The advanced battery recycling market is in the middle of a structural transition from a small, consumer-electronics-driven activity into critical infrastructure for the battery supply chain — and it is passing through a painful commercial shakeout on the way. Recent developments have been dominated by financial rationalisation rather than technology. Li-Cycle entered creditor protection in 2025 and its assets were acquired by Glencore. Lithion Technologies entered CCAA protection in October 2025. Ascend Elements — the most heavily capitalised North American pure-play — filed for Chapter 11 in April 2026 after burning through close to $900 million and losing federal grant support; its Covington, Georgia plant was acquired by R3 Lithium and restarted in September 2026 on a deliberately narrow lithium-carbonate-only strategy. The common failure mode in the advanced battery recycling market was capacity built ahead of contracted feedstock, into falling metal prices and reversible policy support.
Meanwhile, operators with narrower scope or diversified revenue are scaling. Redwood Materials expanded in South Carolina. Blue Whale Materials completed its integrated line at Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Cylib is commissioning 30,000 t/yr at Dormagen. BASF partnered with TSR Group on European pre-treatment and logistics. Princeton NuEnergy formalised its Honda collaboration through a January 2026 MOU. Asia continues to dominate: China holds roughly 65% of operational capacity, while India and Malaysia are building regional hubs. The advanced battery recycling market outlook is one of volume certainty and margin pressure — regulation sets the floor with EU recovered-content thresholds stepping up in 2031 and 2036, digital battery passports arriving in February 2027, and beyond-Li-ion chemistries reaching roughly 28% of revenues by 2046.
Advanced Battery Recycling Market Report 2027-2046 — Key Coverage Areas
- Li-ion Battery Recycling Technologies — hydrometallurgy (leaching, solvent extraction, precipitation); pyrometallurgy (high-temperature smelting for Co, Ni, Cu recovery); direct recycling (cathode rejuvenation and relithiation); and hybrid hydrometallurgical-direct routes — with SWOT analyses, process flow diagrams, and cost comparisons for each method
- Emerging Recycling Technologies — mechanochemical pre-treatment, electrochemical methods, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical CO₂ electrolyte extraction, flash Joule heating, carbothermal and microwave roasting, lithium-first selective extraction, ammoniacal leaching, electrohydraulic fragmentation, plasma-assisted separation, and bioleaching — with technology readiness assessments for all 24 process routes
- Beyond-Li-ion Battery Recycling — solid-state (sulfide, oxide, polymer), sodium-ion (PBA cathodes, hard carbon anodes), lithium-metal, lithium-sulfur, vanadium redox flow (electrolyte recovery), sodium-sulfur, zinc-based, and aluminium-ion batteries — with material composition, recovery economics, and end-of-life timing modelled for each chemistry
- Chemistry Mix Transition — the shift from high-value NMC/NCA to LFP-dominated feedstock; the economic implications of falling cobalt and nickel content per tonne processed; lithium-first process design as the strategic response; and gate-fee and service revenue models compensating for margin pressure
- Regulatory Framework — EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 recovered-content thresholds and digital battery passports from February 2027; China’s EPR and traceability platform; US IRA 45X and DOE programmes; India, South Korea, Japan, Australia; PFAS and binder regulation including PVDF versus water-based alternatives
- Global Capacity Analysis — facility-by-facility assessment of installed and planned recycling capacity; OEM–recycler supply and offtake agreements tracker; and competitive landscape analysis covering China (65% of capacity), Europe, North America, and Rest of Asia-Pacific
- 119 Company Profiles — recyclers, technology developers, cell manufacturers, automotive OEMs, and metals majors including Redwood Materials, Blue Whale Materials, Cylib, Glencore, CATL, R3 Lithium, Princeton NuEnergy, Cirba Solutions, and 110 more
- 20-Year Forecasts — advanced battery recycling market volume (ktonnes) and revenue ($B) annually from 2027 through 2046 by cathode chemistry (NMC by grade, NCA, LFP, LCO, LMO), end-use application (EV, e-mobility, grid storage, consumer electronics, industrial), processing route, and region; plus beyond-Li-ion chemistry forecasts; and revenue per tonne processed by chemistry for 2025, 2035, and 2046
The advanced battery recycling market report is the most detailed and commercially grounded analysis of the global battery recycling industry available — essential reading for recyclers, cell manufacturers, automotive OEMs, metals companies, equipment suppliers, investors, and policymakers.
Ideal for battery recyclers, cell manufacturers, automotive OEMs, mining companies, equipment suppliers, and battery supply chain investors.
cover
- Published: September 2026
- Pages: 284
- Tables: 59
- Figures: 42
The advanced rechargeable battery recycling market is in the middle of a structural transition from a small, consumer-electronics-driven activity into critical infrastructure for the battery supply chain — and it is passing through a painful commercial shakeout on the way. Recent developments have been dominated by financial rationalisation rather than technology. Li-Cycle entered creditor protection in 2025 and its assets were acquired by Glencore. Lithion Technologies entered CCAA protection in October 2025. Ascend Elements, the most heavily capitalised North American pure-play, filed for Chapter 11 in April 2026 after burning through close to $900 million and losing federal grant support; its Covington, Georgia plant was acquired by R3 Lithium and restarted in September 2026 on a deliberately narrow lithium-carbonate-only strategy. The common failure mode was capacity built ahead of contracted feedstock, into falling metal prices and reversible policy support.
Meanwhile, operators with narrower scope or diversified revenue are scaling. Redwood Materials expanded in South Carolina; Blue Whale Materials completed its integrated line at Bartlesville, Oklahoma, lifting capacity toward 20,000 t/yr; cylib is commissioning 30,000 t/yr at Dormagen; BASF partnered with TSR Group on European pre-treatment and logistics; and Princeton NuEnergy formalised its long-running Honda collaboration through a January 2026 MOU. Asia continues to dominate: China holds roughly 65% of operational capacity, while India and Malaysia are building regional hubs through ventures such as NAN Silox GreenMet and EcoNiLi.
The defining commercial problem is chemistry mix. The outlook is one of volume certainty and margin pressure. Regulation increasingly sets the floor: EU recovered-content thresholds step up in 2031 and 2036, digital battery passports arrive in February 2027, and EU-funded research suggests recycling could substitute up to 56% of Europe's primary critical raw material demand by 2050. Beyond-Li-ion chemistries — solid-state, sodium-ion, vanadium flow — remain small today but reach roughly 28% of revenues by 2046, and process development must begin well ahead of that volume curve.
The Advanced Battery Recycling Market 2027–2046 is a comprehensive, data-led assessment of the global market for recycling lithium-ion and beyond-lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, covering volumes, revenues, technologies, regulation, regional markets and the competitive landscape across a twenty-year forecast horizon. The report is written for a market that has changed decisively since 2024. The insolvencies of Li-Cycle, Lithion Technologies and Ascend Elements have reset investor expectations and demonstrated that technology alone does not create a viable recycling business. At the same time, the chemistry mix entering the recycling stream is shifting hard toward LFP, eroding the cobalt- and nickel-driven economics on which the first generation of recyclers was built. This report quantifies both effects and models what replaces them: lithium-first process design, hybrid hydrometallurgical-direct routes, gate-fee and service revenue models, and regulation-driven demand for recycled content.
Forecasts are provided annually from 2027 to 2046, segmented by cathode chemistry (NMC by grade, NCA, LFP, LCO, LMO and others), by end-use application (EV, e-mobility, grid storage, consumer electronics, industrial), by processing route (pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, direct and hybrid recycling), and by region (China, Europe, North America, Rest of Asia-Pacific, Rest of World). Parallel forecasts cover beyond-Li-ion chemistries — solid-state, sodium-ion, lithium-metal, lithium-sulfur, vanadium redox flow, zinc-based, sodium-sulfur and aluminium-ion — with recovery economics, material composition and end-of-life timing modelled for each.
Technology coverage spans the full processing chain from collection and safe transport through discharge, dismantling, mechanical pre-treatment and black mass production to metal recovery and cathode regeneration, with technology readiness assessments for twenty-four process routes including plasma-assisted direct recycling, deep eutectic solvents, bioleaching, supercritical CO₂ electrolyte extraction, flash Joule heating and selective lithium-first extraction.
The report also assesses global installed and planned capacity facility by facility, tracks OEM–recycler supply and offtake agreements, and analyses the regulatory architecture shaping demand: the EU Battery Regulation's recovered-content thresholds, digital battery passports from 2027, China's traceability requirements, US critical minerals policy, and emerging extended producer responsibility frameworks in India and Southeast Asia.
More than 115 company profiles cover recyclers, technology developers, cell manufacturers, automotive OEMs and metals majors, with process descriptions, capacity, funding, partnerships and commercial status. The report is intended for recyclers, cell and cathode manufacturers, automotive OEMs, metals and mining companies, equipment suppliers, investors and policymakers.
Contents include:
- Introduction — battery technology landscape; Li-ion cell construction, cathode and anode chemistries; degradation, failure and end-of-life; the EV market and replacement pack market; second life and repurposing; the recycling value chain; circular life cycle; the emergence of post-Li-ion chemistries.
- Regulation and policy — EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 recovered-content thresholds and battery passports; China's EPR and traceability platform; US IRA, 45X and DOE programmes; India, South Korea, Japan, Australia; transport and hazardous-goods rules; PFAS and binder regulation.
- Recycling technologies — collection and logistics; discharge and dismantling; mechanical pre-treatment, sieving, flotation and eddy current separation; black mass specification and trade; pyrometallurgy; hydrometallurgy and solvent extraction; direct and hybrid recycling; relithiation and cathode regeneration; emerging methods (mechanochemical, electrochemical, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, bioleaching, supercritical CO₂, flash Joule heating, carbothermal and microwave roasting, lithium-first extraction, ammoniacal leaching, electrohydraulic fragmentation, plasma-assisted routes); component-level recovery of graphite, electrolyte, copper, aluminium and binders; TRL assessment; SWOT analyses by route.
- Beyond-Li-ion recycling — sodium-ion, solid-state, lithium-metal, lithium-sulfur, vanadium redox flow, zinc-based, sodium-sulfur and aluminium-ion: composition, recovery routes, economics per tonne, deployment-to-end-of-life timing and market forecasts.
- Market analysis — drivers and challenges; economics of recycling by chemistry; feedstock (production scrap vs end-of-life); black mass pricing; gate fees and service models; second-life competition; partnerships and offtake agreements; global capacities current and planned; competitive landscape; future outlook.
- Market forecasts 2027–2046 — volumes and revenues by chemistry, application, process route and region; revenue per tonne processed; recycled content supply against EU and US targets.
- Company profiles — 119 profiles with technology, capacity, funding, partnerships and status including 24M, 4R Energy Corporation, American Battery Technology Company (ABTC), ACE Green Recycling, Accurec Recycling, Advanced Battery Recycle (ABR), AE Elemental, Altilium, Allye Energy, Anhua Taisen, Akkuser Oy, Aqua Metals, Achelous Pure Metal, Ascend Elements, Attero Recycling, Back to Battery, BASF, Battery Pollution Technologies, Batrec Industrie, Battri, Batx Energies, Blue Whale, BMW, Botree Cycling, CATL, CELLCIRCLE, Cellcycle, Cirba Solutions, Circunomics, Cylib, Dowa Eco-System, Duesenfeld, EcoNiLi Battery, EcoPro, Electra Battery Materials, Emulsion Flow Technologies, Energy Source, Enim, Eramet, ExPost Technology, Faradion, Farasis Energy, Fortum Battery Recycling, Ganfeng Lithium, Ganzhou Cyclewell Technology, GEM Co., GLC Recycle, Glencore, Gotion, Graphite One and more.....
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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 14
- 1.1 Overview 14
- 1.2 The Li-ion Battery Recycling Market in 2026 15
- 1.3 Global Market Forecasts to 2046 16
- 1.4 Market Drivers 18
- 1.5 Financial rationalisation 19
- 1.6 Consolidation continued through 2026 20
- 1.7 Secondary supply 20
- 1.8 TRL Positioning of Advanced Battery Technologies 21
2 INTRODUCTION 23
- 2.1 Battery Technology Landscape Overview 23
- 2.2 Lithium-ion batteries 24
- 2.2.1 What is a Li-ion battery? 26
- 2.2.2 Li-ion cathode 28
- 2.2.3 Li-ion anode 31
- 2.2.4 Cycle life and degradation complexity 31
- 2.2.5 Battery failure 32
- 2.2.6 End-of-life 32
- 2.2.7 Sustainability 34
- 2.3 The Electric Vehicle (EV) market 35
- 2.3.1 Emerging market for replacement battery packs 36
- 2.3.2 Closed-loop value chain for EV batteries 37
- 2.3.3 EV batteries longevity 37
- 2.4 Lithium-Ion Battery recycling value chain 38
- 2.5 LIB Circular life cycle 39
- 2.6 Beyond Li-ion Battery Market Recycling 42
- 2.6.1 The Emergence of Post-Li-ion Chemistries 42
- 2.6.2 Sodium-Ion Battery Commercialisation and End-of-Life Implications 43
- 2.6.3 Solid-State Battery Commercialisation and End-of-Life Implications 44
- 2.7 Global regulations and policies 45
- 2.7.1 China 46
- 2.7.2 EU 47
- 2.7.3 US 47
- 2.7.4 India 48
- 2.7.5 South Korea 48
- 2.7.6 Japan 49
- 2.7.7 Australia 49
- 2.7.8 Transportation 49
- 2.8 Sustainability and environmental benefits 50
3 RECYCLING METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES 51
- 3.1 Overview 51
- 3.2 Black mass powder 52
- 3.3 Recycling different cathode chemistries 53
- 3.4 Preparation 53
- 3.5 Pre-Treatment 53
- 3.5.1 Discharging 53
- 3.5.2 Mechanical Pre-Treatment 54
- 3.5.3 Thermal Pre-Treatment 58
- 3.5.4 Pack-level/module-level shredding 58
- 3.5.5 Sieving, eddy current & flotation methods 58
- 3.6 Comparison of recycling techniques 59
- 3.7 Hydrometallurgy 61
- 3.7.1 Method overview 61
- 3.7.1.1 Solvent extraction 63
- 3.7.2 SWOT analysis 63
- 3.7.1 Method overview 61
- 3.8 Pyrometallurgy 64
- 3.8.1 Method overview 64
- 3.8.2 SWOT analysis 65
- 3.9 Direct recycling 66
- 3.9.1 Method overview 66
- 3.9.1.1 Electrolyte separation 67
- 3.9.1.2 Separating cathode and anode materials 68
- 3.9.1.3 Binder removal 68
- 3.9.1.4 Relithiation 68
- 3.9.1.5 Cathode recovery and rejuvenation 69
- 3.9.1.6 Hydrometallurgical-direct hybrid recycling 69
- 3.9.2 SWOT analysis 75
- 3.9.1 Method overview 66
- 3.10 Other methods 76
- 3.10.1 Mechanochemical Pretreatment 76
- 3.10.2 Electrochemical Method 76
- 3.10.3 Ionic Liquids 76
- 3.10.4 Hybrid hydrometallurgical-direct recycling technologies 77
- 3.10.5 Bioleaching 77
- 3.10.6 Deep Eutectic Solvents 78
- 3.10.7 Supercritical CO₂ Extraction 78
- 3.10.8 Flash Joule Heating 78
- 3.10.9 Carbothermal and Microwave-Assisted Reduction Roasting 79
- 3.10.10 Lithium-First Selective Extraction 79
- 3.10.11 Ammoniacal Leaching 80
- 3.10.12 Electrohydraulic and Electrodynamic Fragmentation 80
- 3.10.13 Plasma-Assisted Separation and Regeneration 81
- 3.11 Recycling of Specific Components 83
- 3.11.1 Anode (Graphite) 83
- 3.11.1.1 Overview 83
- 3.11.1.2 Lab-stage graphite recycling (purity, microwave methods) 84
- 3.11.1.3 Graphite companies 84
- 3.11.2 Cathode 85
- 3.11.3 Electrolyte 85
- 3.11.4 Binder 85
- 3.11.4.1 PVDF 85
- 3.11.4.2 PFAS-free alternatives 86
- 3.11.1 Anode (Graphite) 83
4 RECYCLING OF BEYOND LI-ION BATTERIES 88
- 4.1 Conventional vs Emerging Processes 88
- 4.2 Li-Metal batteries 89
- 4.3 Lithium sulfur batteries (Li–S) 90
- 4.4 All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) 91
- 4.5 Sodium-Ion Battery Recycling 92
- 4.5.1 Overview and Key Differences from Li-ion Recycling 92
- 4.5.2 Na-ion Cell Chemistry and Disassembly Considerations 93
- 4.5.3 Cathode Recycling: Prussian Blue Analogues 93
- 4.5.4 Anode Recycling: Hard Carbon Recovery 94
- 4.5.5 Regulatory Framing 95
- 4.6 Sodium-Sulfur Battery Recycling 95
- 4.6.1 Overview 95
- 4.6.2 Disassembly and Safety Considerations 95
- 4.6.3 Material Recovery 96
- 4.7 Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Electrolyte Recovery 98
- 4.7.1 Overview and Strategic Context 98
- 4.7.2 VRFB Electrolyte Degradation Mechanisms 99
- 4.7.3 Electrolyte Recovery Process 99
- 4.7.4 Non-Electrolyte Component Recovery 100
- 4.7.5 Other Flow Battery Chemistries: End-of-Life Considerations 102
- 4.7.5.1 Zinc-bromine (ZnBr₂) flow batteries 102
- 4.7.5.2 Iron-chromium (Fe-Cr) flow batteries 102
- 4.7.5.3 All-iron flow batteries 102
- 4.7.5.4 Organic flow batteries (quinone-based) 102
- 4.8 Zinc-Based Battery Recycling 103
- 4.8.1 Overview 103
- 4.8.2 Zinc-Ion Battery Recycling 103
- 4.8.2.1 Zinc recovery 103
- 4.8.2.2 Manganese recovery 103
- 4.8.3 Zinc-Air Battery Recycling 103
- 4.9 Aluminium-Ion Battery Recycling 104
- 4.9.1 Overview 104
- 4.9.2 Ionic Liquid Electrolyte: The Key Recycling Challenge 104
5 MARKET ANALYSIS LI-ION RECYCLING 107
- 5.1 Market drivers 107
- 5.2 Market challenges 107
- 5.3 The current market 108
- 5.4 LIB recycler partnerships and supply agreements 109
- 5.5 Economic case for Li-ion battery recycling 112
- 5.5.1 Metal prices 114
- 5.5.2 Second-life energy storage 114
- 5.5.3 LFP batteries 115
- 5.5.4 Other components and materials 115
- 5.5.5 Reducing costs 115
- 5.5.6 Economics by battery chemistry 116
- 5.5.7 Recycling vs second life economics 117
- 5.6 Competitive landscape 118
- 5.7 Supply chain 119
- 5.8 Global capacities, current and planned 120
- 5.9 Future outlook 122
- 5.10 Global market 2018-2046 124
- 5.10.1 Overview 124
- 5.10.2 Chemistry 125
- 5.11 Volume (ktonnes) 128
- 5.11.1 Revenues 131
- 5.11.2 Regional Analysis 135
- 5.11.2.1 China 137
- 5.11.2.2 Europe 138
- 5.11.3 North America 140
- 5.11.4 Rest of Asia-Pacific 141
6 MARKET ANALYSIS BEYOND LI-ION RECYCLING 143
- 6.1 Global Multi-Chemistry Recycling Market 143
- 6.1.1 Revenue Per Tonne by Chemistry 145
7 COMPANY PROFILES 147 (119 company profiles)
8 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 275
9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 276
10 REFERENCES 278
List of Tables
- Table 1. Global Advanced Rechargeable Battery Recycling Market Revenue by Chemistry ($B), 2027–2046 14
- Table 2. Global Li-ion Battery Recycling Volume (ktonnes Input) by Chemistry, 2027–2046 16
- Table 3. Global Beyond-Li-ion Battery Recycling Volume (ktonnes or GWh decommissioned) by Chemistry, 2027–2046 17
- Table 4. Market Drivers 18
- Table 5. TRL: Advanced Battery Technologies 21
- Table 6. Advanced Rechargeable Battery Chemistry Overview and Recycling Readiness 23
- Table 7. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery supply chain. 26
- Table 8. Commercial Li-ion battery cell composition. 26
- Table 9. Key technology trends shaping lithium-ion battery cathode development. 29
- Table 10. Cathode Materials Used in Commercial LIBs and Recycling Methods. 30
- Table 11. Fate of end-of-life Li-ion batteries. 33
- Table 12. Closed-loop value chain for electric vehicle (EV) batteries. 37
- Table 13. Li-ion battery recycling value chain. 39
- Table 14. Potential circular life cycle for lithium-ion batteries. 40
- Table 15. Sodium-Ion Battery Market Forecast and Implied Recycling Volume Onset (GWh deployed and ktonnes for recycling), 2025–2046 43
- Table 16. Solid-State Battery Market Forecast and Implied Recycling Volume Onset (GWh and ktonnes), 2025–2046 44
- Table 17. Regulations pertaining to the recycling and treatment of EOL batteries in the EU, USA, and China 45
- Table 18. China regulations and policies related to batteries. 46
- Table 19. Sustainability and environmental benefits of Li-ion recycling. 50
- Table 20. Typical lithium-ion battery recycling process flow. 51
- Table 21. Main feedstock streams that can be recycled for lithium-ion batteries. 52
- Table 22. Comparison of LIB recycling methods. 59
- Table 23. Direct Li-ion recycling technology by companies 70
- Table 24. Directly recycled electrode costs vs virgin material. 72
- Table 25. Feedstock types: scrap vs EOL batteries. 73
- Table 26. Comparison of emerging and alternative lithium-ion battery recycling methods 81
- Table 27. PVDF vs PFAS-Free Binder Alternatives 87
- Table 28. Comparison of conventional and emerging processes for recycling beyond lithium-ion batteries. 88
- Table 29. Comparison of Na-ion and Li-ion Battery Cathode Materials: Recycling Implications 93
- Table 30. Hard Carbon Recovery Economics at Indicative Scale (per tonne input) 94
- Table 31. Na-S Battery Material Composition and Recovery Economics (per 100 kg input) 96
- Table 32. Global Na-S Battery Recycling Market Forecast ($M), 2027–2046 97
- Table 33. VRFB Component Material Composition and Recovery Routes 100
- Table 34. Global VRFB Electrolyte Recovery and Recycling Market Forecast, 2027–2046 101
- Table 35. Global Zinc-Based Battery Recycling Market Forecast ($M), 2027–2046 104
- Table 36. Global Aluminium-Ion Battery Recycling Market Forecast ($M), 2027–2046 105
- Table 37. Market drivers for lithium-ion battery recycling. 107
- Table 38. Market challenges in lithium-ion battery recycling. 108
- Table 39. LIB recycler partnerships and supply agreements. 109
- Table 40. Economic assessment of battery recycling options. 113
- Table 41. Retired lithium-batteries. 116
- Table 42. Economics by battery chemistry. 117
- Table 43. Recycling vs second life economics. 117
- Table 44. Global capacities, current and planned (tonnes/year). 120
- Table 45. Global Li-ion Battery Recycling Input Volume Segmented by Cathode Chemistry (ktonnes), 2018–2046 125
- Table 46. Chemistry Share of Global Li-ion Battery Recycling Volume (% of total ktonnes), 2018–2046 127
- Table 47. Global Advanced Rechargeable Battery Recycling — Total Input Volume (ktonnes), All Chemistries, 2018–2046 128
- Table 48. Global Li-ion Battery Recycling Input Volume by End-Use Application (ktonnes), 2018–2046 130
- Table 49. Global Li-ion Battery Recycling Market — Revenue by Cathode Chemistry ($B), 2018–2046 132
- Table 50. Global Advanced Rechargeable Battery Recycling — Total Revenue All Chemistries ($B), 2018–2046 133
- Table 51. Global Li-ion Battery Recycling Revenue by Region ($B), 2018–2046 135
- Table 52. Global Advanced Rechargeable Battery Recycling — Total Revenue All Chemistries by Region ($B), 2027–2046 136
- Table 53. China Li-ion Battery Recycling Market — Volume (ktonnes) and Revenue ($B), 2018–2046 138
- Table 54. Europe Advanced Battery Recycling Market — Volume (ktonnes) and Revenue ($B), 2018–2046 139
- Table 55. North America Advanced Battery Recycling Market — Volume (ktonnes) and Revenue ($B), 2018–2046 140
- Table 56. Rest of Asia-Pacific Advanced Battery Recycling Market — Volume (ktonnes) and Revenue ($B), 2018–2046 141
- Table 57. Global Advanced Rechargeable Battery Recycling Market — Total Revenues by Chemistry ($B), 2027–2046 143
- Table 58. Global Advanced Rechargeable Battery Recycling Market — Volume Processed (ktonnes), 2027–2046 144
- Table 59. Revenue Per Tonne Processed by Chemistry ($), 2025, 2035, and 2046 145
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Global Advanced Rechargeable Battery Recycling Market Revenue by Chemistry ($B), 2025–2046 15
- Figure 2. Global Li-ion Battery Recycling Volume (ktonnes Input) by Chemistry, 2027–2046 16
- Figure 3. Global Beyond-Li-ion Battery Recycling Volume (ktonnes or GWh decommissioned) by Chemistry, 2027–2046 17
- Figure 4. Li-ion battery cell pack. 25
- Figure 5. Lithium Cell Design. 27
- Figure 6. Functioning of a lithium-ion battery. 28
- Figure 7. LIB cathode recycling routes. 30
- Figure 8. Lithium-ion recycling process. 35
- Figure 9. Process for recycling lithium-ion batteries from EVs. 36
- Figure 10. Li-ion battery recycling value chain. 38
- Figure 11. Circular life cycle of lithium ion-batteries. 41
- Figure 12. Typical direct, pyrometallurgical, and hydrometallurgical recycling methods for recovery of Li-ion battery active materials. 51
- Figure 13. Mechanical separation flow diagram. 55
- Figure 14. Recupyl mechanical separation flow diagram. 57
- Figure 15. Flow chart of recycling processes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). 60
- Figure 16. Hydrometallurgical recycling flow sheet. 62
- Figure 17. SWOT analysis for Hydrometallurgy Li-ion Battery Recycling. 64
- Figure 18. Umicore recycling flow diagram. 64
- Figure 19. SWOT analysis for Pyrometallurgy Li-ion Battery Recycling. 65
- Figure 20. Schematic of direct recycling process. 67
- Figure 21. SWOT analysis for Direct Li-ion Battery Recycling. 75
- Figure 22. Schematic diagram of a Li-metal battery. 90
- Figure 23. Schematic diagram of Lithium–sulfur battery. 91
- Figure 24. Schematic illustration of all-solid-state lithium battery. 92
- Figure 25. Global Na-S Battery Recycling Market Forecast ($M), 2027–2046 98
- Figure 26. Global VRFB Electrolyte Recovery and Recycling Market Forecast, 2027–2046 101
- Figure 27. Global Aluminium-Ion Battery Recycling Market Forecast ($M), 2027–2046 106
- Figure 28. Li-ion Battery Recycling Market Supply Chain. 120
- Figure 29. Global Li-ion Battery Recycling Input Volume Segmented by Cathode Chemistry (ktonnes), 2018–2046 126
- Figure 30. Chemistry Share of Global Li-ion Battery Recycling Volume (% of total ktonnes), 2018–2046 127
- Figure 31. Global Advanced Rechargeable Battery Recycling — Total Input Volume (ktonnes), All Chemistries, 2018–2046 129
- Figure 32. Global Li-ion Battery Recycling Input Volume by End-Use Application (ktonnes), 2018–2046 131
- Figure 33. Global Li-ion Battery Recycling Market — Revenue by Cathode Chemistry ($B), 2018–2046 133
- Figure 34. Global Advanced Rechargeable Battery Recycling — Total Revenue All Chemistries ($B), 2018–2046 135
- Figure 35. Global Li-ion Battery Recycling Revenue by Region ($B), 2018–2046 136
- Figure 36. Global Advanced Rechargeable Battery Recycling — Total Revenue All Chemistries by Region ($B), 2027–2046 137
- Figure 37. China Li-ion Battery Recycling Market — Volume (ktonnes) and Revenue ($B), 2018–2046 138
- Figure 38. Europe Advanced Battery Recycling Market — Volume (ktonnes) and Revenue ($B), 2018–2046 139
- Figure 39. North America Advanced Battery Recycling Market — Volume (ktonnes) and Revenue ($B), 2018–2046 141
- Figure 40. Rest of Asia-Pacific Advanced Battery Recycling Market — Volume (ktonnes) and Revenue ($B), 2018–2046 142
- Figure 41. Global Advanced Rechargeable Battery Recycling Market — Total Revenues by Chemistry ($B), 2027–2046 144
- Figure 42. Global Advanced Rechargeable Battery Recycling Market — Volume Processed (ktonnes), 2027–2046 145
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