The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers 2022-2032

Published November 2022 | 393 pages, 103 tables, 137 figures | Download table of contents

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF), also called cellulose nanofibrils or nanofibrillated cellulose, are sustainable materials with high mechanical strength and stiffness (stronger than steel), high aspect ratios, high transparency, high chemical resistance and impressive rheological, optical and film-forming properties. They are also lightweight and have made a recent impact in industrial applications in biopolymers, bio-composites and hygiene and sanitary products.

Industrial products have been introduced to the market recently in packaging, composites and thermoplastics, biomedicine and hygiene, mainly in the Japanese market. Advanced applications in paper batteries and flexible electronics are also expected once current processing challenges have been overcome.

CNF production is now at the industrial scale, with numerous large paper manufacturers establishing multi-ton production facilities. Japanese chemicals manufacturers have also initiated cellulose nanofiber production capabilities. Facilities have also been established in Europe (mainly Scandinavia), Canada and the United States.

Report contents include:

Global production capacities, by CNF producer, current and planned.
Production volumes by region.
Commercialized products on the market incorporating CNFs.
Stage of commercialization for cellulose nanofiber applications by company (TRL).
CNF applications by industry.
Demand in tons per market, current and forecast to 2033.
Market drivers, trends and challenges, by end user markets.
Competitive landscape of CNF by market, volumes, key trends and growth. Potential for CNF to gain market share by market volume across all end user markets. Markets covered include Polymer composites, Automotive, Building & Construction, Packaging, Textiles, Biomedicine, Pharma, Healthcare, Sanitary and Hygiene Products, Paints & Coatings, Aerogels, Oil & Gas, Filtration, Cosmetics, Food Additives, Electronics, Batteries, Aerospace and 3D printing.
In-depth market assessment of opportunities for CNF including potential revenues, growth rates, pricing, most likely applications and market challenges.
In-depth analysis of market by applications including estimated market size, penetration and growth. Applications covered include: Polymer composite parts; Biodegradable and renewable nanocomposites; Automotive composites; Packaging films; Aerogels; Construction materials; Packaging fillers/additives; Paint and coatings additives; Deodorant sheets; Pharmaceutical additives; Renewable plastic parts/casings; Transparent films for electronics; Flexible and printed electronics; Batteries; Flexible and paper batteries; Filtration membranes.
In-depth key player profiles of 122 companies, including products, current capacities and plans for new capacities, production processes, prices per kg and commercial activities. Companies profiled in the report include Asahi Kasei, Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Daicel, Daiichi Kogyo, Daio Paper, GranBio Technologies, Nippon Paper, Oji Holdings, Sugino Machine, Seiko PMC and more.

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 25

1.1 The market for nanocellulose 27
1.2 Cellulose Nanofibers industry developments 2020-22 29
1.3 Market outlook in 2022 and beyond 31
1.4 Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) production capacities 2022, in metric tons by producer 32
1.5 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) production capacities 2022 33
1.6 Global demand in metric tons, 2018-2033 33
1.7 Market challenges for cellulose nanofibers 36
1.8 Cellulose nanofibers commercial products 38
1.9 Cellulose nanofibers market by region 46
- 1.9.1 Japan 48
- 1.9.2 China 49
- 1.9.3 Malaysia 50
- 1.9.4 Western Europe 50
- 1.9.5 North America 51
1.10 Global government funding 52

2 OVERVIEW OF NANOCELLULOSE 53

2.1 Cellulose 53
2.2 Nanocellulose 54
2.3 Properties of nanocellulose 55
2.4 Feedstocks 56
2.5 Advantages of nanocellulose 58
2.6 Synthesis and Production methods 59
- 2.6.1 Acid hydrolysis 63
- 2.6.2 TEMPO oxidation 63
- 2.6.3 Ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation 63
- 2.6.4 Ball milling 64
- 2.6.5 Cryocrushing 64
- 2.6.6 High-shear grinding 64
- 2.6.7 Green production methods 65
  - 2.6.7.1 Ultrasonication 65
  - 2.6.7.2 High-pressure homogenization 65
- 2.6.8 Recent methods 66
  - 2.6.8.1 Microwave irradiation 66
  - 2.6.8.2 Enzymatic processing 66
  - 2.6.8.3 Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) 67
  - 2.6.8.4 Pulsed electric field 68
  - 2.6.8.5 Electron beam irradiation 68
2.7 Types of nanocellulose 70
- 2.7.1 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) 73
- 2.7.2 Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) 74
  - 2.7.2.1 Applications 74
- 2.7.3 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 75
  - 2.7.3.1 Synthesis 76
  - 2.7.3.2 Properties 78
  - 2.7.3.3 Production 79
  - 2.7.3.4 Applications 80
2.7.4 Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC) 81
- 2.7.4.1 Production 81
- 2.7.4.2 Applications 84

3 MARKET OPPORTUNITIES IN CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS 86

4 REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS 89

4.1 Standards 89
- 4.1.1 International Standards Organization (ISO) 89
- 4.1.2 American National Standards 89
- 4.1.3 CSA Group 89
4.2 Toxicity 90
4.3 Regulation 92

5 CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS SUPPLY CHAIN 93

6 CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS PRICING 96

7 MARKETS FOR CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS 98

7.1 Composites 98
- 7.1.1 Market overview 98
- 7.1.2 Applications 104
  - 7.1.2.1 Automotive composites 104
  - 7.1.2.2 Biocomposite films & packaging 105
  - 7.1.2.3 Barrier packaging 105
  - 7.1.2.4 Thermal insulation composites 105
  - 7.1.2.5 Construction composites 106
- 7.1.3 Global market in tons to 2033 106
- 7.1.4 Product developers 107
7.2 Automotive 110
- 7.2.1 Market overview 110
- 7.2.2 Applications 114
  - 7.2.2.1 Composites 114
  - 7.2.2.2 Air intake components 120
  - 7.2.2.3 Tires 120
- 7.2.3 Global market in tons to 2033 121
- 7.2.4 Product developers 122
7.3 Buildings and construction 125
- 7.3.1 Market overview 125
- 7.3.2 Applications 129
  - 7.3.2.1 Sandwich composites 129
  - 7.3.2.2 Cement additives 129
  - 7.3.2.3 Pump primers 130
  - 7.3.2.4 Thermal insulation and damping 130
- 7.3.3 Global market in tons to 2033 131
- 7.3.4 Product developers 132
7.4 Paper and board packaging 134
- 7.4.1 Market overview 134
- 7.4.2 Applications 140
  - 7.4.2.1 Reinforcement and barrier 141
  - 7.4.2.2 Biodegradable food packaging foil and films 141
  - 7.4.2.3 Paperboard coatings 141
- 7.4.3 Global market in tons to 2033 142
- 7.4.4 Product developers 143
7.5 Textiles and apparel 144
- 7.5.1 Market overview 144
- 7.5.2 Applications 148
  - 7.5.2.1 CNF deodorizer and odour reducer (antimicrobial) in adult and child diapers 149
  - 7.5.2.2 Footwear 149
- 7.5.3 Global market in tons to 2033 149
- 7.5.4 Product developer profiles 151
7.6 Biomedicine and healthcare 152
- 7.6.1 Market overview 152
- 7.6.2 Applications 159
  - 7.6.2.1 Wound dressings 159
  - 7.6.2.2 Drug delivery stabilizers 160
  - 7.6.2.3 Tissue engineering scaffolds 160
- 7.6.3 Global market in tons to 2033 161
- 7.6.4 Product developers 162
7.7 Hygiene and sanitary products 165
- 7.7.1 Market overview 165
- 7.7.2 Applications 165
- 7.7.3 Global market in tons to 2033 165
- 7.7.4 Product developers 167
7.8 Paints and coatings 168
- 7.8.1 Market overview 168
- 7.8.2 Applications 172
- 7.8.3 Global market in tons to 2033 172
- 7.8.4 Product developers 174
7.9 Aerogels 176
- 7.9.1 Market overview 176
- 7.9.2 Global market in tons to 2033 179
- 7.9.3 Product developers 180
7.10 Oil and gas 182
- 7.10.1 Market overview 182
- 7.10.2 Applications 185
  - 7.10.2.1 Oil recovery applications (fracturing fluid) 185
  - 7.10.2.2 CNF Membranes for separation 185
  - 7.10.2.3 Oil and gas fluids additives 186
- 7.10.3 Global market in tons to 2033 186
- 7.10.4 Product developers 187
7.11 Filtration 189
- 7.11.1 Market overview 189
- 7.11.2 Applications 194
  - 7.11.2.1 Membranes for selective absorption 194
- 7.11.3 Global market in tons to 2033 195
- 7.11.4 Product developers 196
7.12 Rheology modifiers 198
- 7.12.1 Market overview 198
- 7.12.2 Applications 201
  - 7.12.2.1 Food additives 201
  - 7.12.2.2 Pickering stabilizers 202
  - 7.12.2.3 Hydrogels 202
  - 7.12.2.4 Cosmetics and skincare 203
- 7.12.3 Global market in tons to 2033 203
- 7.12.4 Product developers 204
7.13 Other markets 207
- 7.13.1 Printed, stretchable and flexible electronics 207
  - 7.13.1.1 Market assessment 207
  - 7.13.1.2 Product developers 210
- 7.13.2 3D printing 212
  - 7.13.2.1 Market assessment 212
  - 7.13.2.2 Product developers 214
- 7.13.3 Aerospace 215
  - 7.13.3.1 Market assessment 215
  - 7.13.3.2 Product developers 216
- 7.13.4 Batteries 217
  - 7.13.4.1 Market assessment 217

8 CELLULOSE NANOFIBER COMPANY PROFILES 218 (122 company profiles)

9 RESEARCH SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY 378

9.1 Report scope 378
9.2 Research methodology 378

10 REFERENCES 380

List of Tables

Table 1. Market summary for nanocellulose-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, market estimates, global consumption, main current applications, future applications. 26
Table 2. Markets and applications for nanocellulose. 27
Table 3. The Cellulose Nanofibers market 2020-2022-industry product and production activity. 29
Table 4. CNF production capacities (by type, wet or dry) and production process, by producer, metric tons. 32
Table 5. MFC production capacities in metric tons and production process, by producer, metric tons. 33
Table 6. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers/MFC by market in metric tons, 2018-2033. 33
Table 7. Market and technical challenges in cellulose nanofibers 36
Table 8. Cellulose nanofiber-based commercial products. 38
Table 9. Regional demand for Cellulose nanofibers, 2021, tons (total excludes MFC). 47
Table 10. Cellulose nanofibers producers and product developers in Japan. 48
Table 11. Cellulose nanofibers research centres, universities and companies in China. 49
Table 12. Cellulose nanofibers producers and product developers in Europe. 50
Table 13. Cellulose nanofibers producers and product developers in North America. 51
Table 14. Properties and applications of nanocellulose. 55
Table 15. Properties of nanocellulose, by type. 56
Table 16. Chemical composition of different lignocellulosic feedstocks used for nanocellulose production (% dry basis). 57
Table 17. Properties of cellulose nanofibrils relative to metallic and polymeric materials. 58
Table 18. Extraction of nanocellulose (NC) from various lignocellulosic sources using different conventional technologies. 62
Table 19. Types of nanocellulose. 70
Table 20. Types of nanocellulose. 72
Table 21. Applications of cellulose nanofibers (CNF). 74
Table 22. Synthesis methods for cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). 77
Table 23. CNC sources, size and yield. 78
Table 24. CNC properties. 78
Table 25. Mechanical properties of CNC and other reinforcement materials. 79
Table 26. Applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). 80
Table 27. Applications of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). 84
Table 28. Market opportunity assessment for Cellulose nanofibers, by application. 86
Table 29. Safety of Micro/Nanofibrillated cellulose. 90
Table 30. Global Cellulose nanofibers market supply chain analysis. 93
Table 31: Product/price/application matrix of cellulose nanofiber producers. 96
Table 32. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in composites. 98
Table 33. Comparative properties of polymer composites reinforcing materials. 99
Table 34. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in composites. 99
Table 35. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in composites-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global composites OEMs. 100
Table 36. Global market demand for cellulose nanofibers in composites, 2018-2033 (metric tons). 106
Table 37. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers in composites. 107
Table 38. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in automotive. 110
Table 39. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in automotive. 111
Table 40. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in automotive-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global automotive OEMs. 111
Table 41. Components featured in the NCV. 115
Table 42. Global market demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector 2018-2033 (metric tons). 121
Table 43. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in the automotive industry. 122
Table 44. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in building and construction. 125
Table 45. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in building and construction. 125
Table 46. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in building and construction-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global construction OEMs 126
Table 47: Market demand for cellulose nanofibers in building and construction, 2018-2033 (tons). 131
Table 48. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers in building and construction. 132
Table 49. Oxygen permeability of nanocellulose films compared to those made form commercially available petroleum-based materials and other polymers. 134
Table 50. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in paper and board packaging. 134
Table 51. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in paper and board packaging-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global paper and board packaging OEMs. 135
Table 52. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in paper & board packaging, 2018-2033 (tons). 142
Table 53. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in paper and board. 143
Table 54. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in textiles and apparel. 144
Table 55. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in textiles and apparel. 144
Table 56. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in textiles and apparel-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global textiles and apparel OEMs. 145
Table 57. Demand for cellulose nanofibers in textiles, 2018-2033 (tons). 149
Table 58. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in textiles and apparel. 151
Table 59. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in medicine and healthcare. 152
Table 60. Scorecard for nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare. 153
Table 61. Market assessment for nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global medicine and healthcare OEMs. 154
Table 62. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in biomedical and healthcare, 2018-2033 (tons). 161
Table 63. Nanocellulose product developers in medicine and healthcare. 162
Table 64. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in the hygiene and sanitary products market. 165
Table 65. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in hygiene and absorbents, 2018-2033 (tons). 165
Table 66. Cellulose nanofibers product developers in hygiene and sanitary products. 167
Table 67. Market overview for Cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings. 168
Table 68. Scorecard for Cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings. 168
Table 69. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global paints and coatings OEMs. 169
Table 70. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in paint and coatings, 2018-2033 (tons). 172
Table 71. Companies developing nanocellulose products in paints and coatings, applications targeted and stage of commercialization. 174
Table 72. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in aerogels. 176
Table 73. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in aerogels. 176
Table 74. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in aerogels-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global aerogels OEMs. 177
Table 75. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in aerogels, 2018-2033 (tons). 179
Table 76. Nanocellulose in product developers in aerogels. 180
Table 77. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in oil and gas. 182
Table 78. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in oil and gas. 182
Table 79. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in oil and gas-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global oil and gas OEMs. 183
Table 80. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the oil and gas market, 2018-2033 (tons). 186
Table 81. Cellulose nanofibers product developers in oil and gas exploration. 187
Table 82. CNF membranes. 190
Table 83. Market overview for Cellulose nanofibers in filtration. 190
Table 84. Scorecard for Cellulose nanofibers in filtration. 191
Table 85. Market assessment for Cellulose nanofibers in filtration-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global filtration OEMs. 191
Table 86: Global demand for Cellulose nanofibers in the filtration market, 2018-2033 (tons). 195
Table 87. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in filtration. 196
Table 88. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in rheology modifiers. 198
Table 89. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in rheology modifiers. 199
Table 90. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in rheology modifiers-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global rheology modifier OEMs. 199
Table 91. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2033 (tons). 203
Table 92. Commercial activity in cellulose nanofibers in rheology modifiers. 204
Table 93. Properties of flexible electronics‐cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper). 207
Table 94. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in printed, stretchable and flexible electronics-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global printed, flexible and stretchable electronics OEMs. 208
Table 95. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in printed, stretchable and flexible electronics. 210
Table 96. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in 3D priniting-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global 3D printing OEMs. 212
Table 97. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers 3D printing products. 214
Table 98. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in aerospace-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading. 215
Table 99: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in aircraft and aerospace. 216
Table 100. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in Batteries-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks. 217
Table 101: Granbio Nanocellulose Processes. 270
Table 102. Nippon Paper commercial CNF products. 310
Table 103. Oji Holdings CNF products. 320

List of Figures

Figure 1. CNF nameplate. 29
Figure 2. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers/MFC in metric tons by market, 2018-2033. 35
Figure 3. Aruba 23. 38
Figure 4. Dorayaki. 39
Figure 5. ENASAVE NEXT. 39
Figure 6. Flat4-KAEDE. 40
Figure 7. GEL-KAYANO™. 40
Figure 8. Hada care acty®. 41
Figure 9. Hiteeth All in One Mouth Gel. 41
Figure 10. HYPERNANO X series. 41
Figure 11. Kirekira! toilet wipes. 42
Figure 12. ONKYO® Scepter SC-3(B) 2-way Speaker System. 42
Figure 13. Pioneer® SE-MONITOR5 Headphones. 42
Figure 14. "Poise" series Super strong deodorant sheet. 43
Figure 15. RUBURI Precursor Lubris for raw concrete pumping. 43
Figure 16. SC-3 (B) speakers. 44
Figure 17. SE-MONITOR5 headphones. 44
Figure 18. "Skin Care Acty" series Adult diapers. 44
Figure 19. "SURISURI" Lotion. 45
Figure 20. X9400 series. 45
Figure 21. X Premium Sound Speaker Alps Alpine. 46
Figure 22. Regional demand for Cellulose nanofibers, 2021. 47
Figure 23. Schematic diagram of partial molecular structure of cellulose chain with numbering for carbon atoms and n= number of cellobiose repeating unit. 53
Figure 24. Scale of cellulose materials. 54
Figure 25. Nanocellulose preparation methods and resulting materials. 60
Figure 26. Production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass using enzymatic treatment (endoglucanases and xylanases) followed by mechanical treatment. 67
Figure 27. EBI pretreatment combined with HPH for CNC production. 69
Figure 28. Types of nanocellulose. 71
Figure 29. Relationship between different kinds of nanocelluloses. 71
Figure 30. Various preparation methods for nanocellulose. 73
Figure 31. CNF gel. 74
Figure 32. TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals. 76
Figure 33. CNC preparation. 76
Figure 34. Extracting CNC from trees. 78
Figure 35. CNC slurry. 80
Figure 36. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes 83
Figure 37. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in composites. 104
Figure 38. Global market demand for cellulose nanofibers in composites, 2018-2033 (metric tons). 107
Figure 39. CNF mixed PLA (Poly Lactic Acid). 108
Figure 40. CNF resin products. 109
Figure 41. Interior of NCV concept car. 110
Figure 42. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in automotive. 114
Figure 43. Interior of the NCV prototype. 115
Figure 44. Global demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector, 2018-2033 (metric tons). 121
Figure 45: Daio Paper's cellulose nanofiber material in doors and hood of race car. 122
Figure 46: CNF composite. 123
Figure 47: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins. 123
Figure 48. CNF car engine cover developed in Japan Ministry of the Environment’s (MOE) Nano Cellulose Vehicle (NCV) Project. 124
Figure 49. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete. 126
Figure 50. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in building and construction. 129
Figure 51. Demand for cellulose nanofibers in construction, 2018-2033 (tons). 132
Figure 52. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in paper and board packaging. 140
Figure 53. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the paper & board/packaging, 2018-2033 (tons). 142
Figure 54. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in textiles and apparel. 149
Figure 55. Asics GEL-KAYANO™ 25 running shoe. 149
Figure 56. Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the textiles sector, 2018-2033 (tons). 150
Figure 57. CNF deodorant products. 151
Figure 58. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in medicine and healthcare. 159
Figure 59. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in biomedical and healthcare, 2018-2033 (tons). 161
Figure 60. Fibnano. 163
Figure 61. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in hygiene and absorbents, 2018-2033 (tons). 166
Figure 62. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings. 172
Figure 63. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in paint and coatings, 2018-2033 (tons). 173
Figure 64. Hefcel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test. 175
Figure 65: Global demand for nanocellulose in in aerogels, 2018-2033 (tons). 180
Figure 66. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the oil and gas market, 2018-2033 (tons). 187
Figure 67. Nanocellulose sponge developed by EMPA for potential applications in oil recovery. 188
Figure 68. Applications of Cellulose nanofibers in filtration. 194
Figure 69. Global demand for Cellulose nanofibers in the filtration market, 2018-2033 (tons). 196
Figure 70. Multi-layered cross section of CNF-nw. 197
Figure 71. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in rheology modifiers. 201
Figure 72. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2033 (tons). 204
Figure 73. "SURISURI" products. 205
Figure 74. Foldable nanopaper antenna. 208
Figure 75: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF. 210
Figure 76. Oji CNF transparent sheets. 210
Figure 77. Electronic components using NFC as insulating materials. 211
Figure 78: Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel. 219
Figure 79. MEDICELLU™. 219
Figure 80: Ashai Kasei CNF production process. 221
Figure 81: Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet. 222
Figure 82: Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric. 222
Figure 83. CNF nonwoven fabric. 223
Figure 84. Borregaard Chemcell CNF production process. 229
Figure 85. Celfion membrane. 231
Figure 86. nanoforest products. 240
Figure 87. Chuetsu Pulp & Paper CNF production process. 241
Figure 88. nanoforest-S. 242
Figure 89. nanoforest-PDP. 242
Figure 90. nanoforest-MB. 243
Figure 91. Daicel Corporation CNF production process. 245
Figure 92. Celish. 246
Figure 93: Trunk lid incorporating CNF. 247
Figure 94. Daio Paper CNF production process. 248
Figure 95. ELLEX products. 250
Figure 96. CNF-reinforced PP compounds. 250
Figure 97. Kirekira! toilet wipes. 250
Figure 98. Color CNF. 252
Figure 99. DIC Products CNF production process. 254
Figure 100. DKS Co. Ltd. CNF production process. 256
Figure 101: Rheocrysta spray. 257
Figure 102. DKS CNF products. 257
Figure 103: CNF based on citrus peel. 259
Figure 104. Citrus cellulose nanofiber. 260
Figure 105. Imerys CNF production process. 262
Figure 106. Filler Bank CNC products. 264
Figure 107: Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE). 266
Figure 108: CNF products from Furukawa Electric. 267
Figure 109. Granbio CNF production process. 271
Figure 110: Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials. 274
Figure 111. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer). 276
Figure 112: CNF gel. 278
Figure 113: Block nanocellulose material. 279
Figure 114: CNF products developed by Hokuetsu. 279
Figure 115. Kami Shoji CNF products. 283
Figure 116. Dual Graft System. 284
Figure 117: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins. 285
Figure 118. Acrylic resin blended with modified CNF (fluid) and its molded product (transparent film), and image obtained with AFM (CNF 10wt% blended). 286
Figure 119: 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side). 287
Figure 120. Kruger Biomaterials, Inc. CNF production process. 289
Figure 121. CNF deodorant. 290
Figure 122. Chitin nanofiber product. 291
Figure 123. Marusumi Paper cellulose nanofiber products. 293
Figure 124. FibriMa cellulose nanofiber powder. 294
Figure 125. Cellulomix production process. 296
Figure 126. Nanobase versus conventional products. 296
Figure 127. Uni-ball Signo UMN-307. 297
Figure 128: CNF slurries. 299
Figure 129. Range of CNF products. 299
Figure 130: Nanocell serum product. 303
Figure 131. Vatensel® product 304
Figure 132: Hydrophobization facilities for raw pulp. 306
Figure 133: Mixing facilities for CNF-reinforced plastic. 306
Figure 134. Nippon Paper CNF production process. 309
Figure 135: Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers. 310
Figure 136. All-resin forceps incorporating CNF. 312
Figure 137. CNF paint product. 314
Figure 138. CNF wet powder. 316
Figure 139. CNF transparent film. 316
Figure 140. Transparent CNF sheets. 317
Figure 141. Oji Paper CNF production process. 318
Figure 142. CNF clear sheets. 320
Figure 143. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product. 322
Figure 144. Fluorene cellulose ® powder. 323
Figure 145. A vacuum cleaner part made of cellulose fiber (left) and the assembled vacuum cleaner. 324
Figure 146. Performance Biofilaments CNF production process. 325
Figure 147. XCNF. 327
Figure 148. Innventia CNF production process. 329
Figure 149: Innventia AB movable nanocellulose demo plant. 330
Figure 150. CNF insulation flat plates. 331
Figure 151. Seiko PMC CNF production process. 334
Figure 152. Manufacturing process for STARCEL. 335
Figure 153. Rubber soles incorporating CNF. 337
Figure 154. CNF dispersion and powder from Starlite. 338
Figure 155. Stora Enso CNF production process. 339
Figure 156. Sugino Machine CNF production process. 341
Figure 157. High Pressure Water Jet Process. 341
Figure 158. 2 wt.％ CNF suspension. 342
Figure 159. BiNFi-s Dry Powder. 342
Figure 160. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet. 343
Figure 161. Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material. 343
Figure 162. SVILOSA AD CNC products. 345
Figure 163. Silver / CNF composite dispersions. 350
Figure 164. CNF/nanosilver powder. 351
Figure 165: Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF. 353
Figure 166: CNF resin products. 356
Figure 167. University of Maine CNF production process. 357
Figure 168. UPM-Kymmene CNF production process. 359
Figure 169. FibDex® wound dressing. 360
Figure 170. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process. 362
Figure 171: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF. 363
Figure 172. VTT 100% bio-based stand-up pouches. 366
Figure 173. VTT CNF production process. 367
Figure 174: HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test. 368
Figure 175: Bio-based barrier bags prepared from Tempo-CNF coated bio-HDPE film. 369
Figure 176. S-CNF in powder form. 371
Figure 177. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process. 374

The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers to 2033

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The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers to 2033

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