.4 Metamaterials 152
- 4.1.4.5.4.5 GLV-based beam steering 156
- 4.1.4.6 Lasers 157
- 4.1.4.6.1 IR emitters 158
- 4.1.4.6.2 Edge-emitting lasers (EEL) 158
- 4.1.4.6.3 Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) 160
- 4.1.4.6.4 External cavity & quantum cascade lasers (QCL) 161
- 4.1.4.6.5 Fiber lasers 163
- 4.1.4.6.6 Diode-pumped solid-state lasers (DPSSL) 164
- 4.1.4.7 Receivers 166
- 4.1.4.8 Signal and data analysis/processing 167
- 4.1.4.9 Companies 169
- 4.1.1 Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles 75
- 4.2 ADAS Controllers and ECUs 175
- 4.2.1 Role of ADAS Controllers and ECUs in Autonomous Driving 175
- 4.2.2 ADAS Controllers: Functions and Technologies 176
- 4.2.2.1 Core Functions of ADAS Controllers 176
- 4.2.2.2 Key Technologies in ADAS Controllers 177
- 4.2.2.3 ADAS Controller Architectures 177
- 4.2.2.4 Types of ECUs in Autonomous Vehicles 178
- 4.2.3 Thermal Management 179
- 4.2.4 Challenges in ADAS Controllers and ECUs for Autonomous Driving 180
- 4.2.5 Future Trends and Developments 181
- 4.2.5.1 Advanced AI and Machine Learning 181
- 4.2.5.2 Edge Computing and Distributed Intelligence 182
- 4.2.5.3 Software-Defined Vehicles 183
- 4.2.5.4 Integration of V2X Communication 184
- 4.3 Sensor Fusion Technologies 187
- 4.4 Emerging Sensor Technologies 189
- 4.4.1 Event-based Vision 189
- 4.4.2 Quantum Dot Optical Sensors 191
- 4.4.3 Hyperspectral Imaging 192
5 KEY MARKET PLAYERS AND MARKET SHARE 194
- 5.1 Global Tier-1 Market Share Analysis 194
- 5.2 Overall ADAS Sensor Market Share 195
- 5.2.1 Top 10 Tier-1 Suppliers by Revenue 196
- 5.2.2 Market Share Trends (2021-2023) 198
- 5.2.3 Regional Market Share Variations 199
- 5.3 Front Camera Market Share 200
- 5.3.1 Leading Suppliers and Their Market Positions 200
- 5.3.2 Technology Differentiators Among Top Players 201
- 5.3.3 OEM Partnerships and Supply Agreements 202
- 5.4 Driver Monitoring Systems (DMS) / Occupant Monitoring Systems (OMS) Market Share 203
- 5.4.1 Key Players in the DMS/OMS Space 203
- 5.5 Technological Advancements Driving Market Growth 205
- 5.6 Regulatory Impacts on DMS/OMS Adoption 207
- 5.7 LiDAR Market Share 208
- 5.7.1 Current Market Leaders in Automotive LiDAR 208
- 5.7.2 Emerging Players and Disruptive Technologies 210
- 5.7.3 LiDAR Adoption Trends Among OEMs 212
- 5.8 Radar Market Share 214
- 5.8.1 Dominant Players in Automotive Radar 215
- 5.8.2 Imaging Radar vs. Traditional Radar Market Dynamics 218
- 5.8.3 Frequency Trends (24GHz, 77GHz, 79GHz) 220
- 5.9 Other ADAS Sensors Market Share 221
- 5.9.1 Ultrasonic Sensors 221
- 5.9.2 Infrared Sensors 223
- 5.9.3 GNSS and IMU Suppliers 224
- 5.10 ADAS Controllers and ECUs Market Share 225
- 5.10.1 Leading Suppliers of ADAS Computing Platforms 225
- 5.10.2 Trends in Centralized vs. Distributed ADAS Architectures 225
- 5.11 Analysis of Major Tier-1 Suppliers 227
6 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND INNOVATIONS 229
- 6.1 Advancements in Camera Technology 229
- 6.1.1 High-Resolution Sensors 230
- 6.1.2 Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) Capabilities 231
- 6.1.3 Low-Light Performance Improvements 233
- 6.1.4 AI-Enhanced Image Processing 233
- 6.2 Radar Technology Evolution 234
- 6.2.1 4D Imaging Radar 234
- 6.2.2 High-Resolution Radar 235
- 6.2.3 Software-Defined Radar 237
- 6.3 LiDAR Innovations 239
- 6.3.1 Solid-State LiDAR 239
- 6.3.2 MEMS-based LiDAR 240
- 6.3.3 FMCW LiDAR 242
- 6.3.4 Cost Reduction Strategies 244
- 6.4 Sensor Fusion Advancements 244
- 6.4.1 Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Algorithms 246
- 6.4.2 Edge Computing for Sensor Fusion 246
- 6.4.3 AI and Machine Learning in Sensor Fusion 248
- 6.5 ADAS Controller Innovations 248
- 6.5.1 High-Performance Computing Platforms 248
- 6.5.2 Domain Controllers 250
- 6.5.3 Zonal Architecture Trends 250
7 FUTURE OUTLOOK AND MARKET FORECASTS 252
- 7.1 Market Forecast (2024-2035) 252
- 7.1.1 Market Size Projections 254
- 7.1.1.1 By Sensor Type 254
- 7.1.1.2 By Units 256
- 7.1.1.2.1 Cameras 256
- 7.1.1.2.2 Radar 257
- 7.1.1.2.3 LiDAR 259
- 7.1.2 Regional Growth Forecasts 261
- 7.1.3 Expected Technology Adoption Rates 263
- 7.1.1 Market Size Projections 254
- 7.2 Impact of Autonomous Vehicle Development on ADAS Market 264
- 7.3 Potential Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact 265
8 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 266
- 8.1 Global ADAS-Related Regulations 266
- 8.2 Regional Variations in ADAS Requirements 269
- 8.3 Future Regulatory Trends and Their Impact on the Market 271
9 COMPANY PROFILES 273
- 9.1 Acconeer 276
- 9.2 Aeva 278
- 9.3 AEye 279
- 9.4 AMS Osram 281
- 9.5 Aptiv 282
- 9.6 Arbe 283
- 9.7 AutoX 284
- 9.8 Baidu 285
- 9.9 Beijing Surestar Technology 286
- 9.10 Benewake 287
- 9.11 Bosch 288
- 9.12 Cepton 290
- 9.13 Continental AG 292
- 9.14 Cruise 293
- 9.15 DeepWay 295
- 9.16 Denso Corporation 296
- 9.17 Derq 297
- 9.18 Emberion 298
- 9.19 Emotion3D 299
- 9.20 Eyeris 301
- 9.21 Greenerwave 302
- 9.22 Hella 303
- 9.23 Hesai Technology 305
- 9.24 Hikvision 306
- 9.25 Huawei 307
- 9.26 Hyundai Mobis 308
- 9.27 Inceptio Technology 309
- 9.28 Innoviz Technologies 309
- 9.29 Kognic 311
- 9.30 Koito Manufacturing 312
- 9.31 LeddarTech 313
- 9.32 Leishen Intelligent System Co., Ltd 315
- 9.33 LG Innotek 316
- 9.34 Lidwave 317
- 9.35 Livox 318
- 9.36 Lumentum Operations LLC 319
- 9.37 Luminar Technologies 320
- 9.38 Lumotive 321
- 9.39 Lunewave 322
- 9.40 Magna 324
- 9.41 Melexis 325
- 9.42 Mitsubishi Electric 327
- 9.43 Mobileye 328
- 9.44 Nodar 329
- 9.45 NXP 330
- 9.46 Ommatidia LiDAR 331
- 9.47 OmniVision 332
- 9.48 Onsemi 333
- 9.49 OQmented 334
- 9.50 Ouster 334
- 9.51 Owl Autonomous Imaging 335
- 9.52 Plastic Omnium 336
- 9.53 plus.ai 337
- 9.54 Pontosense 338
- 9.55 Pony.ai 339
- 9.56 PreAct 340
- 9.57 Qualcomm 341
- 9.58 Renesas Electronics Corporation 341
- 9.59 RoboSense 342
- 9.60 Seeing Machines 343
- 9.61 Sensrad 344
- 9.62 7invensu 344
- 9.63 Seyond 345
- 9.64 SenseTime 346
- 9.65 SiLC Technologies 347
- 9.66 Smart Radar System 347
- 9.67 Spartan Radar 348
- 9.68 Steerlight 349
- 9.69 Tanway 350
- 9.70 Terabee 351
- 9.71 Texas Instruments 352
- 9.72 Tobii 353
- 9.73 Uhnder 354
- 9.74 Valeo 355
- 9.75 Vayyar 356
- 9.76 Velodyne 357
- 9.77 Veoneer 358
- 9.78 Visteon 360
- 9.79 Volvo 360
- 9.80 Voyant Photonics 361
- 9.81 Vueron 362
- 9.82 Waymo 363
- 9.83 XenomatiX 364
- 9.84 XPeng Motors 364
- 9.85 Zadar Labs 365
- 9.86 Zendar 366
- 9.87 ZF Friedrichshafen AG 367
- 9.88 Zvision 368
10 APPENDICES 369
- 10.1 Research Methodology 369
- 10.2 List of Abbreviations 370
11 REFERENCES 372
List of Tables
- Table 1. Automation Levels . 15
- Table 2. Autonomous driving technologies. 16
- Table 3. Market drivers for ADAS sensors. 26
- Table 4. Market Restraints for ADAS sensors. 31
- Table 5. Market opportunities in ADAS sensors. 36
- Table 6. Market challenges in ADAS sensors. 41
- Table 7. Emerging Players and Startups in the ADAS Ecosystem. 45
- Table 8. SAE Automation Levels Definition. 48
- Table 9. Pure vision vs lidar sensor fusion. 53
- Table 10. Optical 3D sensing methods. 54
- Table 11. Overview of ADAS Sensors and Controllers. 61
- Table 12. Key Players in the ADAS Supply Chain. 65
- Table 13. Regional ADAS Adoption Trends 69
- Table 14. Regulatory Landscape Driving ADAS Adoption 71
- Table 15. ADAS Camera Sensors vs Radar Sensors vs Lidar Sensors. 83
- Table 16. CMOS image sensors vs CCD cameras. 86
- Table 17. Advatanages and disadvantages of IR Cameras. 87
- Table 18. CMOS image sensors vs CCD cameras. 88
- Table 19. Sensing Technologies by Features. 90
- Table 20. Comparison of Radar, ToF and IR Cameras. 91
- Table 21. Comparison of In-Cabin Sensing Technologies. 91
- Table 22. Applications of DMS. 94
- Table 23. Comparative analysis of LEDS and VCSEL. 101
- Table 24. Market players in cameras and thermal cameras. 110
- Table 25. Front Radar ADAS Applications. 116
- Table 26. Side Radar ADAS Applications. 118
- Table 27. Vehicles Using 4D Imaging Radars, 124
- Table 28. Plastic Omnium Functionalized Bumper. 126
- Table 29. Key Radar Components 127
- Table 30. Tier 1 Radar suppliers. 128
- Table 31. Market players in automotive radar. 130
- Table 32. LiDAR classifications. 134
- Table 33.TOF vs FMCW LiDAR 137
- Table 34. Comparative analysis of TOF and FMCW. 143
- Table 35. LiDAR beam steering technologies. 144
- Table 36. Lidar scanning. 144
- Table 37. Technology options for laser illumination. 157
- Table 38. Automotive LiDAR players. 169
- Table 39. LiDAR challenges. 172
- Table 40. Event-based sensing: Pros and cons 190
- Table 41. Leading Suppliers and Their Market Positions 200
- Table 42. OEM Partnerships and Supply Agreements. 202
- Table 43.Key Players in the DMS/OMS Space. 204
- Table 44.Technological Advancements Driving Market Growth. 205
- Table 45. Current Market Leaders in Automotive LiDAR. 208
- Table 46. Emerging Players and Disruptive Technologies. 210
- Table 47.LiDAR Adoption Trends Among OEMs. 212
- Table 48. Imaging Radar vs. Traditional Radar Market Dynamics. 218
- Table 49. Leading Suppliers of ADAS Computing Platforms. 225
- Table 50. Trends in Centralized vs. Distributed ADAS Architectures. 225
- Table 51. Autonomous Vehicles Forecast by SAE level 2022-2035. 253
- Table 52. Market Size Projections by Sensor Type, Millions USD, 2024-2035. 254
- Table 53. Market Size Projections: Cameras, Units, 2024-2035. 256
- Table 54. Market Size Projections: Radar, Units, 2024-2035. 257
- Table 55. Market Size Projections: LiDAR, Units, 2024-2035. 259
- Table 56. Market Size Projections by Region, Millions USD, 2024-2035. 261
- Table 57. Global ADAS-Related Regulations. 266
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Evolution of Sensor Suites. 16
- Figure 2. Position navigation technology. 49
- Figure 3. Global market for ADAS sensors 2022-2035 (by type). 68
- Figure 4. Toyota external camera. 80
- Figure 5. ADAS/AV Thermal Camera. 81
- Figure 6. Internal ADAS camera. 82
- Figure 7. RGB Cameras for Autonomous Vehicles 85
- Figure 8. OmniVision Global Shutter Sensor chip. 86
- Figure 9. Front vs backside illumination. 88
- Figure 10. Driver Monitoring System. 90
- Figure 11. Driver Monitoring Systems (DMS) with S32V234 Vision Processor. 92
- Figure 12. Infineon DMS - REAL3™ ToF Imager IRS2877A(S). 96
- Figure 13. Exploded view of Magna's driver monitoring system built into a rearview mirror. 96
- Figure 14. PreAct Mojave Flash LiDAR for OMS. 97
- Figure 15. LG Innotek ToF Camera for DMS. 98
- Figure 16. TriEye. 109
- Figure 17. LANXESS Concept Radar. 119
- Figure 18.Typical Sensor Suite for Autonomous Cars. 120
- Figure 19. LiDAR system. 136
- Figure 20. LiDAR working principle. 137
- Figure 21. Metamaterials in automotive applications. 153
- Figure 22. Lumotive advanced beam steering concept. 153
- Figure 23. Illustration of EchoDrive operation. 155
- Figure 24. Laser operating principles 157
- Figure 25. Top 10 Tier-1 Suppliers by Revenue 196
- Figure 26. LiDAR for automotive market share. 209
- Figure 27. Autonomous Vehicles Forecast by SAE level 2022-2035. 253
- Figure 28. Market Size Projections: Cameras, Units, 2024-2035. 257
- Figure 29. Market Size Projections: Radar, Units, 2024-2035. 258
- Figure 30. Radar Unit Sales by SAE Levels 2022-2035. 259
- Figure 31. Market Size Projections: LiDAR, Units, 2024-2035. 260
- Figure 32. Market Size Projections by Region, Millions USD, 2024-2035. 262
- Figure 33. Continental ARS540. 292
- Figure 34. (Hesai AT512 LiDAR). 305
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