Carbon Fibers, Carbon Black, Graphite, Biochar, Carbon Nanomaterials (Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes, Carbon Nanofibers, Fullerenes, Nanodiamonds, Graphene Quantum Dots), Carbon Foam, Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) Coatings.
Published May 2023 | 940 pages, 147 figures, 105 tables | Download table of contents
The Global Market for Advanced Carbon Materials is an essential resource for anyone involved in the materials industry. Advanced Carbon Materials such as carbon fibers, carbon black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, etc., possess unique mechanical, electrical, biological and chemical properties that have led to a variety of applications in electronics, energy storage, catalysis, filtration and sensing. The report provides extensive proprietary data on advanced carbon materials capacity, capacity utilization, production, trade, demand, applications, market share, and pricing.
Advanced Carbon Materials covered in this report include:
- Carbon fibers.
- Carbon black.
- Graphite.
- Graphene.
- Biochar.
- Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes.
- Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes.
- Fullerenes.
- Nanodiamonds.
- Graphene quantum dots.
- Carbon Foam.
- Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings.
Report contents include:
- Market drivers and trends.
- Properties and synthesis methods.
- Market segment analysis. Markets covered include carbon capture & utilization, composites, electrochemical energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors), sensors, thermal management, adsorption, electromagnetic shielding, catalyst support, sensors and more.
- Price and price drivers.
- Market consumption of advanced carbon materials, by type.
- Production capacities, current and planned by material.
- 965 company profiles. Companies profiled include BC Biocarbon, Cabot Corporation, Carba, Carbitex, Dark Black Carbon, GrafTech International, Gratomic, Graphenea, Haydale Graphene Industries, Hexcel Corporation, Huntsman Corporation, Ibiden Co., Ltd., JEIO, LG Chem, Leading Edge Materials, , Li-S Energy, Mattershift, Mitsubishi Chemical Carbon Fiber and Composites, Inc., Mersen, LLC, NextSource Materials, Nippon Techno-Carbon Co., Ltd., Teijin, UMATEX, Nanocyl SA, OCSiAl, Perpetual Next, Renergi, SEC Carbon, SGL Group, Showa Denko, Syrah Resources, Versarien and Zeon Corporation.
What you will receive:
- Report by email (PDF)-print option also available.
- Comprehensive Excel spreadsheet of all the data.
- Mid-year update.
1 THE ADVANCED CARBON MATERIALS MARKET 43
- 1.1 Market overview 43
- 1.2 Role of advanced carbon materials in the green transition 43
2 CARBON FIBERS 44
- 2.1 Properties of carbon fibers 45
- 2.1.1 Types by modulus 47
- 2.1.2 Types by the secondary processing 47
- 2.2 Precursor material types 48
- 2.2.1 PAN: Polyacrylonitrile 49
- 2.2.1.1 Spinning 50
- 2.2.1.2 Stabilizing 50
- 2.2.1.3 Carbonizing 51
- 2.2.1.4 Surface treatment 51
- 2.2.1.5 Sizing 51
- 2.2.1.6 Pitch-based carbon fibers 51
- 2.2.1.7 Isotropic pitch 52
- 2.2.1.8 Mesophase pitch 53
- 2.2.1.9 Viscose (Rayon)-based carbon fibers 54
- 2.2.1 PAN: Polyacrylonitrile 49
- 2.3 Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) 54
- 2.3.1 Applications 54
- 2.4 Key players 56
- 2.5 Global carbon fiber demand 2016-2033, by industry (MT) 57
- 2.6 Global carbon fiber revenues 2016-2033, by industry (billions USD) 59
- 2.7 Global carbon fiber demand 2016-2033, by region (MT) 60
- 2.8 Market drivers and trends 62
- 2.9 Market challenges 62
- 2.10 Future trends 63
- 2.11 Production capacities 64
- 2.11.1 Annual capacity, by producer 64
- 2.11.2 Market share, by capacity 65
- 2.12 Company profiles 67
- 2.12.1 Carbon fiber producers 67 (29 company profiles)
- 2.12.2 Carbon Fiber composite producers 90 (62 company profiles)
- 2.12.3 Carbon fiber recyclers 137 (16 company profiles)
3 CARBON BLACK 152
- 3.1 Commercially available carbon black 152
- 3.2 Properties 153
- 3.2.1 Particle size distribution 154
- 3.2.2 Structure-Aggregate size 154
- 3.2.3 Surface chemistry 155
- 3.2.4 Agglomerates 156
- 3.2.5 Colour properties 156
- 3.2.6 Porosity 157
- 3.2.7 Physical form 157
- 3.3 Manufacturing processes 158
- 3.4 Global market for carbon black 159
- 3.4.1 Global demand in tons 2014-2033 161
- 3.4.2 Global demand in tons, by region 2014-2033 162
- 3.4.3 Traditional markets 162
- 3.4.3.1 Tires and automotive 162
- 3.4.3.2 Non-Tire Rubber (Industrial rubber) 165
- 3.4.4 Growth markets 167
- 3.4.5 Market supply chain 167
- 3.4.6 Green carbon black 169
- 3.4.7 Specialty carbon black 169
- 3.4.7.1 Global market size for specialty CB 171
- 3.4.8 Recovered carbon black (rCB) 172
- 3.5 Pricing 173
- 3.5.1 Feedstock 173
- 3.5.2 Commercial carbon black 173
- 3.6 Key players 177
- 3.7 Market share analysis 178
- 3.8 Company profiles 180 (36 company profiles)
4 GRAPHITE 198
- 4.1 Types of graphite 198
- 4.1.1 Natural vs synthetic graphite 199
- 4.2 Natural graphite 201
- 4.2.1 Classification 202
- 4.2.2 Processing 203
- 4.2.3 Flake 204
- 4.2.3.1 Grades 204
- 4.2.3.2 Applications 205
- 4.2.3.3 Spherical graphite 207
- 4.2.3.4 Expandable graphite 207
- 4.2.4 Amorphous graphite 208
- 4.2.4.1 Applications 209
- 4.2.5 Crystalline vein graphite 209
- 4.2.5.1 Applications 210
- 4.3 Synthetic graphite 210
- 4.3.1 Classification 211
- 4.3.1.1 Primary synthetic graphite 212
- 4.3.1.2 Secondary synthetic graphite 212
- 4.3.2 Processing 212
- 4.3.2.1 Processing for battery anodes 213
- 4.3.3 Issues with synthetic graphite production 213
- 4.3.4 Isostatic Graphite 214
- 4.3.4.1 Description 214
- 4.3.4.2 Markets 215
- 4.3.4.3 Producers and production capacities 215
- 4.3.5 Graphite electrodes 216
- 4.3.6 Extruded Graphite 217
- 4.3.7 Vibration Molded Graphite 218
- 4.3.8 Die-molded graphite 219
- 4.3.1 Classification 211
- 4.4 New technologies 219
- 4.5 Recycling of graphite materials 220
- 4.6 Applications of graphite 220
- 4.7 Graphite pricing (ton) 222
- 4.7.1 Pricing in 2023 223
- 4.8 Global market and production of graphite 225
- 4.8.1 Global mine production and reserves of natural graphite 226
- 4.8.2 Global graphite production in tonnes, 2016-2022 227
- 4.8.3 Estimated global graphite production in tonnes, 2023-2033 228
- 4.8.4 Synthetic graphite supply 230
- 4.8.5 Global market demand for graphite by end use market 2016-2033, tonnes 231
- 4.8.5.1 Natural graphite 232
- 4.8.5.2 Synthetic graphite 232
- 4.8.6 Demand for graphite by end use markets, 2022 234
- 4.8.7 Demand for graphite by end use markets, 2033 235
- 4.8.8 Demand by region 237
- 4.8.9 Main market players 237
- 4.8.9.1 Natural graphite 238
- 4.8.9.2 Synthetic graphite 238
- 4.8.10 Market supply chain 240
- 4.9 Company profiles 242 (95 company profiles)
5 BIOCHAR 325
- 5.1 Biochar production 325
- 5.1.1 Feedstocks 326
- 5.1.2 Production technologies 326
- 5.2 Markets for biochar 327
- 5.2.1 Agriculture 327
- 5.2.2 Construction materials 328
- 5.2.3 Soil and water treatment 329
- 5.2.4 Carbon capture 329
- 5.2.5 Other 330
- 5.3 Global revenues 330
- 5.4 Company profiles 331 (44 company profiles)
6 GRAPHENE 353
- 6.1 Types of graphene 353
- 6.2 Properties 354
- 6.3 Graphene market challenges 355
- 6.4 Graphene producers 357
- 6.4.1 Production capacities 357
- 6.5 Price and price drivers 359
- 6.5.1 Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene 362
- 6.5.2 Few-Layer graphene pricing 363
- 6.5.3 Graphene nanoplatelets pricing 364
- 6.5.4 Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing 365
- 6.5.5 Multilayer graphene (MLG) pricing 367
- 6.5.6 Graphene ink 367
- 6.6 Global demand 2018-2033, tons 368
- 6.6.1 By market 374
- 6.6.2 By region 375
- 6.6.2.1 Asia-Pacific 375
- 6.6.2.2 North America 378
- 6.6.2.3 Europe 380
- 6.7 Company profiles 382 (336 company profiles)
7 CARBON NANOTUBES 660
- 7.1 Properties 661
- 7.1.1 Comparative properties of CNTs 662
- 7.2 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 662
- 7.2.1 Applications and TRL 663
- 7.2.2 Producers 667
- 7.2.2.1 Production capacities 667
- 7.2.3 Price and price drivers 668
- 7.2.4 Global demand 2018-2033, tons 670
- 7.2.5 Company profiles 673 (131 company profiles)
- 7.3 Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) 780
- 7.3.1 Properties 780
- 7.3.2 Applications 781
- 7.3.3 Production capacities 783
- 7.3.4 Company profiles 785 (19 company profiles)
- 7.4 Other types 806
- 7.4.1 Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) 806
- 7.4.1.1 Properties 806
- 7.4.1.2 Applications 806
- 7.4.2 Vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs) 807
- 7.4.2.1 Properties 807
- 7.4.2.2 Applications 807
- 7.4.3 Few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs) 808
- 7.4.3.1 Properties 808
- 7.4.3.2 Applications 808
- 7.4.4 Carbon Nanohorns (CNHs) 808
- 7.4.4.1 Properties 808
- 7.4.4.2 Applications 809
- 7.4.5 Carbon Onions 809
- 7.4.5.1 Properties 809
- 7.4.5.2 Applications 810
- 7.4.6 Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) 810
- 7.4.6.1 Properties 810
- 7.4.6.2 Applications 811
- 7.4.6.3 Production 812
- 7.4.1 Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) 806
8 CARBON NANOFIBERS 813
- 8.1 Properties 813
- 8.2 Synthesis 813
- 8.2.1 Chemical vapor deposition 813
- 8.2.2 Electrospinning 813
- 8.2.3 Template-based 814
- 8.2.4 From biomass 814
- 8.3 Markets 815
- 8.3.1 Batteries 815
- 8.3.2 Supercapacitors 815
- 8.3.3 Fuel cells 815
- 8.3.4 CO2 capture 816
- 8.4 Companies 817 (10 company profiles)
9 FULLERENES 824
- 9.1 Properties 824
- 9.2 Products 825
- 9.3 Markets and applications 826
- 9.4 Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 827
- 9.5 Global consumption in metric tonnes, 2010-2033 827
- 9.5.1 Consumption by market 829
- 9.5.1.1 Market share 2022 (%) 829
- 9.5.1.2 Market Share 2022 (MT) 829
- 9.5.1.3 Market share 2033 (%) 830
- 9.5.1.4 Market Share 2033 (MT) 830
- 9.5.1 Consumption by market 829
- 9.6 Prices 831
- 9.7 Producers 832 (20 company profiles)
10 NANODIAMONDS 844
- 10.1 Types 844
- 10.1.1 Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) 848
- 10.2 Applications 848
- 10.3 Price and price drivers 852
- 10.4 Global demand 2018-2033, tonnes 853
- 10.5 Company profiles 856 (30 company profiles)
11 GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS 885
- 11.1 Comparison to quantum dots 886
- 11.2 Properties 887
- 11.3 Synthesis 887
- 11.3.1 Top-down method 887
- 11.3.2 Bottom-up method 888
- 11.4 Applications 890
- 11.5 Graphene quantum dots pricing 891
- 11.6 Graphene quantum dot producers 892 (9 company profiles)
12 CARBON FOAM 901
- 12.1 Types 901
- 12.1.1 Carbon aerogels 901
- 12.1.1.1 Carbon-based aerogel composites 902
- 12.1.1 Carbon aerogels 901
- 12.2 Properties 902
- 12.3 Applications 904
- 12.4 Company profiles 905 (9 company profiles)
13 DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON (DLC) COATINGS 914
- 13.1 Properties 915
- 13.2 Applications and markets 916
- 13.3 Global market size 917
- 13.4 Company profiles 919 (9 company profiles)
14 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 926
15 REFERENCES 927
List of Tables
- Table 1. The advanced carbon materials market. 43
- Table 2. Classification and types of the carbon fibers. 45
- Table 3. Summary of carbon fiber properties. 46
- Table 4. Modulus classifications of carbon fiber. 47
- Table 5. Comparison of main precursor fibers. 49
- Table 6. Summary of markets and applications for CFRPs. 54
- Table 7. Production capacities of carbon fiber producers, in metric tonnes, current and planned. 56
- Table 8. Market drivers and trends in carbon fibers. 62
- Table 9. Market challenges in the CF and CFRP market. 63
- Table 10. Production capacities of carbon fiber producers, in metric tonnes, current and planned. 64
- Table 11. Main Toray production sites and capacities. 86
- Table 12. Commercially available carbon black grades. 152
- Table 13. Properties of carbon black and influence on performance. 153
- Table 14. Carbon black compounds. 158
- Table 15. Carbon black manufacturing processes, advantages and disadvantages. 158
- Table 16 Global carbon black forecast to 2033. 160
- Table 17: Market drivers for CB in the tire industry. 164
- Table 18. Global market for carbon black in tires (Million metric tons), 2014 to 2033. 164
- Table 19. Carbon black non-tire applications. 165
- Table 20. Global market for carbon black in non-tire rubber (Million metric tons), 2014 to 2033. 166
- Table 21. Market supply chain for carbon black. 167
- Table 22. Specialty carbon black market volume, 2015-2033 (tons). 171
- Table 23 Pricing of carbon black. 173
- Table 24 Carbon black prices. 174
- Table 25 Demand for carbon black, by market, 2014-2025, million metric tons. 175
- Table 26 Global carbon black production and capacity, forecast to 2025. 176
- Table 27: Carbon black market share, by leading producers. 178
- Table 28. Comparison between Natural and Synthetic Graphite. 199
- Table 29. Classification of natural graphite with its characteristics. 202
- Table 30. Characteristics of synthetic graphite. 211
- Table 31: Main markets and applications of isostatic graphite. 215
- Table 32. Current or planned production capacities for isostatic graphite. 215
- Table 33. Main graphite electrode producers and capacities (MT/year). 216
- Table 34. Markets and applications of graphite. 220
- Table 35. Classification, application and price of graphite as a function of size. 223
- Table 36. Estimated global mine Production of natural graphite 2020-2022, by country (tons). 226
- Table 37. Global production of graphite 2016-2022 MT. 227
- Table 38. Estimated global graphite production in tonnes, 2023-2033. 228
- Table 39. Main natural graphite producers. 238
- Table 40. Main synthetic graphite producers. 239
- Table 41. Next Resources graphite flake products. 293
- Table 42. Biochar feedstocks. 326
- Table 43. Biochar production technologies, description, advantages and disadvantages. 326
- Table 44. Markets and applications for biochar. 327
- Table 45. Biochar in carbon capture overview. 329
- Table 46. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof. 354
- Table 47. Graphene market challenges. 355
- Table 48. Main graphene producers by country, annual production capacities, types and main markets they sell into 2020. 357
- Table 49. Types of graphene and typical prices. 361
- Table 50. Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer. 362
- Table 51. Few-layer graphene pricing by producer. 363
- Table 52. Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer. 364
- Table 53. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer. 365
- Table 54. Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer. 367
- Table 55. Graphene ink pricing by producer. 367
- Table 56. Demand for graphene (metric tonnes), 2018-2032. 369
- Table 57. Main graphene producers in North America. 378
- Table 58. Main graphene producers in Europe. 380
- Table 59. Performance criteria of energy storage devices. 655
- Table 60. Typical properties of SWCNT and MWCNT. 661
- Table 61. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials. 662
- Table 62. Applications of MWCNTs. 663
- Table 63. Annual production capacity of the key MWCNT producers. 667
- Table 64. Carbon nanotubes pricing (MWCNTS, SWCNT etc.) by producer. 668
- Table 65. Properties of carbon nanotube paper. 771
- Table 66. Comparative properties of MWCNT and SWCNT. 780
- Table 67. Markets, benefits and applications of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. 781
- Table 68. Annual production capacity of SWCNT producers. 783
- Table 69. SWCNT market demand forecast (metric tons), 2018-2033. 784
- Table 70. Chasm SWCNT products. 786
- Table 71. Thomas Swan SWCNT production. 802
- Table 72. Comparative properties of BNNTs and CNTs. 811
- Table 73. Applications of BNNTs. 811
- Table 74. Comparison of synthesis methods for carbon nanofibers. 814
- Table 75. Market overview for fullerenes-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 824
- Table 76. Types of fullerenes and applications. 825
- Table 77. Products incorporating fullerenes. 825
- Table 78. Markets, benefits and applications of fullerenes. 826
- Table 79. Global consumption of fullerenes in metric tonnes, 2010-2033. 827
- Table 80. Fullerenes Market Share 2021 (MT). 829
- Table 81. Fullerenes Market Share 2032 (MT). 830
- Table 82. Example prices of fullerenes. 831
- Table 83. Properties of nanodiamonds. 846
- Table 84. Summary of types of NDS and production methods-advantages and disadvantages. 847
- Table 85. Markets, benefits and applications of nanodiamonds. 848
- Table 86. Pricing of nanodiamonds, by producer/distributor. 852
- Table 87. Demand for nanodiamonds (metric tonnes), 2018-2033. 853
- Table 88. Production methods, by main ND producers. 856
- Table 89. Adamas Nanotechnologies, Inc. nanodiamond product list. 858
- Table 90. Carbodeon Ltd. Oy nanodiamond product list. 862
- Table 91. Daicel nanodiamond product list. 865
- Table 92. FND Biotech Nanodiamond product list. 867
- Table 93. JSC Sinta nanodiamond product list. 872
- Table 94. Plasmachem product list and applications. 879
- Table 95. Ray-Techniques Ltd. nanodiamonds product list. 881
- Table 96. Comparison of ND produced by detonation and laser synthesis. 881
- Table 97. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs. 886
- Table 98. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for preparing GQDs. 889
- Table 99. Applications of graphene quantum dots. 890
- Table 100. Prices for graphene quantum dots. 891
- Table 101. Properties of carbon foam materials. 903
- Table 102. Applications of carbon foams. 904
- Table 103. Properties of Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings. 915
- Table 104. Applications and markets for Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings. 916
- Table 105. Global revenues for DLC coatings, 2018-2033 (Billion USD). 917
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Manufacturing process of PAN type carbon fibers. 50
- Figure 2. Production processes for pitch-based carbon fibers. 53
- Figure 3. Global carbon fiber demand 2016-2033, by industry (MT). 58
- Figure 4. Global carbon fiber revenues 2016-2033, by industry (MT). 59
- Figure 5. Global carbon fiber revenues 2016-2033, by region (MT). 61
- Figure 6. Carbon fiber manufacturing capacity in 2022, by company (metric tonnes) 66
- Figure 7. Neustark modular plant. 79
- Figure 8. 9T Labs' Red Series. 91
- Figure 9. 3D printed component. 91
- Figure 10. Continuous carbon fiber part. 97
- Figure 11. Speedland SL:PDX trail shoe incorporating carbon fiber plate. 101
- Figure 12. Carbon 1 MK II. 103
- Figure 13. CR-9 carbon fibre wheel. 104
- Figure 14. The Continuous Kinetic Mixing system. 110
- Figure 15. CBAM-2 3D printer. 116
- Figure 16. Thermoplastic CFRP single aisle pressure bulkhead demonstrator. 126
- Figure 17. Rein4ced carbon mountain bike hardtails. 127
- Figure 18. Recycled carbon fibers obtained through the R3FIBER process. 139
- Figure 19. Compression molded automotive floorboard. 141
- Figure 20. Chemical decomposition process of polyurethane foam. 147
- Figure 21. Electron microscope image of carbon black. 153
- Figure 22. Different shades of black, depending on the surface of Carbon Black. 154
- Figure 23. Structure- Aggregate Size/Shape Distribution. 155
- Figure 24. Surface Chemistry – Surface Functionality Distribution. 156
- Figure 25. Sequence of structure development of Carbon Black. 156
- Figure 26. Carbon Black pigment in Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer. 157
- Figure 27. Global market for carbon black in 2022, by end user market. 160
- Figure 28. Global market for carbon black (metric tons), 2014 to 2033. 161
- Figure 29. Global market for carbon black (metric tons), 2014 to 2033, by region. 162
- Figure 30 Break-down of raw materials (by weight) used in a tire. 163
- Figure 31. Global market for carbon black in non-tire rubber (Million metric tons), 2014 to 2033. 166
- Figure 32. Applications of specialty carbon black. 169
- Figure 33. Specialty carbon black market volume, 2015-2033 (tons). 172
- Figure 34 Demand for carbon black, by market, 2014-2025, million metric tons. 175
- Figure 35 Global carbon black production and capacity, forecast to 2025.. 177
- Figure 36 Main global rubber carbon black producers market share by capacity. 179
- Figure 37. Comparison of SEM micrographs of sphere-shaped natural graphite (NG; after several processing steps) and synthetic graphite (SG). 199
- Figure 38. Overview of graphite production, processing and applications. 201
- Figure 39. Flake graphite. 204
- Figure 40. Applications of flake graphite. 206
- Figure 41. Amorphous graphite. 209
- Figure 42. Vein graphite. 210
- Figure 43: Isostatic pressed graphite. 214
- Figure 44. Global market for graphite EAFs, 2018-2033 (MT). 217
- Figure 45. Extruded graphite rod. 218
- Figure 46. Vibration Molded Graphite. 218
- Figure 47. Die-molded graphite products. 219
- Figure 48. Price of fine flake graphite 2022-2023. 224
- Figure 49. Price of spherical graphite, 2022-2023. 225
- Figure 50. Global production of graphite 2016-2022 MT. 228
- Figure 51. Estimated global graphite production in tonnes, 2023-2033. 230
- Figure 52. Global market demand for natural graphite by end use market 2016-2033, tonnes. 232
- Figure 53. Global market demand for synthetic graphite by end use market 2016-2033, tonnes. 233
- Figure 54. Consumption of graphite by end use markets, 2022. 235
- Figure 55. Demand for graphite by end use markets, 2033. 236
- Figure 56. Global consumption of graphite by type and region, 2022 237
- Figure 57. Graphite market supply chain (battery market). 242
- Figure 58. Schematic of biochar production. 325
- Figure 59. Global revenues for biochar 2018-2033 (millions USD), by market. 330
- Figure 60. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene. 354
- Figure 61. Demand for graphene, 2018-2033, metric tonnes. 370
- Figure 62. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons), conservative estimate. 372
- Figure 63. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons). Medium estimate. 373
- Figure 64. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons). High estimate. 373
- Figure 65. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons). 375
- Figure 66. Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2022. 375
- Figure 67. Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2022. 376
- Figure 68. Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific. 377
- Figure 69. Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2021. 379
- Figure 70. Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2021. 381
- Figure 71. Graphene heating films. 382
- Figure 72. Graphene flake products. 388
- Figure 73. AIKA Black-T. 393
- Figure 74. Printed graphene biosensors. 403
- Figure 75. Brain Scientific electrode schematic. 426
- Figure 76. Graphene battery schematic. 454
- Figure 77. Dotz Nano GQD products. 455
- Figure 78. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell. 462
- Figure 79. Proprietary atmospheric CVD production. 474
- Figure 80. Wearable sweat sensor. 512
- Figure 81. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination. 519
- Figure 82. Sensor surface. 536
- Figure 83. BioStamp nPoint. 554
- Figure 84. Nanotech Energy battery. 575
- Figure 85. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept. 578
- Figure 86. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite. 579
- Figure 87. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production. 580
- Figure 88. TEM images of carbon nanobrush. 581
- Figure 89. Test performance after 6 weeks ACT II according to Scania STD4445. 596
- Figure 90. Quantag GQDs and sensor. 598
- Figure 91. The Sixth Element graphene products. 613
- Figure 92. Thermal conductive graphene film. 614
- Figure 93. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint. 626
- Figure 94. T-FORCE CARDEA ZERO. 630
- Figure 95. Market demand for carbon nanotubes by market, 2018-2033 (tons). 672
- Figure 96. Demand for MWCNT by application in 2021. 672
- Figure 97. Demand for MWCNT by region in 2021. 672
- Figure 98. AWN Nanotech water harvesting prototype. 677
- Figure 99. Carbonics, Inc.’s carbon nanotube technology. 693
- Figure 100. Fuji carbon nanotube products. 704
- Figure 101. Internal structure of carbon nanotube adhesive sheet. 705
- Figure 102. Carbon nanotube adhesive sheet. 706
- Figure 103. Cup Stacked Type Carbon Nano Tubes schematic. 709
- Figure 104. CSCNT composite dispersion. 709
- Figure 105. Flexible CNT CMOS integrated circuits with sub-10 nanoseconds stage delays. 715
- Figure 106. Koatsu Gas Kogyo Co. Ltd CNT product. 720
- Figure 107. Test specimens fabricated using MECHnano’s radiation curable resins modified with carbon nanotubes. 728
- Figure 108. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept. 741
- Figure 109. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite. 742
- Figure 110. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production. 743
- Figure 111. TEM images of carbon nanobrush. 744
- Figure 112. CNT film. 747
- Figure 113. SWCNT market demand forecast (metric tons), 2018-2033. 784
- Figure 114. Schematic of a fluidized bed reactor which is able to scale up the generation of SWNTs using the CoMoCAT process. 787
- Figure 115. Carbon nanotube paint product. 792
- Figure 116. MEIJO eDIPS product. 793
- Figure 117. HiPCO® Reactor. 796
- Figure 118. Smell iX16 multi-channel gas detector chip. 800
- Figure 119. The Smell Inspector. 801
- Figure 120. Toray CNF printed RFID. 804
- Figure 121. Double-walled carbon nanotube bundle cross-section micrograph and model. 806
- Figure 122. Schematic of a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) membrane used for water treatment. 808
- Figure 123. TEM image of FWNTs. 808
- Figure 124. Schematic representation of carbon nanohorns. 809
- Figure 125. TEM image of carbon onion. 810
- Figure 126. Schematic of Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). Alternating B and N atoms are shown in blue and red. 811
- Figure 127. Conceptual diagram of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) (A) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (B) showing typical dimensions of length, width, and separation distance between graphene layers in MWCNTs (Source: JNM). 812
- Figure 128. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for fullerenes. 827
- Figure 129. Global consumption of fullerenes in metric tonnes, 2010-2033. 828
- Figure 130. Fullerenes Market Share 2022 (%). 829
- Figure 131. Fullerenes Market Share 2033 (%). 830
- Figure 132. Detonation Nanodiamond. 844
- Figure 133. DND primary particles and properties. 845
- Figure 134. Functional groups of Nanodiamonds. 846
- Figure 135. Demand for nanodiamonds (metric tonnes), 2018-2033. 855
- Figure 136. NBD battery. 874
- Figure 137. Neomond dispersions. 877
- Figure 138. Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots. 885
- Figure 139. Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4). 886
- Figure 140. Graphene quantum dots. 888
- Figure 141. Top-down and bottom-up methods. 889
- Figure 142. Dotz Nano GQD products. 892
- Figure 143. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination. 896
- Figure 144. Quantag GQDs and sensor. 898
- Figure 145. Schematic of typical microstructure of carbon foam: (a) open-cell, (b) closed-cell. 901
- Figure 146. Classification of DLC coatings. 915
- Figure 147. Global revenues for DLC coatings, 2018-2033 (Billion USD). 918
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