Published August 2023 | 410 pages, 64 tables, 48 figures | Download table of contents
White biotechnology harnesses living cells collected from yeast, molds, microorganisms and plants, and enzymes to produce renewable fuels, chemicals, materials and medicines. It relies on principles of biotechnology, molecular biology and synthetic biology to engineer organisms that efficiently convert raw materials into value-added products, that can be easily degraded, consume less energy and create less waste.
Key tools like metabolic engineering, fermentation, enzymatic biocatalysis, and directed evolution allow the biology of bacteria, yeast and algae to be optimized as microbial cell factories. Their metabolism can be tailored to convert sugars, waste lipids and even CO2 into target compounds like ethanol, organic acids, biopolymers and more. White biotechnology enables the sustainable production of both high-volume commodities as well as fine chemicals for pharmaceuticals. It allows renewable feedstocks like agricultural wastes and algae to be utilized as inputs. Biomanufacturing processes can achieve high specificity under mild conditions with far less waste than conventional chemistry.
Report contents include:
- Principles and tools of white biotechnology. Analysis of major host organisms - engineered bacteria, yeast, algae, fungi - used in industrial biotechnology.
- Key end product applications and markets. Markets covered include biofuels, renewable chemicals, bioplastics, ingredients, agriculture, cosmetics, textiles, and more. Analysis of market drivers, challenges, regulations, and outlook.
- Insights into biomanufacturing processes and scale-up for commercialization. Batch vs continuous processing, bioreactors, downstream separation, and process analytical techniques.
- Techno-economic analysis and market outlook.
- Latest trends and future opportunities.
- Global market revenues to 2034.
- 182 company profiles spanning feedstock supply, biomanufacturing, and end-product companies. Analysis of how startups, SMEs, and large corporations apply biotech across the value chain. Companies profiled include ÄIO, Ardra Bio, Bolt Threads, Cascade Biocatalysts, C16 Biosciences, Circe, Danimer Scientific, Debut Biotechnology, Fermelanta, Future Fields, Gingko Bioworks, Green Bioactives, HydGene Renewables, LanzaTech, Metabolic Explorer, Michroma, Modern Meadow, Newlight Technologies, Novozymes, Onego Bio, Pearl Bio, Pivot Bio, Provectus Algae, Seminal Biosciences, Spiber, Succinity, Terra Bioindustries, Visolis, and Yali Bio.
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1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 17
2 INTRODUCTION 18
- 2.1 Definition 19
- 2.2 Comparison with conventional processes 20
- 2.3 Applications 21
- 2.4 Advantages 22
- 2.5 Sustainability 23
- 2.6 White Biotechnology for the Circular Economy 24
- 2.6.1 Agricultural Waste 24
- 2.6.2 Forestry and Paper Waste 24
- 2.6.3 Gas Fermentation 24
- 2.6.4 Plastics Upcycling 25
- 2.6.5 Wastewater Valorization 25
3 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 26
- 3.1 Production hosts 27
- 3.1.1 Bacteria 27
- 3.1.2 Yeast 28
- 3.1.3 Fungi 29
- 3.1.4 Marine 30
- 3.1.5 Enzymes 31
- 3.1.6 Photosynthetic organisms 33
- 3.2 Biomanufacturing processes 34
- 3.2.1 Batch biomanufacturing 35
- 3.2.2 Continuous biomanufacturing 36
- 3.3 Cell factories for biomanufacturing 37
- 3.4 Synthetic Biology 39
- 3.4.1 Overview 39
- 3.4.1.1 Metabolic engineering 41
- 3.4.1.2 DNA synthesis 42
- 3.4.1.3 CRISPR 43
- 3.4.1.4 Protein/Enzyme Engineering 46
- 3.4.1.5 Smart bioprocessing 48
- 3.4.1.6 Cell-free systems 49
- 3.4.1.7 Chassis organisms 51
- 3.4.1.8 Biomimetics 54
- 3.4.1.9 Sustainable materials 55
- 3.4.2 Robotics and automation 57
- 3.4.3 Fermentation Processes 58
- 3.4.1 Overview 39
- 3.5 Feedstocks 60
- 3.5.1 C1 feedstocks 60
- 3.5.2 C2 feedstocks 63
- 3.5.3 Biological conversion of CO2 66
- 3.5.4 Food processing wastes 70
- 3.5.5 Lignocellulosic biomass 70
- 3.5.6 Methane 72
- 3.5.7 Municipal solid wastes 73
- 3.5.8 Plastic wastes 74
- 3.5.9 Plant oils 76
- 3.5.10 Starch 76
- 3.5.11 Sugars 78
- 3.5.12 Used cooking oils 79
- 3.5.13 Green hydrogen production 79
- 3.5.14 Blue hydrogen production 81
- 3.6 Blue biotechnology (Marine biotechnology) 84
- 3.6.1 Cyanobacteria 85
- 3.6.2 Algae 86
- 3.6.3 Companies 86
4 MARKET ANALYSIS 87
- 4.1 Market trends and drivers 87
- 4.2 Industry challenges and constraints 90
- 4.3 White biotechnology in the “bioeconomy 92
- 4.4 SWOT analysis 93
- 4.5 Market map 95
- 4.6 Competitive landscape 97
- 4.7 Main end-use markets 98
- 4.7.1 Biofuels 99
- 4.7.1.1 Solid Biofuels 100
- 4.7.1.2 Liquid Biofuels 101
- 4.7.1.3 Gaseous Biofuels 102
- 4.7.1.4 Conventional Biofuels 103
- 4.7.1.5 Advanced Biofuels 103
- 4.7.1.6 Feedstocks 104
- 4.7.1.7 Metabolic pathways 121
- 4.7.1.8 Bioethanol 124
- 4.7.1.9 Biodiesel 130
- 4.7.1.10 Biogas 134
- 4.7.1.11 Renewable diesel 138
- 4.7.1.12 Biojet fuel 140
- 4.7.1.13 Algal biofuels (blue biotech) 144
- 4.7.1.14 Biohydrogen 148
- 4.7.1.15 Biobutanol 151
- 4.7.1.16 Bio-based methanol 153
- 4.7.1.17 Bioisoprene 158
- 4.7.1.18 Fatty Acid Esters 158
- 4.7.2 Bio-based chemicals 159
- 4.7.2.1 Alcohols 159
- 4.7.2.2 Organic acids 161
- 4.7.2.3 Enzymes 162
- 4.7.2.4 Acetone 163
- 4.7.2.5 Acetic acid 164
- 4.7.2.6 Adipic acid 165
- 4.7.2.7 Aldehydes 166
- 4.7.2.8 Acrylic acid 168
- 4.7.2.9 Bacterial cellulose 169
- 4.7.2.10 Bio-BDO 170
- 4.7.2.11 Bio-DME 171
- 4.7.2.12 Biobased ethanol 172
- 4.7.2.13 Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) 173
- 4.7.2.14 Ethylene 173
- 4.7.2.15 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) 174
- 4.7.2.16 Itaconic acid 174
- 4.7.2.17 Lactic acid (D-LA) 175
- 4.7.2.18 Malonic acid 175
- 4.7.2.19 Monoethylene glycol (MEG) 176
- 4.7.2.20 Succinic acid (SA) 176
- 4.7.2.21 Triglycerides 177
- 4.7.2.22 Amino Acids 178
- 4.7.2.23 Vitamins 180
- 4.7.2.24 Other types 181
- 4.7.3 Bioplastics and Biopolymers 182
- 4.7.3.1 Polylactic acid (PLA) 184
- 4.7.3.2 PHAs 186
- 4.7.3.3 Bio-PET 196
- 4.7.3.4 Starch blends 198
- 4.7.3.5 Protein-based bioplastics 200
- 4.7.4 Bioremediation 203
- 4.7.5 Biocatalysis 205
- 4.7.5.1 Biotransformations 206
- 4.7.5.2 Cascade biocatalysis 206
- 4.7.5.3 Co-factor recycling 207
- 4.7.5.4 Immobilization 207
- 4.7.6 Food and Nutraceutical Ingredients 208
- 4.7.6.1 Alternative Proteins 209
- 4.7.6.2 Natural Sweeteners 210
- 4.7.6.3 Natural Flavors and Fragrances 211
- 4.7.6.4 Texturants and Thickeners 211
- 4.7.6.5 Nutraceuticals and Supplements 211
- 4.7.7 Sustainable agriculture 212
- 4.7.7.1 Biofertilizers 212
- 4.7.7.2 Biopesticides 214
- 4.7.7.3 Biostimulants 218
- 4.7.7.4 Crop Biotechnology 221
- 4.7.8 Textiles 224
- 4.7.8.1 Bio-Based Fibers 225
- 4.7.8.2 Recombinant Materials 228
- 4.7.8.3 Sustainable Processing 230
- 4.7.9 Pharmaceuticals 231
- 4.7.10 Cosmetics 235
- 4.7.11 Surfactants and detergents 237
- 4.7.12 Cement 239
- 4.7.12.1 Biocement 239
- 4.7.12.2 Mycelium materials 240
- 4.7.1 Biofuels 99
- 4.8 Global market revenues 2018-2034 241
- 4.8.1 By market 242
- 4.8.2 By region 243
- 4.9 Future Market Outlook 244
5 COMPANY PROFILES 246
6 GLOSSARY 399
- 6.1 Acronyms 399
- 6.2 Terms 400
7 REFERENCES 402
List of Tables
- Table 1. Biotechnology "colors". 17
- Table 2. Differences between white biotechnology and conventional processes. 19
- Table 3. Advantages of white biotechnology. 21
- Table 4. Molecules produced through industrial biomanufacturing. 25
- Table 5. Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing. 36
- Table 6. Core stages - Design, Build and Test. 38
- Table 7. Products and applications enabled by synthetic biology. 39
- Table 8. Engineered proteins in industrial applications. 45
- Table 9. White biotechnology fermentation processes. 58
- Table 10. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages. 67
- Table 11. Summary of Enzymolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers. 73
- Table 12. Biomass processes summary, process description and TRL. 80
- Table 13. Pathways for hydrogen production from biomass. 82
- Table 14. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size. 83
- Table 15. Blue biotechnology companies. 85
- Table 16. Market trends and drivers in white biotechnology. 86
- Table 17.Industry challenges and restraints in white biotechnology. 89
- Table 18. White biotechnology key application sectors and products. 97
- Table 19. Comparison of biofuels. 98
- Table 20. Categories and examples of solid biofuel. 100
- Table 21. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity. 103
- Table 22. Classification of biomass feedstock. 103
- Table 23. Biorefinery feedstocks. 104
- Table 24. Feedstock conversion pathways. 105
- Table 25. First-Generation Feedstocks. 105
- Table 26. Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities. 108
- Table 27. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins. 109
- Table 28. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes 110
- Table 29. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol. 112
- Table 30. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae. 114
- Table 31. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops. 115
- Table 32. Biofuels made from white biotechnology. 121
- Table 33. Processes in bioethanol production. 127
- Table 34. Microorganisms used in CBP for ethanol production from biomass lignocellulosic. 129
- Table 35. Biodiesel by generation. 130
- Table 36. Biodiesel production techniques. 132
- Table 37. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process. 132
- Table 38. Biogas feedstocks. 136
- Table 39. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel. 139
- Table 40. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel. 140
- Table 41. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities. 142
- Table 42. Algae-derived biofuel producers. 146
- Table 43. Markets and applications for biohydrogen. 147
- Table 44. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways. 148
- Table 45. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas. 154
- Table 46. Biobased MEG producers capacities. 175
- Table 47. Other types of bio-based chemicals. 180
- Table 48. Bioplastics and bioplastic precursors synthesized via white biotechnology. 181
- Table 49. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications. 183
- Table 50. PLA producers and production capacities. 184
- Table 51.Types of PHAs and properties. 188
- Table 52. Comparison of the physical properties of different PHAs with conventional petroleum-based polymers. 190
- Table 53. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extraction methods. 192
- Table 54. Commercially available PHAs. 194
- Table 55. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies. 199
- Table 56. Applications of white biotechnology in bioremediation and environmental remediation. 202
- Table 57. Biofertilizer companies. 212
- Table 57. Biopesticides companies. 215
- Table 57. Biostimulants companies. 218
- Table 57. Crop biotechnology companies. 222
- Table 58. Pharmaceutical applications of white biotechnology. 231
- Table 59. Applications of white biotechnology in the cosmetics industry. 234
- Table 60. Sustainable biomanufacturing of surfactants and detergents. 236
- Table 61. Global revenues for white biotechnology, by market, 2018-2034 (Billion USD). 241
- Table 62. Global revenues for white biotechnology, by region, 2018-2034 (Billion USD). 242
- Table 63. White biotechnology Glossary of Acronyms. 397
- Table 64. White biotechnology Glossary of Terms. 398
List of Figures
- Figure 1. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing. 44
- Figure 2. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering. 47
- Figure 3. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems. 49
- Figure 4. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis. 51
- Figure 5. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process. 66
- Figure 6. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels. 67
- Figure 7. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix. 84
- Figure 8. SWOT analysis: white biotechnology. 93
- Figure 9. Market map: white biotechnology. 95
- Figure 10. Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals. 110
- Figure 11. Hydrolytic lignin powder. 113
- Figure 12. Range of biomass cost by feedstock type. 118
- Figure 13. Overview of biogas utilization. 134
- Figure 14. Biogas and biomethane pathways. 135
- Figure 15. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production. 137
- Figure 16. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production. 144
- Figure 17. Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels. 147
- Figure 18. Properties of petrol and biobutanol. 151
- Figure 19. Biobutanol production route. 151
- Figure 20. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks. 154
- Figure 21. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading. 155
- Figure 22. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation. 156
- Figure 23. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process. 157
- Figure 24. Overview of Toray process. Overview of process 165
- Figure 25. Potential industrial uses of 3-hydroxypropanoic acid. 173
- Figure 26. PHA family. 188
- Figure 27. Bold Cultr from General Mills. 209
- Figure 28. AlgiKicks sneaker, made with the Algiknit biopolymer gel. 226
- Figure 29. BioMason cement. 238
- Figure 30. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc. 239
- Figure 31. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam. 239
- Figure 32. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials. 240
- Figure 33. Global revenues for white biotechnology, by market, 2018-2034 (Billion USD). 241
- Figure 34. Global revenues for white biotechnology, by region, 2018-2034 (Billion USD). 243
- Figure 35. Algiknit yarn. 250
- Figure 36. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA. 265
- Figure 37. Domsjö process. 292
- Figure 38. PHA production process. 306
- Figure 39. Loam Bio microbes. 323
- Figure 40. TransLeather. 326
- Figure 41. Reishi. 338
- Figure 42. Compostable water pod. 348
- Figure 43. Precision Photosynthesis™ technology. 361
- Figure 44. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process. 363
- Figure 45. Lyocell process. 371
- Figure 46. Spider silk production. 376
- Figure 47. Corbion FDCA production process. 386
- Figure 48. The Proesa® Process. 391
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To purchase by invoice (bank transfer) contact info@futuremarketsinc.com or select Bank Transfer (Invoice) as a payment method at checkout.