The Global Industrial Biomanufacturing Market 2027-2037

1             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY            28

• 1.1        Definition and Scope of Industrial Biomanufacturing        28
• 1.2        Overview of Industrial Biomanufacturing Processes           29
• 1.3        Key Components of Industrial Biomanufacturing 31
• 1.4        Importance of Industrial Biomanufacturing in the Global Economy          32
• 1.5        Colours of Biotechnology      32
• 1.6        Markets              33
  • 1.6.1    Biopharmaceuticals 33
  • 1.6.2    Industrial Enzymes    34
  • 1.6.3    Biofuels             34
  • 1.6.4    Biomaterials and Bioplastics              35
  • 1.6.5    Specialty Chemicals 36
  • 1.6.6    Food and Beverage    36
  • 1.6.7    Agriculture and Animal Health           37
  • 1.6.8    Environmental Biotechnology             38
• 1.7        AI and Robotics in Biomanufacturing            39
• 1.8        Other Advanced and Emerging Technologies in Biomanufacturing           40

2             PRODUCTION               42

• 2.1        Microbial Fermentation           42
• 2.2        Mammalian Cell Culture        42
• 2.3        Plant Cell Culture        43
• 2.4        Insect Cell Culture     43
  • 2.4.1    Overview           43
  • 2.4.2    Cell lines           44
  • 2.4.3    Process characteristics          44
  • 2.4.4    Glycosylation 44
  • 2.4.5    Commercial applications      44
  • 2.4.6    Position within industrial biomanufacturing             45
• 2.5        Transgenic Animals   45
• 2.6        Transgenic Plants        46
• 2.7        Technologies  46
  • 2.7.1    Upstream Processing               46
    • 2.7.1.1 Cell Culture     46
      • 2.7.1.1.1           Overview           46
      • 2.7.1.1.2           Types of Cell Culture Systems            46
      • 2.7.1.1.3           Factors Affecting Cell Culture Performance              47
      • 2.7.1.1.4           Advances in Cell Culture Technology             48
        • 2.7.1.1.4.1      Single-use systems   48
        • 2.7.1.1.4.2      Process analytical technology (PAT)               48
        • 2.7.1.1.4.3      Cell line development              48
  • 2.7.2    Fermentation 49
    • 2.7.2.1 Overview           49
      • 2.7.2.1.1           Types of Fermentation Processes    49
      • 2.7.2.1.2           Factors Affecting Fermentation Performance          49
      • 2.7.2.1.3           Advances in Fermentation Technology         50
        • 2.7.2.1.3.1      High-cell-density fermentation          50
        • 2.7.2.1.3.2      Continuous processing           50
        • 2.7.2.1.3.3      Metabolic engineering             51
        • 2.7.2.1.3.4      Synthetic biology applications           51
        • 2.7.2.1.3.5      Cell-free systems        51
        • 2.7.2.1.3.6      Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing      52
  • 2.7.3    Downstream Processing        53
    • 2.7.3.1 Purification      53
      • 2.7.3.1.1           Overview           53
      • 2.7.3.1.2           Types of Purification Methods            53
      • 2.7.3.1.3           Factors Affecting Purification Performance               53
      • 2.7.3.1.4           Advances in Purification Technology              54
        • 2.7.3.1.4.1      Affinity chromatography         54
        • 2.7.3.1.4.2      Membrane chromatography 54
        • 2.7.3.1.4.3      Continuous chromatography              55
        • 2.7.3.1.4.4      Downstream processing (DSP) improvements        55
        • 2.7.3.1.4.5      Tangential flow filtration (TFF) in downstream bioprocessing        56
  • 2.7.4    Formulation    57
    • 2.7.4.1 Overview           57
      • 2.7.4.1.1           Types of Formulation Methods           57
      • 2.7.4.1.2           Factors Affecting Formulation Performance             57
      • 2.7.4.1.3           Advances in Formulation Technology            58
        • 2.7.4.1.3.1      Controlled release      58
        • 2.7.4.1.3.2      Nanoparticle formulation      58
        • 2.7.4.1.3.3      3D printing       58
  • 2.7.5    Bioprocess Development      58
    • 2.7.5.1 Scale-up            58
      • 2.7.5.1.1           Overview           58
      • 2.7.5.1.2           Factors Affecting Scale-up Performance     59
      • 2.7.5.1.3           Scale-up Strategies    60
    • 2.7.5.2 Optimization  60
      • 2.7.5.2.1           Overview           60
      • 2.7.5.2.2           Factors Affecting Optimization Performance            60
      • 2.7.5.2.3           Optimization Strategies           61
      • 2.7.5.2.4           Machine learning to improve biomanufacturing processes            62
      • 2.7.5.2.5           Process intensification and high-cell-density fermentation           64
      • 2.7.5.2.6           Hybrid biotechnological-chemical approaches     66
  • 2.7.6    Analytical Methods    68
    • 2.7.6.1 Quality Control             68
      • 2.7.6.1.1           Overview           68
      • 2.7.6.1.2           Types of Quality Control Tests            68
      • 2.7.6.1.3           Factors Affecting Quality Control Performance      70
    • 2.7.6.2 Characterization          70
      • 2.7.6.2.1           Overview           70
      • 2.7.6.2.2           Types of Characterization Methods 71
      • 2.7.6.2.3           Factors Affecting Characterization Performance   72
  • 2.7.7    Synthetic Biology Tools and Techniques      73
    • 2.7.7.1 DNA synthesis              73
    • 2.7.7.2 CRISPR-Cas9 systems            74
    • 2.7.7.3 Protein/enzyme engineering 74
    • 2.7.7.4 Computer-aided design          75
    • 2.7.7.5 Strain construction and optimization            76
    • 2.7.7.6 Robotics and automation      77
    • 2.7.7.7 Artificial intelligence and machine learning              78
  • 2.7.8    Alternative Feedstocks and Sustainability 79
    • 2.7.8.1 C1 feedstocks: Metabolic pathways               79
    • 2.7.8.2 C2 feedstocks               80
    • 2.7.8.3 Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks              81
    • 2.7.8.4 Blue biotechnology feedstocks         82
    • 2.7.8.5 Routes for carbon capture in biotechnology             83
• 2.8        Scale of Production   84
  • 2.8.1    Laboratory Scale         84
    • 2.8.1.1 Overview           84
    • 2.8.1.2 Scale and Equipment               84
    • 2.8.1.3 Advantages     85
    • 2.8.1.4 Disadvantages             85
  • 2.8.2    Pilot Scale        86
    • 2.8.2.1 Overview           86
    • 2.8.2.2 Scale and Equipment               86
    • 2.8.2.3 Advantages     86
    • 2.8.2.4 Disadvantages             87
  • 2.8.3    Commercial Scale      87
    • 2.8.3.1 Overview           87
    • 2.8.3.2 Scale and Equipment               87
    • 2.8.3.3 Advantages     88
    • 2.8.3.4 Disadvantages             89
• 2.9        Mode of Operation     89
  • 2.9.1    Batch Production        89
    • 2.9.1.1 Overview           89
    • 2.9.1.2 Advantages     90
    • 2.9.1.3 Disadvantages             90
    • 2.9.1.4 Applications   91
  • 2.9.2    Fed-batch Production              91
    • 2.9.2.1 Overview           91
    • 2.9.2.2 Advantages     91
    • 2.9.2.3 Disadvantages             92
    • 2.9.2.4 Applications   92
  • 2.9.3    Continuous Production           92
    • 2.9.3.1 Overview           92
    • 2.9.3.2 Advantages     92
    • 2.9.3.3 Disadvantages             93
    • 2.9.3.4 Applications   93
    • 2.9.3.5 Key fermentation parameter comparison   93
  • 2.9.4    Cell factories for biomanufacturing 95
    • 2.9.4.1 Range of organisms  96
    • 2.9.4.2 Escherichia coli (E.coli)           97
    • 2.9.4.3 Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum)     98
    • 2.9.4.4 Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) 99
    • 2.9.4.5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae)  100
    • 2.9.4.6 Yarrowia lipolytica (Y. lipolytica)        101
    • 2.9.4.7 Non-model organisms            101
  • 2.9.5    Perfusion Culture        103
    • 2.9.5.1 Overview           103
    • 2.9.5.2 Advantages     103
    • 2.9.5.3 Disadvantages             103
    • 2.9.5.4 Applications   103
    • 2.9.5.5 Perfusion bioreactors               104
  • 2.9.6    Other Modes of Operation     105
    • 2.9.6.1 Immobilized Cell Culture       105
      • 2.9.6.1.1           Immobilized enzymes              105
      • 2.9.6.1.2           Immobilized catalysts              106
    • 2.9.6.2 Two-Stage Production              107
    • 2.9.6.3 Hybrid Systems            107
• 2.10     Host Organisms          108

3             BIOPHARMACEUTICALS        110

• 3.1        Overview           110
• 3.2        Technology/materials analysis          110
  • 3.2.1    Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)         110
  • 3.2.2    Recombinant Proteins             111
  • 3.2.3    Vaccines           111
  • 3.2.4    Cell and Gene Therapies        112
  • 3.2.5    Blood Factors 113
  • 3.2.6    Tissue Engineering Products                113
  • 3.2.7    Nucleic Acid Therapeutics    114
  • 3.2.8    Peptide Therapeutics               114
  • 3.2.9    Biosimilars and Biobetters    115
  • 3.2.10 Nanobodies and Antibody Fragments           116
  • 3.2.11 Synthetic biology         116
    • 3.2.11.1            Metabolic engineering             117
      • 3.2.11.1.1        DNA synthesis              117
      • 3.2.11.1.2        CRISPR              118
        • 3.2.11.1.2.1   CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways      118
    • 3.2.11.2            Protein/Enzyme Engineering                119
    • 3.2.11.3            Strain construction and optimization            120
    • 3.2.11.4            Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering           121
    • 3.2.11.5            Smart bioprocessing 121
    • 3.2.11.6            Cell-free systems        122
    • 3.2.11.7            Chassis organisms    124
    • 3.2.11.8            Biomimetics   125
    • 3.2.11.9            Sustainable materials              126
    • 3.2.11.10         Robotics and automation      126
      • 3.2.11.10.1     Robotic cloud laboratories   127
      • 3.2.11.10.2     Automating organism design              127
      • 3.2.11.10.3     Artificial intelligence and machine learning              127
    • 3.2.11.11         Fermentation Processes        128
  • 3.2.12 Generative Biology     128
    • 3.2.12.1            Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)    130
      • 3.2.12.1.1        Variational Autoencoders (VAEs)      130
      • 3.2.12.1.2        Normalizing Flows      130
      • 3.2.12.1.3        Autoregressive Models            130
      • 3.2.12.1.4        Evolutionary Generative Models       131
    • 3.2.12.2            Design Optimization 131
      • 3.2.12.2.1        Evolutionary Algorithms (e.g., Genetic Algorithms, Evolutionary Strategies)       131
        • 3.2.12.2.1.1   Genetic Algorithms (GAs)      131
        • 3.2.12.2.1.2   Evolutionary Strategies (ES) 131
      • 3.2.12.2.2        Reinforcement Learning         132
      • 3.2.12.2.3        Multi-Objective Optimization              132
      • 3.2.12.2.4        Bayesian Optimization            132
    • 3.2.12.3            Computational Biology           133
      • 3.2.12.3.1        Molecular Dynamics Simulations    133
      • 3.2.12.3.2        Quantum Mechanical Calculations                134
      • 3.2.12.3.3        Systems Biology Modeling    134
      • 3.2.12.3.4        Metabolic Engineering Modeling       135
    • 3.2.12.4            Data-Driven Approaches       135
      • 3.2.12.4.1        Machine Learning       136
      • 3.2.12.4.2        Graph Neural Networks           136
      • 3.2.12.4.3        Unsupervised Learning           136
      • 3.2.12.4.4        Active Learning and Bayesian Optimization              137
    • 3.2.12.5            Agent-Based Modeling            137
    • 3.2.12.6            Hybrid Approaches    138
• 3.3        Market analysis            139
  • 3.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      139
  • 3.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   140
  • 3.3.3    Regulations     141
  • 3.3.4    Value chain     142
  • 3.3.5    Future outlook              143
  • 3.3.6    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   143
  • 3.3.7    Addressable Market Size        145
  • 3.3.8    Risks and Opportunities         145
  • 3.3.9    Global revenues           147
    • 3.3.9.1 By application market              147
    • 3.3.9.2 By regional market      148
  • 3.4        Company profiles       148

4             INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES (BIOCATALYSTS)      170

• 4.1        Overview           170
  • 4.1.1    Bio-manufactured enzymes 170
• 4.2        Technology/materials analysis          171
  • 4.2.1    Detergent Enzymes    171
  • 4.2.2    Food Processing Enzymes    172
  • 4.2.3    Textile Processing Enzymes  172
  • 4.2.4    Paper and Pulp Processing Enzymes             173
  • 4.2.5    Leather Processing Enzymes               173
  • 4.2.6    Biofuel Production Enzymes                174
    • 4.2.6.1 Enzymes for lignocellulosic derived bioethanol      174
    • 4.2.6.2 Cellulases for lignocellulosic bioethanol    175
    • 4.2.6.3 Hemicellulases and synergistic enzyme cocktails                176
    • 4.2.6.4 Thermostable and extremophilic enzymes 177
    • 4.2.6.5 Cost-performance metrics for thermostable enzymes      178
  • 4.2.7    Animal Feed Enzymes              179
  • 4.2.8    Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Enzymes  180
  • 4.2.9    Waste Management and Bioremediation Enzymes              180
    • 4.2.9.1 Enzymes for plastics recycling           181
    • 4.2.9.2 Enzymatic depolymerization               182
    • 4.2.9.3 Challenges in enzymatic depolymerization               183
  • 4.2.10 Agriculture and Crop Improvement Enzymes           183
  • 4.2.11 Enzymes for Decarbonization and CO₂ Utilization 185
    • 4.2.11.1            Carbonic anhydrase in CO₂ capture technologies 187
    • 4.2.11.2            Formate dehydrogenase and CO₂-to-chemicals pathways             188
    • 4.2.11.3            Selected enzymatic approaches to CO2 capture and conversion              189
• 4.3        Market analysis            190
  • 4.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      190
  • 4.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   191
  • 4.3.3    Technology challenges and opportunities for industrial enzymes               192
  • 4.3.4    Economic competitiveness of enzymatic processing         194
  • 4.3.5    Regulations     194
  • 4.3.6    Value chain     195
  • 4.3.7    Future outlook              196
  • 4.3.8    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   197
  • 4.3.9    Addressable Market Size        197
  • 4.3.10 Risks and Opportunities         198
  • 4.3.11 Global revenues           199
    • 4.3.11.1            By application market              199
    • 4.3.11.2            By regional market      199
• 4.4        Company profiles       200

5             BIOFUELS        213

• 5.1        Overview           213
• 5.2        Technology/materials analysis          215
  • 5.2.1    Role in the circular economy               215
  • 5.2.2    The global biofuels market    217
  • 5.2.3    Feedstocks      217
    • 5.2.3.1 First-generation (1-G)               218
    • 5.2.3.2 Second-generation (2-G)       219
      • 5.2.3.2.1           Lignocellulosic wastes and residues             220
      • 5.2.3.2.2           Biorefinery lignin         222
    • 5.2.3.3 Third-generation (3-G)             226
      • 5.2.3.3.1           Algal biofuels 226
        • 5.2.3.3.1.1      Properties         227
        • 5.2.3.3.1.2      Advantages     227
    • 5.2.3.4 Fourth-generation (4-G)          228
    • 5.2.3.5 Advantages and disadvantages, by generation        229
  • 5.2.4    Bioethanol       230
    • 5.2.4.1 First-generation bioethanol (from sugars and starches)    230
    • 5.2.4.2 Second-generation bioethanol (from lignocellulosic biomass)   230
    • 5.2.4.3 Third-generation bioethanol (from algae)    231
  • 5.2.5    Biodiesel           231
    • 5.2.5.1 Biodiesel by generation           231
    • 5.2.5.2 Production of biodiesel and other biofuels 232
      • 5.2.5.2.1           Pyrolysis of biomass 233
      • 5.2.5.2.2           Vegetable oil transesterification       236
      • 5.2.5.2.3           Vegetable oil hydrogenation (HVO)  237
        • 5.2.5.2.3.1      Production process   237
      • 5.2.5.2.4           Biodiesel from tall oil                239
      • 5.2.5.2.5           Fischer-Tropsch BioDiesel     239
      • 5.2.5.2.6           Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass         242
      • 5.2.5.2.7           CO2 capture and Fischer-Tropsch (FT)          242
      • 5.2.5.2.8           Dymethyl ether (DME)              243
    • 5.2.5.3 Prices  243
    • 5.2.5.4 Global production and consumption            244
  • 5.2.6    Biogas 245
    • 5.2.6.1 Feedstocks      247
    • 5.2.6.2 Biomethane    248
      • 5.2.6.2.1           Production pathways                250
        • 5.2.6.2.1.1      Landfill gas recovery 250
        • 5.2.6.2.1.2      Anaerobic digestion  250
        • 5.2.6.2.1.3      Thermal gasification 251
    • 5.2.6.3 Global production      252
    • 5.2.6.4 Prices  252
      • 5.2.6.4.1           Raw Biogas     252
      • 5.2.6.4.2           Upgraded Biomethane            253
    • 5.2.6.5 Bio-LNG             253
      • 5.2.6.5.1           Markets              253
        • 5.2.6.5.1.1      Trucks 253
        • 5.2.6.5.1.2      Marine 253
      • 5.2.6.5.2           Plants 253
    • 5.2.6.6 bio-CNG (compressed natural gas derived from biogas)  254
    • 5.2.6.7 Carbon capture from biogas               254
    • 5.2.6.8 Biosyngas        255
      • 5.2.6.8.1           Production       255
      • 5.2.6.8.2           Prices  256
  • 5.2.7    Biobutanol      256
    • 5.2.7.1 Production       258
    • 5.2.7.2 Prices  258
  • 5.2.8    Biohydrogen   259
    • 5.2.8.1 Description     259
      • 5.2.8.1.1           Dark fermentation      259
      • 5.2.8.1.2           Photofermentation     260
      • 5.2.8.1.3           Biophotolysis (direct and indirect)   260
        • 5.2.8.1.3.1      Direct Biophotolysis: 260
        • 5.2.8.1.3.2      Indirect Biophotolysis:            261
    • 5.2.8.2 Production of biohydrogen from biomass  262
      • 5.2.8.2.1           Biological Conversion Routes             262
        • 5.2.8.2.1.1      Bio-photochemical Reaction              262
        • 5.2.8.2.1.2      Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion        263
      • 5.2.8.2.2           Thermochemical conversion routes               263
        • 5.2.8.2.2.1      Biomass Gasification               263
        • 5.2.8.2.2.2      Biomass Pyrolysis      263
        • 5.2.8.2.2.3      Biomethane Reforming           264
    • 5.2.8.3 Applications   264
    • 5.2.8.4 Prices  265
  • 5.2.9    Biomethanol  265
    • 5.2.9.1 Gasification-based biomethanol     265
    • 5.2.9.2 Biosynthesis-based biomethanol    266
    • 5.2.9.3 Methanol-to gasoline technology     266
      • 5.2.9.3.1           Production processes              267
        • 5.2.9.3.1.1      Anaerobic digestion  268
        • 5.2.9.3.1.2      Biomass gasification 268
        • 5.2.9.3.1.3      Power to Methane       269
  • 5.2.10 Bio-oil and Biochar    269
    • 5.2.10.1            Pyrolysis-based bio-oil            270
    • 5.2.10.2            Hydrothermal liquefaction-based bio-oil    271
    • 5.2.10.3            Biochar from pyrolysis and gasification processes               271
    • 5.2.10.4            Advantages of bio-oils             273
    • 5.2.10.5            Production       274
      • 5.2.10.5.1        Fast Pyrolysis 274
      • 5.2.10.5.2        Costs of production  274
      • 5.2.10.5.3        Upgrading        274
    • 5.2.10.6            Applications   275
    • 5.2.10.7            Bio-oil producers         276
    • 5.2.10.8            Prices  276
      • 5.2.10.8.1        Biochar co-product economics         277
      • 5.2.10.8.2        Biochar in anaerobic digestion          278
  • 5.2.11 Renewable Diesel and Jet Fuel           278
    • 5.2.11.1            Renewable diesel        278
      • 5.2.11.1.1        Production       278
      • 5.2.11.1.2        Global consumption 279
      • 5.2.11.1.3        Prices  280
    • 5.2.11.2            Bio-aviation fuel (bio-jet fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, renewable jet fuel or aviation biofuel)              280
      • 5.2.11.2.1        Description     280
      • 5.2.11.2.2        SWOT analysis              282
      • 5.2.11.2.3        Global production and consumption            283
      • 5.2.11.2.4        Production pathways                283
      • 5.2.11.2.5        Prices  284
      • 5.2.11.2.6        Bio-aviation fuel production capacities       285
      • 5.2.11.2.7        Challenges      285
      • 5.2.11.2.8        Global consumption 286
  • 5.2.12 Algal biofuels 286
    • 5.2.12.1            Conversion pathways               286
    • 5.2.12.2            SWOT analysis              287
    • 5.2.12.3            Production       288
    • 5.2.12.4            Market challenges      289
    • 5.2.12.5            Prices  290
    • 5.2.12.6            Producers         291
• 5.3        Market analysis            292
  • 5.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      292
  • 5.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   295
  • 5.3.3    Regulations     295
  • 5.3.4    Value chain     296
  • 5.3.5    Future outlook              297
  • 5.3.6    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   299
  • 5.3.7    Addressable Market Size        300
  • 5.3.8    Risks and Opportunities         301
  • 5.3.9    Global revenues           301
    • 5.3.9.1 By biofuel type               301
    • 5.3.9.2 Applications Market  302
    • 5.3.9.3 By regional market      302
• 5.4        Company profiles       302

6             BIOPLASTICS 351

• 6.1        Overview           352
• 6.2        Technology/materials analysis          353
  • 6.2.1    Polylactic acid (PLA) 353
    • 6.2.1.1 NatureWorks: second global manufacturing site, Thailand            354
    • 6.2.1.2 PLA and PEF product developments (2026)              354
    • 6.2.1.3 Henan Techuang Biotechnology        354
  • 6.2.2    Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)          355
    • 6.2.2.1 Types   356
    • 6.2.2.2 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)   359
    • 6.2.2.3 Polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV)    360
    • 6.2.2.4 Ourobio: PHAs and pigments from waste streams               360
    • 6.2.2.5 Shellworks: Vivomer PHA packaging             360
  • 6.2.3    Bio-based polyethylene (PE)                361
  • 6.2.4    Bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET)             361
  • 6.2.5    Bio-based polyurethanes (PUs)         362
  • 6.2.6    Starch-based plastics              363
  • 6.2.7    Cellulose-based plastics       364
    • 6.2.7.1 Ecovative Forager: mycelium hides and foams       364
• 6.3        Market analysis            365
  • 6.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      365
  • 6.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   366
    • 6.3.2.1 European biobased lead markets and demand-side measures   366
  • 6.3.3    Regulations     366
  • 6.3.4    Value chain     367
  • 6.3.5    Future outlook              368
    • 6.3.5.1 Effect of 2026 developments on the outlook            369
  • 6.3.6    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   369
  • 6.3.7    Addressable Market Size        371
  • 6.3.8    Risks and Opportunities         371
  • 6.3.9    Global revenues           372
    • 6.3.9.1 By type                372
    • 6.3.9.2 By application market              372
    • 6.3.9.3 By regional market      373
• 6.4        Company profiles       373

7             BIOCHEMICALS           517

• 7.1        Overview           517
• 7.2        Technology/materials analysis          519
  • 7.2.1    Organic acids 522
    • 7.2.1.1 Lactic acid       522
      • 7.2.1.1.1           D-lactic acid   522
      • 7.2.1.1.2           L-lactic acid    522
    • 7.2.1.2 Succinic acid 523
    • 7.2.1.3 Itaconic acid  524
    • 7.2.1.4 Citric acid        525
    • 7.2.1.5 Acetic acid      525
    • 7.2.1.6 Malonic acid   526
  • 7.2.2    Amino acids   526
    • 7.2.2.1 Glutamic acid                526
    • 7.2.2.2 Lysine 527
    • 7.2.2.3 Threonine         528
    • 7.2.2.4 Methionine      529
    • 7.2.2.5 Vitamins produced using biotechnology     529
      • 7.2.2.5.1           Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)            530
      • 7.2.2.5.2           Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)      530
      • 7.2.2.5.3           Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)      531
      • 7.2.2.5.4           Vitamin B7 (Biotin)     532
      • 7.2.2.5.5           Vitamin B3 (Niacin / Nicotinic Acid) 532
      • 7.2.2.5.6           Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid / Folate)          533
  • 7.2.3    Alcohols            534
    • 7.2.3.1 Ethanol              534
    • 7.2.3.2 Butanol              534
    • 7.2.3.3 Isobutanol       535
    • 7.2.3.4 Propanediol    536
    • 7.2.3.5 Catalyxx: commercial-scale renewable alcohols, Sines, Portugal             537
  • 7.2.4    Surfactants     537
    • 7.2.4.1 Biosurfactants (e.g., rhamnolipids, sophorolipids)              537
      • 7.2.4.1.1           Rhamnolipids 538
      • 7.2.4.1.2           Sophorolipids                539
      • 7.2.4.1.3           Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs)      540
      • 7.2.4.1.4           Cellobiose lipids          541
      • 7.2.4.1.5           Designer glycolipids and lipopeptides via synthetic biology           542
    • 7.2.4.2 Alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) 543
  • 7.2.5    Solvents            543
    • 7.2.5.1 Ethyl lactate    543
    • 7.2.5.2 Dimethyl carbonate   544
    • 7.2.5.3 Glycerol             545
  • 7.2.6    Flavours and fragrances         545
    • 7.2.6.1 Vanillin               545
    • 7.2.6.2 Nootkatone     546
    • 7.2.6.3 Limonene         547
    • 7.2.6.4 Bio-manufactured fragrances and aromatics          548
    • 7.2.6.5 Biotech-derived fragrance precursors           549
    • 7.2.6.6 Ambroxan        550
    • 7.2.6.7 Flavour enhancers      551
    • 7.2.6.8 Disodium Inosinate (IMP)      552
    • 7.2.6.9 Disodium Guanylate (GMP)  553
    • 7.2.6.10            Monatin             554
  • 7.2.7    Bio-based monomers and intermediates    554
    • 7.2.7.1 Succinic acid 554
    • 7.2.7.2 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)              555
    • 7.2.7.3 Isoprene            556
    • 7.2.7.4 Ethylene            556
    • 7.2.7.5 Propylene         557
    • 7.2.7.6 Adipic acid      558
    • 7.2.7.7 Acrylic acid     559
    • 7.2.7.8 Sebacic acid  559
    • 7.2.7.9 Genomatica (Geno) acquired by Again         560
    • 7.2.7.10            Hyosung TNC: Bio-BDO production in Vietnam      560
    • 7.2.7.11            17Cicada: FDCA from mixed waste 561
    • 7.2.7.12            C12: Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)    561
    • 7.2.7.13            1,5-Pentanediamine (PDA)   561
  • 7.2.8    Bio-based polymers  562
    • 7.2.8.1 Polybutylene succinate (PBS)             562
    • 7.2.8.2 Polyamides (nylons)  563
    • 7.2.8.3 Polyethylene furanoate (PEF)              563
    • 7.2.8.4 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)            564
    • 7.2.8.5 Polyethylene isosorbide terephthalate (PEIT)           566
  • 7.2.9    Bio-based composites and blends  567
    • 7.2.9.1 Wood-plastic composites (WPCs)  567
    • 7.2.9.2 Biofiller-reinforced plastics  568
    • 7.2.9.3 Biofiber-reinforced plastics  568
    • 7.2.9.4 Polymer blends with bio-based components           570
  • 7.2.10 Beauty and Personal Care Chemicals           571
    • 7.2.10.1            Hyaluronic acid production  571
    • 7.2.10.2            Squalene and Squalane alternatives              572
    • 7.2.10.3            Collagen           573
    • 7.2.10.4            Bio-based UV filters and photoprotective compounds      574
    • 7.2.10.5            Melanin             575
    • 7.2.10.6            Emollients       576
  • 7.2.11 Waste 577
    • 7.2.11.1            Food waste      577
    • 7.2.11.2            Agricultural waste       578
    • 7.2.11.3            Forestry waste               578
    • 7.2.11.4            Aquaculture/fishing waste    579
    • 7.2.11.5            Municipal solid waste              579
    • 7.2.11.6            Industrial waste           580
    • 7.2.11.7            Waste oils        580
    • 7.2.11.8            Recycling and circularity developments (2026)      581
    • 7.2.11.9            Biomason: biocement             581
    • 7.2.12 Microbial and mineral sources           581
      • 7.2.12.1            Microalgae      581
      • 7.2.12.2            Macroalgae     582
      • 7.2.12.3            Cyanobacteria              582
      • 7.2.12.4            Mineral sources            583
  • 7.2.13 Other Bio-manufactured Products  584
    • 7.2.13.1            Cement alternatives from biomanufacturing           584
    • 7.2.13.2            Precision fermentation products      585
• 7.3        Market analysis            586
  • 7.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      586
    • 7.3.1.1 Company landscape in specialty chemicals biotechnology          587
    • 7.3.1.2 Bio-manufactured beauty ingredient production capacities          588
  • 7.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   589
    • 7.3.2.1 Trends and drivers in biotechnology               589
    • 7.3.2.2 Government support of biotechnology         590
    • 7.3.2.3 Carbon taxes  591
  • 7.3.3    Regulations     592
  • 7.3.4    Value chain     593
    • 7.3.4.1 Economic viability factors     593
    • 7.3.4.2 Effect of feedstock prices      594
    • 7.3.4.3 Scale-up effects on cost        595
  • 7.3.5    Future outlook              596
  • 7.3.6    Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   597
  • 7.3.7    Addressable Market Size        598
  • 7.3.8    Risks and Opportunities         599
  • 7.3.9    Major market challenges        599
  • 7.3.10 Technical challenges 600
  • 7.3.11 Global revenues           601
    • 7.3.11.1            By type                601
    • 7.3.11.2            By application market              602
    • 7.3.11.3            By regional market      602
• 7.4        Company profiles       603

8             BIO-AGRITECH             622

• 8.1        Overview           622
• 8.2        Technology/materials analysis          623
  • 8.2.1    Biopesticides 623
    • 8.2.1.1 Semiochemical            624
    • 8.2.1.2 Macrobial Biological Control Agents              624
    • 8.2.1.3 Microbial pesticides  627
    • 8.2.1.4 Biochemical pesticides          628
    • 8.2.1.5 Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)           628
  • 8.2.2    Biofertilizers   629
  • 8.2.3    Biostimulants 630
    • 8.2.3.1 Microbial biostimulants         630
      • 8.2.3.1.1           Nitrogen Fixation         632
      • 8.2.3.1.2           Formulation Challenges         634
    • 8.2.3.2 Natural Product Biostimulants          634
    • 8.2.3.3 Manipulating the Microbiome             637
    • 8.2.3.4 Synthetic Biology        638
    • 8.2.3.5 Non-microbial biostimulants             639
  • 8.2.4    Agricultural Enzymes                640
    • 8.2.4.1 Types of Agricultural Enzymes            640
• 8.3        Market analysis            641
  • 8.3.1    Key players and competitive landscape      641
  • 8.3.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   642
  • 8.3.3    Regulations     643
  • 8.3.4    Value chain     643
  • 8.3.5    Future outlook              644
  • 8.3.6    Addressable Market Size        645
  • 8.3.7    Risks and Opportunities         645
  • 8.3.8    Global revenues           646
    • 8.3.8.1 By application market              646
    • 8.3.8.2 By regional market      647
• 8.4        Company profiles       647

9             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY              671

10          REFERENCES 671

List of Tables

• Table 1. Biomanufacturing revolutions and representative products.      28
• Table 2. Industrial Biomanufacturing categories.  29
• Table 3. Overview of Biomanufacturing Processes.             30
• Table 4. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing   31
• Table 5. Key Components of Industrial Biomanufacturing.             31
• Table 6. Colours of biotechnology.  33
• Table 7. AI and Robotics Applications in Biomanufacturing           39
• Table 8. Advanced Technologies in Biomanufacturing Applications.       41
• Table 9. Types of Cell Culture Systems.       47
• Table 10. Factors Affecting Cell Culture Performance.      48
• Table 11. Types of Fermentation Processes.             49
• Table 12. Factors Affecting Fermentation Performance.   50
• Table 13. Advances in Fermentation Technology.   50
• Table 14. Continuous vs Batch Biomanufacturing Comparison. 52
• Table 15. Types of Purification Methods in Downstream Processing.       53
• Table 16. Factors Affecting Purification Performance.        53
• Table 17. Advances in Purification Technology.       54
• Table 18. Downstream Processing Technology Improvements.    56
• Table 19. TFF Applications in Downstream Processing.    56
• Table 20. Common formulation methods used in biomanufacturing.     57
• Table 21. Factors Affecting Formulation Performance.      57
• Table 22. Advances in Formulation Technology.     58
• Table 23. Factors Affecting Scale-up Performance in Biomanufacturing.             59
• Table 24. Scale-up Strategies in Biomanufacturing.            60
• Table 25. Factors Affecting Optimization Performance in Biomanufacturing.    61
• Table 26. Optimization Strategies in Biomanufacturing.   61
• Table 27. Machine Learning Applications in Biomanufacturing   63
• Table 28. High-Cell-Density Fermentation Parameters and Targets.         64
• Table 29. Hybrid Biotechnological-Chemical Process Applications.        66
• Table 30. Types of Quality Control Tests in Biomanufacturing.     68
• Table 31. Factors Affecting Quality Control Performance in Biomanufacturing 70
• Table 32. Types of Characterization Methods in Biomanufacturing.         71
• Table 33. Factors Affecting Characterization Performance in Biomanufacturing             72
• Table 34. DNA Synthesis Technologies and Capabilities. 73
• Table 35. CRISPR-Cas9 Applications in Biomanufacturing.           74
• Table 36. Protein Engineering Strategies and Applications.             75
• Table 37. Computer-Aided Design Tools in Biotechnology.              76
• Table 38. Strain Engineering Strategies and Targets.            77
• Table 39. Automation Applications in Biotechnology.         78
• Table 40. AI/ML Applications in Biomanufacturing Systems.         79
• Table 41. C1 Feedstock Utilization Pathways and Characteristics.            80
• Table 42. C2 Feedstock Processing and Applications.       80
• Table 43. Lignocellulosic Biomass Processing Technologies.        81
• Table 44. Blue Biotechnology Feedstock Characteristics and Applications.       82
• Table 45. Carbon Capture and Utilization Pathways in Biotechnology.   84
• Table 46. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes.              90
• Table 47. Key fermentation parameter comparison             93
• Table 48. Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing.   95
• Table 49. Organism Categories and Production Capabilities.       96
• Table 50. E. coli Characteristics for Biomanufacturing Applications.      97
• Table 51. C. glutamicum Production Capabilities and Characteristics.  98
• Table 52. B. subtilis Production Systems and Applications.           99
• Table 53. S. cerevisiae Capabilities and Industrial Applications. 100
• Table 54. Y. lipolytica Production Capabilities and Process Parameters.               101
• Table 55. Non-Model Organisms and Specialized Applications. 102
• Table 56. Perfusion Bioreactor Technologies and Performance.  104
• Table 57. Enzyme Immobilization Methods and Characteristics. 106
• Table 58. Immobilized Catalyst Systems and Applications.            107
• Table 59. Comparison of Modes of Operation.        108
• Table 60. Host organisms commonly used in biomanufacturing.               108
• Table 61. Types of biopharmaceuticals.      110
• Table 62. Types of Monoclonal Antibodies. 111
• Table 63. Types of Recombinant Proteins.  111
• Table 64. Types of biopharma vaccines.      112
• Table 65. Types of Cell and Gene Therapies              112
• Table 66. Types of Blood Factors.     113
• Table 67. Types of Tissue Engineering Products.     113
• Table 68. Types of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics.         114
• Table 69. Types of Peptide Therapeutics.    115
• Table 70. Types of Biosimilars and Biobetters.         115
• Table 71. Types of Nanobodies and Antibody Fragments. 116
• Table 72. Types of Synthetic Biology Applications in Biopharmaceuticals.          116
• Table 73. Engineered proteins in industrial applications. 120
• Table 74. Cell-free versus cell-based systems         123
• Table 75. White biotechnology fermentation processes.  128
• Table 76. Key players in biopharmaceuticals.          139
• Table 77. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Biopharmaceuticals.      140
• Table 78. Biopharmaceuticals Regulations.              141
• Table 79. Value chain: Biopharmaceuticals.            142
• Table 80. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biopharmaceuticals.          143
• Table 81. Addressable market size for biopharmaceuticals.          145
• Table 82. Risks and Opportunities in biopharmaceuticals.             145
• Table 83. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.                147
• Table 84. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.    148
• Table 85. Biopharmaceuticals company profiles. 148
• Table 86. Types of industrial enzymes.          170
• Table 87. Types of Detergent Enzymes.        171
• Table 88. Types of Food Processing Enzymes           172
• Table 89. Types of Textile Processing Enzymes.      172
• Table 90. Types of Paper and Pulp Processing Enzymes.  173
• Table 91. Types of Leather Processing Enzymes.   173
• Table 92. Types of Biofuel Production Enzymes.     174
• Table 93. Lignocellulosic Enzyme Systems and Performance.      175
• Table 94. Cellulase Component Functions and Characteristics. 176
• Table 95. Hemicellulase Systems and Substrate Specificity.         177
• Table 96. Thermostable Enzyme Sources and Characteristics.    178
• Table 97. Thermostable Enzyme Economic Analysis Framework.               179
• Table 98. Types of Animal Feed Enzymes.   179
• Table 99. Types of Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Enzymes.       180
• Table 100. Types of Waste Management and Bioremediation Enzymes. 180
• Table 101. Enzymes for Plastics Recycling Applications.  182
• Table 102. Challenges in Enzymatic Depolymerization.     183
• Table 103. Types of Agriculture and Crop Improvement Enzymes.             184
• Table 104. Comparison of enzyme types.    184
• Table 105. Enzymes for Decarbonization and CO₂ Utilization.      186
• Table 106. Carbonic Anhydrase Applications in CO₂ Capture.      188
• Table 107. Formate Dehydrogenase Systems for CO₂ Conversion.            189
• Table 108. Enzymatic CO₂ Capture and Conversion Technologies.            190
• Table 109. Key players in industrial enzymes.          190
• Table 110. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in industrial enzymes.       191
• Table 111. Technology Challenges and Opportunities for Industrial Enzymes.  192
• Table 112. Industrial enzymes Regulations.              194
• Table 113. Value chain: Industrial enzymes.             195
• Table 114. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biocatalysts.          197
• Table 115. Addressable market size for industrial enzymes.          198
• Table 116. Risks and Opportunities in industrial enzymes.             198
• Table 117. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.                199
• Table 118. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.     199
• Table 119. Industrial Enzymes Company Profiles. 200
• Table 120. Types of biofuel, by generation. 213
• Table 121. Comparison of biofuels. 216
• Table 122. Classification of biomass feedstock.    217
• Table 123. Biorefinery feedstocks.   218
• Table 124. Feedstock conversion pathways.             218
• Table 125. First-Generation Feedstocks.     218
• Table 126. Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities.              221
• Table 127. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins.              222
• Table 128. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes  222
• Table 129. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol.   224
• Table 130. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae.       227
• Table 131. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops.            228
• Table 132. Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels, by generation.    229
• Table 133. Biodiesel by generation. 231
• Table 134. Biodiesel production techniques.            232
• Table 135. Summary of pyrolysis technique under different operating conditions.         233
• Table 136. Biomass materials and their bio-oil yield.          235
• Table 137. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process.              236
• Table 138. Properties of vegetable oils in comparison to diesel.  237
• Table 139. Main producers of HVO and capacities.              238
• Table 140. Commercial development of BtL processes     240
• Table 141. Pilot or demo projects for biomass to liquid (BtL) processes.               241
• Table 142.Biodiesel (B20) average prices, current and historical, USD/litre.        243
• Table 143. Global biodiesel consumption, 2010–2037 (M litres/year)      244
• Table 144. Biogas and biomethane feedstock          247
• Table 145. Existing and planned bio-LNG production plants.        253
• Table 146. Methods for capturing carbon dioxide from biogas.    254
• Table 147. Total syngas market by product 255
• Table 148. Biosyngas price ranges by application: 256
• Table 149. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways.             262
• Table 150. Markets and applications for biohydrogen.       264
• Table 151. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas. 268
• Table 152. Summary of applications of biochar in energy.               272
• Table 153. Typical composition and physicochemical properties reported for bio-oils and heavy petroleum-derived oils.          273
• Table 154. Properties and characteristics of pyrolysis liquids derived from biomass versus a fuel oil.                273
• Table 155. Main techniques used to upgrade bio-oil into higher-quality fuels.   275
• Table 156. Markets and applications for bio-oil.     275
• Table 157. Bio-oil producers.              276
• Table 158. Global renewable diesel consumption, 2010-2037 (M litres/year).   279
• Table 159. Renewable diesel price ranges  280
• Table 160. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel.   281
• Table 161. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel.        284
• Table 162. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities. 285
• Table 163. Global bio-jet fuel consumption, 2019–2037 (million litres/year)       286
• Table 164. production cost estimates and projections      290
• Table 165. Algae-derived biofuel producers.             291
• Table 166. Key players in biofuels.   292
• Table 167. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in biofuels.               295
• Table 168. Biofuels Regulations.       295
• Table 169. Value chain: Biofuels.      297
• Table 170. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biofuels.   299
• Table 171. Addressable market size, billions USD 300
• Table 172. Risks and Opportunities in biofuels       301
• Table 173. Global revenues for biofuels, by type (2020-2037), billions USD.       301
• Table 174. Global Revenues for Biofuels, by Applications Market (2020-2037), billions USD. 302
• Table 175. Global revenues for biofuels, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.             302
• Table 176. Biofuels Company Profiles.         302
• Table 177. Types of bioplastics:        352
• Table 178. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.  353
• Table 179. Types of PHAs and properties.   357
• Table 180. Commercially available PHAs.  358
• Table 181. Markets and applications for PHAs.       358
• Table 182. Bio-based Polyethylene (Bio-PE) market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and       361
• Table 183. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) market analysis- manufacture, advantages,                361
• Table 184. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) producers and production capacities,             362
• Table 185. Key players in Bioplastics.            365
• Table 186. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Bioplastics.        366
• Table 187. Bioplastics Regulations. 367
• Table 188. Value chain: Bioplastics.               367
• Table 189. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Bioplastics.            369
• Table 190. Addressable market size for Bioplastics.            371
• Table 191. Risks and Opportunities in Bioplastics.              371
• Table 192. Global revenues for bioplastics, by type (2020-2037), billions USD. 372
• Table 193. Global revenues for bioplastics, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.            372
• Table 194. Global revenues for bioplastics, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.      373
• Table 195. Bioplastics Company Profiles.  373
• Table 196. Types of biochemicals.   517
• Table 197. Plant-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced.               519
• Table 198. Waste-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced.            520
• Table 199. Microbial and mineral-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced.         521
• Table 200. Biobased feedstock sources for Succinic acid.              523
• Table 201. Applications of succinic acid.    523
• Table 202. Biobased feedstock sources for itaconic acid.               524
• Table 203. Applications of bio-based itaconic acid.            524
• Table 204. Feedstock Sources for Citric Acid Production.               525
• Table 205. Applications of Citric Acid.           525
• Table 206. Feedstock Sources for Acetic Acid Production.             525
• Table 207. Applications of Acetic Acid.         525
• Table 208. Feedstock Sources for Acetic Acid Production.             526
• Table 209. Applications of Acetic Acid.         526
• Table 210. Common lysine sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals.      527
• Table 211. Applications of lysine as a feedstock for biochemicals.           527
• Table 212. Feedstock Sources for Threonine Production. 528
• Table 213. Applications of Threonine.           528
• Table 214. Feedstock Sources for Methionine Production.             529
• Table 215. Applications of Methionine.        529
• Table 216. Vitamins Produced Using Biotechnology.          529
• Table 217. Biobased feedstock sources for ethanol.           534
• Table 218. Applications of bio-based ethanol.        534
• Table 219. Feedstock Sources for Butanol Production.     535
• Table 220. Applications of Butanol. 535
• Table 221. Biobased feedstock sources for isobutanol.    535
• Table 222. Applications of bio-based isobutanol. 536
• Table 223. Applications of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO).             536
• Table 224. Types of Biosurfactants. 537
• Table 225. Feedstock Sources for Biosurfactant Production          537
• Table 226. Applications of Biosurfactants  537
• Table 227. Rhamnolipid Production and Application Characteristics.     538
• Table 228. Sophorolipid Types and Application Properties.             539
• Table 229. Mannosylerythritol Lipid Variants and Properties.        540
• Table 230. Cellobiose Lipid Development and Applications.         541
• Table 231. Designer Biosurfactant Engineering Strategies               542
• Table 232. Feedstock Sources for APG Production               543
• Table 233. Applications of Alkyl Polyglucosides (APGs)     543
• Table 234. Feedstock Sources for Ethyl Lactate Production.         544
• Table 235. Applications of Ethyl Lactate.     544
• Table 236. Feedstock Sources for Dimethyl Carbonate Production           544
• Table 237. Applications of Dimethyl Carbonate      544
• Table 238. Markets and applications for bio-based glycerol.          545
• Table 239. Bio-manufactured Fragrances and Aromatics.               549
• Table 240. Biotech-derived Fragrance Precursors.                550
• Table 241. Bio-manufactured Enhancers.  552
• Table 242. Feedstock Sources for Succinic Acid Production          555
• Table 243. Applications of Succinic Acid.   555
• Table 244. Applications of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol (BDO).        555
• Table 245. Feedstock Sources for Isoprene Production.   556
• Table 246. Applications of Isoprene.              556
• Table 247. Applications of bio-based ethylene.       557
• Table 248. Applications of bio-based propylene.   557
• Table 249. Applications of bio-based adipic acid. 558
• Table 250. Applications of bio-based acrylic acid.                559
• Table 251. Bio-PBS market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.      562
• Table 252. Leading PBS producers and production capacities.   562
• Table 253. Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.  563
• Table 254. FDCA and PEF producers.            564
• Table 255. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and    565
• Table 256. Production capacities of Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), by leading producers.       565
• Table 257. Types of Wood-Plastic Composites (WPCs).    567
• Table 258. Types of Biofiber-Reinforced Plastics.  569
• Table 259. Types of Polymer Blends with Bio-based Components.           570
• Table 260. Hyaluronic Acid Production Parameters and Applications     572
• Table 261. Squalene/Squalane Production Methods and Characteristics.           573
• Table 262. Collagen Production Systems and Applications.          574
• Table 263. Bio-based UV Filter Compounds and Characteristics.              575
• Table 264. Melanin Production and Application Parameters.        576
• Table 265. Bio-manufactured Emollient Categories and Properties.         577
• Table 266. Mineral source products and applications.       583
• Table 267. Cement Alternatives from Biomanufacturing. 584
• Table 268. Precision Fermentation Products.           585
• Table 269. Key players in Biochemicals.      586
• Table 270. Bio-manufactured Beauty Ingredient Production Capacities                589
• Table 271. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Biochemicals.  589
• Table 272. Trends and Drivers in Biotechnology.    590
• Table 273. Government Support of Biotechnology.              591
• Table 274. Biochemicals Regulations.          592
• Table 275. Value chain: Biochemicals.         593
• Table 276. Economic Viability Assessment Framework.   594
• Table 277. Feedstock Price Impact Analysis for Biotechnology Production.        595
• Table 278. Scale-up Cost Impact Analysis.               596
• Table 279. Addressable market size for Biochemicals.      598
• Table 280. Risks and Opportunities in Biochemicals.         599
• Table 281. Market Challenge Assessment and Mitigation Strategies.       600
• Table 282. Technical Challenge Assessment and Solutions.         601
• Table 283. Global revenues for biochemicals, by type (2020-2037), billions USD.          601
• Table 284. Global revenues for biochemicals, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.       602
• Table 285. Global revenues for biochemicals, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD. 602
• Table 286. Biochemicals Company Profiles.             603
• Table 287. Bio-agritech categories. 622
• Table 288. Biopesticides: Pros and Cons.   623
• Table 289. Semiochemicals: Advantages and Disadvantages.    624
• Table 290. Biological Pest Control: Advantages and Disadvantages.       625
• Table 291. Global regulations on biopesticides.     625
• Table 292. Main types of microbial pesticides.        627
• Table 293. Main types of biochemical pesticides. 628
• Table 294. Main types of biofertilizers.          629
• Table 295. Types of Microbial Biostimulants.           635
• Table 296. Main types of non-microbial biostimulants.     639
• Table 297. Types of Agricultural Enzymes   640
• Table 298. Key players in Bio Agritech.          642
• Table 299. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Bio Agritech        642
• Table 300. Bio Agritech Regulations.              643
• Table 301. Value chain: Bio Agritech.             643
• Table 302. Addressable market size for Bio Agritech.          645
• Table 303. Risks and Opportunities in Bio Agritech.             645
• Table 304. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.                646
• Table 305. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.                647
• Table 306. Bio agritech Company Profiles. 647
•  

List of Figures

• Figure 1. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing.           119
• Figure 2. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering. 122
• Figure 3. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems.      124
• Figure 4. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis.     125
• Figure 5. The design-make-test-learn loop of generative biology.                129
• Figure 6. Flow chart for biodiesel production.          236
• Figure 7. Biogas and biomethane pathways.             246
• Figure 8. Overview of biogas utilization.       248
• Figure 9. Biogas and biomethane pathways.             250
• Figure 10. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.   251
• Figure 11. Schematic overview of biomass gasification for biomethane production.    252
• Figure 12. Properties of petrol and biobutanol.       257
• Figure 13. Biobutanol production route.      257
• Figure 14. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks.       267
• Figure 15. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading.        268
• Figure 16. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation.               269
• Figure 17. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process.  269
• Figure 18. Bio-oil upgrading/fractionation techniques.      275
• Figure 19. SWOT analysis for Bio-aviation fuel.       283
• Figure 20. Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels.     287
• Figure 21. SWOT analysis for algae-derived biofuels.         288
• Figure 22. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production.      289
• Figure 23. PHA family.              357
• Figure 24. Schematic of biorefinery processes.      522
• Figure 25. Production capacities of Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) to 2025.          564
• Figure 26. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biochemicals.        598

The Global Industrial Biomanufacturing Market 2027-2037

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The Global Industrial Biomanufacturing Market 2027-2037

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