The Global Market for Antimicrobial Additives and Coatings to 2030

Published July 2021 | 335 pages, 56 tables, 57 figures | Table of contents

In the light of the global COVID-19 crisis, opportunities in antimicrobial coatings and technologies are growing fast, with previous market hindrances such as cost less of an issue for application in healthcare, touch screens and packaging. Antimicrobial coatings can provide long-lasting protection against fungi, bacteria and in some case, viruses. They are used to sterilize medical devices and surfaces to mitigate the impact of healthcare associated infections. Antimicrobial coatings are also being increasingly adopted in food processing and packaging, aerospace, interiors, glass, HVAC ventilation and a wide range of high touch areas.

Report contents include:

Assessment of antimicrobial coatings including nanosilver/silver-ion coatings, copper coatings, photocatalytic coatings, Silane Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, biobased antimicrobial coatings, hydrogels, antimicrobial enzymes, adaptive biomaterials, piezoelectrics, polyDADMAC, liquid metals, antimicrobial nanomaterials, 2D materials and UVC LED technology.
Market revenues for antimicrobial coatings and technologies to 2031.
Assessment of end users markets for antimicrobial coatings and technologies including household and indoor surfaces, medical and healthcare settings, clothing and medical textiles, food packaging and processing etc.
202 company profiles including products, technology base, target markets and contact details. Companies features include Allied Bioscience, Advanced Materials-JTJ s.r.o., Bio-Fence, Bio-Gate AG, Covalon Technologies Ltd., Dyphox, EnvisionSQ, GrapheneCA, Halomine, Inc. , Integricote, LIGC Application, Nano Came Co. Ltd., NanoTouch Materials LLC, NitroPep, OrganoClick, HeiQ Materials, Kastus, sdst, myNano and many more.

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 24

1.1 Market drivers and trends 24
1.2 Materials 28
- 1.2.1 Ideal features of antimicrobial materials 28
1.3 Market activity 2020-2021 29
1.4 Main market players by antimicrobial technology area 31
1.5 Global market size and opportunity to 2031 32
- 1.5.1 End user markets for antimicrobial coatings and technologies 32
- 1.5.2 Global market for antimicrobial coatings and technologies 2018-2031 33
1.6 Market and technical challenges 36

2 INTRODUCTION 38

2.1 Antimicrobial mode of action 38
2.2 Antimicrobial nanomaterials 39
2.3 Self-cleaning coatings and surfaces 41
- 2.3.1 Self-cleaning coatings 41
  - 2.3.1.1 Hydrophilic coatings 44
  - 2.3.1.2 Hydrophobic coatings 44
  - 2.3.1.3 Superhydrophobic coatings and surfaces 45
2.4 Photocatalytic coatings 48
2.5 Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean coatings 49
2.6 Anti-viral coatings and surfaces 51
2.7 Cleanliness of indoor and public areas driving demand for antimicrobials 53
2.8 Application in healthcare environments 54
- 2.8.1 Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) 54
- 2.8.2 Reusable Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 54
- 2.8.3 Facemask coatings 54
- 2.8.4 Wipe on coatings 55
- 2.8.5 Long-term mitigation of surface contamination with nanocoatings 55

3 ANTIMICROBIAL MATERIALS, COATINGS AND TECHNOLOGIES 56

3.1 Metallic-based coatings 56
3.2 Polymer-based coatings 58
3.3 Mode of action 60
3.4 Silver 61
- 3.4.1 Properties 61
  - 3.4.1.1 Antiviral properties of AgNPs 63
- 3.4.2 Mode of action 65
- 3.4.3 Environmental and safety considerations 67
- 3.4.4 SWOT analysis 68
- 3.4.5 Products and applications 68
  - 3.4.5.1 Silver nanoparticles 68
  - 3.4.5.2 Antimicrobial silver paints 69
  - 3.4.5.3 Medical coatings and surfaces 69
- 3.4.6 Markets 70
  - 3.4.6.1 Textiles 70
  - 3.4.6.2 Wound dressings and medical 71
  - 3.4.6.3 Consumer products 71
  - 3.4.6.4 Air filtration 71
3.5 Photocatalytic coatings (Titanium Dioxide) 72
- 3.5.1 Development of photocatalytic coatings 73
  - 3.5.1.1 Market drivers and trends 73
- 3.5.2 Mode of action 75
- 3.5.3 Glass coatings 76
- 3.5.4 Interior coatings 77
- 3.5.5 Improving indoor air quality 77
- 3.5.6 Application in antimicrobial coatings 78
  - 3.5.6.1 Self-Cleaning coatings-glass 79
  - 3.5.6.2 Self-cleaning coatings-building and construction surfaces 79
  - 3.5.6.3 Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) indoor air filters 81
  - 3.5.6.4 Water treatment 82
  - 3.5.6.5 Medical facilities 82
  - 3.5.6.6 Antimicrobial coating indoor light activation 82
3.6 Copper 83
- 3.6.1 Properties 83
- 3.6.2 Mode of action 84
- 3.6.3 SWOT analysis 85
- 3.6.4 Application in antimicrobial coatings 86
3.7 Zinc oxide coatings and additives 86
- 3.7.1 Properties 86
- 3.7.2 Mode of action 87
- 3.7.3 Application in antimicrobial coatings 88
3.8 Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) 90
- 3.8.1 Properties 90
- 3.8.2 Mode of action 90
3.9 Quaternary ammonium silane 93
- 3.9.1 Mode of action 93
- 3.9.2 Application in antimicrobial coatings 93
- 3.9.3 Companies 93
3.10 Biobased antimicrobial coatings 94
- 3.10.1 Chitosan 94
  - 3.10.1.1 Properties 94
  - 3.10.1.2 Application in antimicrobial coatings 96
- 3.10.2 Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) coatings 98
  - 3.10.2.1 Properties 98
  - 3.10.2.2 Mode of action 98
  - 3.10.2.3 Application in antimicrobial coatings 99
  - 3.10.2.4 Zwitterionic surfaces 101
- 3.10.3 Nanocellulose (Nanocrystalline, Nanofibrillated, and Bacterial Cellulose) 101
  - 3.10.3.1 Properties 101
  - 3.10.3.2 Application in antimicrobial coatings 102
  - 3.10.3.3 Antimicrobial bioplastics 103
- 3.10.4 Adaptive biomaterials 103
  - 3.10.4.1 Properties 103
  - 3.10.4.2 Application in antimicrobial coatings 103
3.11 Hydrogels 104
- 3.11.1 Properties 104
- 3.11.2 Application in antimicrobial coatings 104
3.12 Antibacterial liquid metals 106
- 3.12.1 Properties 106
3.13 Other antimicrobial materials additives in coatings 106
- 3.13.1 Graphene 106
  - 3.13.1.1 Properties 106
  - 3.13.1.2 Graphene oxide 108
  - 3.13.1.3 Anti-bacterial activity 108
  - 3.13.1.4 Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) 109
  - 3.13.1.5 Application in antimicrobial coatings 110
- 3.13.2 Silicon dioxide/silica nanoparticles (Nano-SiO2) 110
  - 3.13.2.1 Properties 110
  - 3.13.2.2 Application in antimicrobial coatings 112
- 3.13.3 Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) 112
  - 3.13.3.1 Properties 112
  - 3.13.3.2 Application in antimicrobial coatings 113
- 3.13.4 Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) 113
  - 3.13.4.1 Properties 113
  - 3.13.4.2 Application in antimicrobial coatings 113
- 3.13.5 Fullerenes 114
  - 3.13.5.1 Properties 114
  - 3.13.5.2 Application in antimicrobial coatings 114
- 3.13.6 Cerium oxide nanoparticles 115
  - 3.13.6.1 Properties 115
- 3.13.7 Iron oxide nanoparticles 116
  - 3.13.7.1 Properties 116
- 3.13.8 Magnesium oxide nanoparticles 117
  - 3.13.8.1 Properties 117
- 3.13.9 Nitric oxide nanoparticles 118
  - 3.13.9.1 Properties 118
  - 3.13.10 Applications 118
- 3.13.11 Aluminium oxide nanoparticles 118
  - 3.13.11.1 Properties 118
  - 3.13.11.2 Applications 118
- 3.13.12 Piezoelectrics 118
- 3.13.13 Two-dimensional (2D) materials 119
  - 3.13.13.1 Black phosphorus (BP) 119
  - 3.13.13.2 Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) 120
  - 3.13.13.3 Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) 120
  - 3.13.13.4 Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) 121
  - 3.13.13.5 MXENE 122
3.14 UVC LED Technology 124
- 3.14.1 UVC LED devices 124
- 3.14.2 Killing mechanism on viruses and bacteria 125
- 3.14.3 LED Disinfection 125
- 3.14.4 Applications 126
- 3.14.5 Product developers 127

4 ANTIMICROBIAL COATINGS AND TECHNOLOGY REGULATIONS 130

5 MARKETS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL COATINGS 132

5.1 HOUSEHOLD AND INDOOR SURFACES 132
- 5.1.1 Market drivers and trends 132
5.1.2 Applications 133
- 5.1.2.1 Interiors and contact surfaces 133
- 5.1.2.2 Self-cleaning and easy-to-clean 133
- 5.1.2.3 Indoor pollutants and air quality 134
5.1.3 Global market size 135
5.2 MEDICAL & HEALTHCARE SETTINGS 137
- 5.2.1 Market drivers and trends 137
- 5.2.2 Applications 138
  - 5.2.2.1 Medical surfaces and Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI) 139
  - 5.2.2.2 Wound dressings 140
  - 5.2.2.3 Medical equipment and instruments 140
  - 5.2.2.4 Fabric supplies scrubs, linens, masks (medical textiles) 141
  - 5.2.2.5 Medical implant coatings 141
- 5.2.3 Global market size 143
5.3 CLOTHING AND TEXTILES 145
- 5.3.1 Market drivers and trends 145
- 5.3.2 Applications 146
  - 5.3.2.1 Antimicrobial clothing 146
  - 5.3.2.2 Footwear 152
- 5.3.3 Global market size 152
5.4 FOOD & BEVERAGE PRODUCTION AND PACKAGING 154
- 5.4.1 Market drivers and trends 154
- 5.4.2 Applications 155
  - 5.4.2.1 Antimicrobial coatings in food processing equipment, conveyor belts and preparation surfaces 156
  - 5.4.2.2 Antimicrobial coatings and films in food packaging 157
- 5.4.3 Global market size 158
5.5 OTHER MARKETS 159
- 5.5.1 Automotive and transportation interiors 159
  - 5.5.1.1 Train interiors 162
  - 5.5.1.2 Aircraft interiors 162
- 5.5.2 Water and air filtration 162

6 ANTIMICROBIAL COATINGS COMPANY PROFILES 164

7 RECENT RESEARCH IN ACADEMIA 321

8 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 322

9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 323

10 REFERENCES 324

TABLES

Table 1. Market drivers and trends in antimicrobial coatings and technologies. 24
Table 2. Antimicrobial coatings and technologies. 28
Table 3. Main market players by antimicrobial technology area. 31
Table 4. End user markets for antimicrobial coatings and technologies. 32
Table 5. Total global revenues for antimicrobial coatings and technologies, 2018-2031, USD. 33
Table 6. Total global revenues for antimicrobial coatings and technologies, 2019-2031, millions USD, conservative estimate, by coatings type. 35
Table 7. Market and technical challenges for antimicrobial coatings and technologies. 36
Table 8. Growth Modes of Bacteria and characteristics. 38
Table 9. Types of nanomaterials used in antimicrobial coatings and technologies, benefits and applications. 39
Table 10. Summary for self-cleaning coatings. 41
Table 11. Contact angles of hydrophilic, super hydrophilic, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. 44
Table 12. Market summary for photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings. 48
Table 13. Summary of anti-fouling and easy-to-clean coatings. 49
Table 14. Anti-viral nanomaterials that inactivate different types of viruses, in preclinical assays in vitro. 52
Table 15. Antimicrobial activity of metal oxide nanoparticles 57
Table 16. Polymer-based coatings for antimicrobial coatings and surfaces. 59
Table 17. Growth Modes of Bacteria and characteristics. 61
Table 18. Antibacterial properties of AgNPs. 62
Table 19. Antiviral properties of AgNPs. 64
Table 20. SWOT analysis for application of nanosilver and silver-ion antimicrobial coatings. 68
Table 21. Markets and applications for nanosilver-based Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces. 70
Table 22. Photocatalytic coatings- principles, properties and applications. 72
Table 23. Development of photocatalytic coatings, by generation. 73
Table 24. Antibacterial applications of Cu and CuO-based nanoparticles. 83
Table 25. SWOT analysis for application of copper antimicrobial coatings. 86
Table 26. Antibacterial effects of ZnO NPs in different bacterial species. 88
Table 27. Antibacterial applications of Au-based nanoparticles. 90
Table 28. Companies developing antimicrobial Silane Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. 93
Table 29. Mechanism of chitosan antimicrobial action. 95
Table 30. Types of antibacterial AMP coatings. 99
Table 31. AMP contact-killing surfaces. 99
Table 32. Types of adaptive biomaterials in antimicrobial coatings. 103
Table 33. Types of antibacterial hydrogels. 105
Table 34. Graphene properties relevant to application in coatings. 107
Table 35. Bactericidal characters of graphene-based materials. 109
Table 36. Markets and applications for antimicrobial and antiviral graphene coatings. 110
Table 37. Types of carbon-based nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent, their mechanisms of action and characteristics. 115
Table 38. Summary of applications of UVA, UVB, and UVC LEDs 126
Table 39. Global antimicrobial coatings and technology regulations. 130
Table 40: Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial coatings in household and indoor surface market. 132
Table 41. Market for antimicrobial coatings and technologies in household and indoor surfaces to 2031, by revenues and types. 135
Table 42. Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial coatings in medicine and healthcare. 137
Table 43. Nanocoatings applied in the medical industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications. 139
Table 44. Types of advanced antimicrobial medical device coatings. 141
Table 45. Types of advanced coatings applied in medical implants. 142
Table 46. Nanomaterials utilized in medical implants. 142
Table 47. Market for antimicrobial coatings and technologies in medical and healthcare settings to 2031, by revenues and types. 144
Table 48. Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial coatings in the textiles and apparel industry. 145
Table 49. Applications in textiles, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof. 147
Table 50. Advanced coatings applied in the textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications. 149
Table 51. Market for antimicrobial coatings and technologies in clothing and textiles to 2031, by revenues and types. 153
Table 52. Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial coatings in the packaging market. 155
Table 53. Market for antimicrobial coatings and technologies in food and beverage production & packaging to 2031, by revenues and types. 158
Table 54. Antimicrobial coatings applied in the automotive and transportation industries. 160
Table 55. Applications in air and water filters, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof. 163
Table 56. Antimicrobial Coatings and Technologies development in academia. 321

FIGURES

Figure 1. Global revenues for antimicrobial coatings and technologies, 2018-2031, USD, conservative estimate. 34
Figure 2. Total global revenues for antimicrobial coatings and technologies, 2019-2031, millions USD, conservative estimate, by coatings type. 35
Figure 3: Self-cleaning superhydrophobic coating schematic. 43
Figure 4. (a) Water drops on a lotus leaf. 43
Figure 5. A schematic of (a) water droplet on normal hydrophobic surface with contact angle greater than 90° and (b) water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle > 150°. 45
Figure 6. Contact angle on superhydrophobic coated surface. 46
Figure 7. Self-cleaning nanocellulose dishware. 47
Figure 8: Principle of superhydrophilicity. 49
Figure 9. Schematic of anti-viral coating using nano-actives for inactivation of any adhered virus on the surfaces. 52
Figure 10. Face masks coated with antibacterial & antiviral nanocoating. 55
Figure 11. Antibacterial mechanisms of metal and metallic oxide nanoparticles. 57
Figure 12. Antiviral mechanism of silver nanoparticles. 64
Figure 13. Antibacterial modes of action of, and bacterial resistance towards silver. 66
Figure 14. Antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles. 67
Figure 15. Titanium dioxide-coated glass (left) and ordinary glass (right). 74
Figure 16. Schematic of photocatalytic indoor air purification filter. 75
Figure 17. Schematic indoor air filtration. 78
Figure 18. Mechanism of photocatalysis on a surface treated with TiO2 nanoparticles. 78
Figure 19. Schematic showing the self-cleaning phenomena on superhydrophilic surface. 79
Figure 20. Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement. 80
Figure 21. Self-Cleaning mechanism utilizing photooxidation. 81
Figure 22. Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) air filter. 82
Figure 23. Schematic of photocatalytic water purification. 82
Figure 24. Antibacterial modes of action of, and bacterial resistance towards copper. 85
Figure 25. Schematic of antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs. 88
Figure 26. Antibacterial mechanisms and effects of functionalized gold nanoparticles. 92
Figure 27. TEM images of Burkholderia seminalis treated with (a, c) buffer (control) and (b, d) 2.0 mg/mL chitosan; (A: additional layer; B: membrane damage). 95
Figure 28. Antimicrobial peptides mode of action. 98
Figure 30. Applications of antibacterial hydrogels 104
Figure 31. Antimicrobial activity of Graphene oxide (GO). 109
Figure 32. Hydrophobic easy-to-clean coating. 112
Figure 33. Mechanism of antimicrobial activity of carbon nanotubes. 113
Figure 34. Fullerene schematic. 114
Figure 35. Schematic representation of the antibacterial mechanism of cerium-based materials. 116
Figure 36. Piezoelectric antimicrobial mechanism. 119
Figure 37: Structure of 2D molybdenum disulfide. 121
Figure 38: Graphitic carbon nitride. 122
Figure 37. Market for antimicrobial coatings and technologies in household and indoor surfaces to 2031, by revenues and types. 136
Figure 38. Nano-coated self-cleaning touchscreen. 139
Figure 39. Anti-bacertial sol-gel nanoparticle silver coating. 140
Figure 40. Market for antimicrobial coatings and technologies in medical and healthcare settings to 2031, by revenues and types. 145
Figure 41. Omniphobic-coated fabric. 147
Figure 42. Market for antimicrobial coatings and technologies in clothing and textiles to 2031, by revenues and types. 154
Figure 43. Steps during food processing and where contamination might occur from various sources. 157
Figure 44. Fresh food packaging incorporating antimicrobial silver. 157
Figure 45. Market for antimicrobial coatings and technologies in food and beverage production & packaging to 2031, by revenues and types. 159
Figure 46. CuanSave film. 199
Figure 47. Lab tests on DSP coatings. 205
Figure 48. GermStopSQ mechanism of action. 208
Figure 49. GrapheneCA anti-bacterial and anti-viral coating. 217
Figure 50. NOx reduction with TioCem®. 224
Figure 51. Microlyte® Matrix bandage for surgical wounds. 228
Figure 52. Self-cleaning nanocoating applied to face masks. 232
Figure 53. NanoSeptic surfaces. 265
Figure 54. NascNanoTechnology personnel shown applying MEDICOAT to airport luggage carts. 271
Figure 55. Heavy bacterial recovery from untreated fiber (left) versus Ultra-Fresh antimicrobial treated fiber (right) after testing using the ISO 20743 test method (Staphylococcus aureus test organism). 306
Figure 56. V-CAT® photocatalyst mechanism. 312
Figure 57. Applications of Titanystar. 317

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Published July 2021 | 335 pages, 56 tables, 57 figures | Table of contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 24

2 INTRODUCTION 38

3 ANTIMICROBIAL MATERIALS, COATINGS AND TECHNOLOGIES 56

4 ANTIMICROBIAL COATINGS AND TECHNOLOGY REGULATIONS 130

5 MARKETS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL COATINGS 132

6 ANTIMICROBIAL COATINGS COMPANY PROFILES 164

7 RECENT RESEARCH IN ACADEMIA 321

8 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 322

9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 323

10 REFERENCES 324

TABLES

FIGURES

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