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The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers to 2031

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Published February 2021, 331 pages, 103 tables, 164 figures

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) are sustainable materials with high mechanical strength and stiffness (stronger than steel), high aspect ratios, high transparency, high chemical resistance and impressive rheological, optical and film-forming properties. They are also lightweight and have made a recent impact in industrial applications in biopolymers, bio-composites and hygiene and sanitary products.

Industrial products have been introduced to the market recently in packaging, composites and thermoplastics, biomedicine and hygiene, mainly in the Japanese market. Advanced applications in paper batteries and flexible electronics are also expected once current processing challenges have been overcome.

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) production is now at the industrial scale, with numerous large paper manufacturers establishing multi-ton production facilities. Japanese chemicals manufacturers have also initiated cellulose nanofiber production capabilities. Facilities have also been established in Europe (mainly Scandinavia), Canada and the United States.

Report contents include:

  • Global production capacities, by CNF producer, current and planned.
  • Production volumes by region.
  • Commercialized products on the market incorporating CNFs.
  • Stage of commercialization for cellulose nanofiber applications by company (TRL).
  • CNF applications by industry.
  • Demand in tons per market. 
  • Market drivers, trends and challenges, by end user markets.
  • Competitive landscape of CNF by market, volumes, key trends and growth. Potential for CNF to gain market share by market volume across all end user markets. Markets covered include Polymer composites, Automotive, Building & Construction, Packaging, Textiles, Biomedicine, Pharma, Healthcare, Sanitary and Hygiene Products, Paints & Coatings, Aerogels, Oil & Gas, Filtration, Cosmetics, Food Additives, Electronics, Aerospace and 3D printing. 
  • In-depth market assessment of opportunities for CNF including potential revenues, growth rates, pricing, most likely applications and market challenges.
  • In-depth analysis of market by applications including estimated market size, penetration and growth. Applications covered include: Polymer composite parts; Biodegradable and renewable nanocomposites;  Automotive composites; Packaging films; Aerogels; Construction materials; Packaging fillers/additives; Paint and coatings additives; Deodorant sheets; Pharmaceutical additives; Renewable plastic parts/casings; Transparent films for electronics; Flexible and printed electronics; Batteries;  Flexible and paper batteries; Filtration membranes.
  • In-depth key player profiles of 85 companies, including products, current capacities and plans for new capacities, production processes, prices per kg and commercial activities. Companies profiled in the report include Asahi Kasei, Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Daicel, Daiichi Kogyo, Daio Paper, GranBio Technologies, Nippon Paper, Oji Holdings, Sugino Machine, Seiko PMC and more.

 

Table of contents (.pdf)

1              EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   23

  • 1.1          The market in 2019          24
  • 1.2          The market in 2020          26
  • 1.3          Future global market outlook     27
  • 1.4          Global cellulose nanofibers production   29
    • 1.4.1      Total global production capacity 2019, by type   30
    • 1.4.2      Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) production capacities 2020, by producer          31
    • 1.4.3      Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) production capacities 2020           32
  • 1.5          Market challenges for Cellulose nanofibers          35
  • 1.6          Cellulose nanofibers commercial products            36
  • 1.7          Cellulose nanofibers market by region    40
    • 1.7.1      Japan    41
    • 1.7.2      China     42
    • 1.7.3      Malaysia              43
    • 1.7.4      Western Europe               43
    • 1.7.5      North America   44
  • 1.8          Global government funding        45
  • 1.9          Market impact from COVID-19 crisis         45

 

2              OVERVIEW OF NANOCELLULOSE               47

  • 2.1          Cellulose              47
  • 2.2          Nanocellulose   48
  • 2.3          Properties of nanocellulose         48
  • 2.4          Advantages of nanocellulose      50
  • 2.5          Manufacture of nanocellulose    50
  • 2.6          Production methods       51
  • 2.7          Types of nanocellulose  52
    • 2.7.1      Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) 54
    • 2.7.2      Cellulose nanofibers (CNF)           55
      • 2.7.2.1   Applications       56
    • 2.7.3      Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)       57
      • 2.7.3.1   Synthesis             57
      • 2.7.3.2   Properties           59
      • 2.7.3.3   Applications       60
    • 2.7.4      Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC)    62
      • 2.7.4.1   Applications       62
  • 2.8          Synthesis             63

 

3              APPLICATIONS ANALYSIS              66

 

4              REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS 69

 

5              CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS SUPPLY CHAIN 73

 

6              CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS PRICING            77

 

7              CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN THE COMPOSITES MARKET  79

  • 7.1          Market overview             79
  • 7.2          Market prospects            80
  • 7.3          Market assessment        81
  • 7.4          Applications map             85
  • 7.5          Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031       86
  • 7.6          Product developer profiles          87

 

8              CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE MARKET 89

  • 8.1          Market overview             89
  • 8.2          Market prospects            90
  • 8.3          Market assessment        91
  • 8.4          Applications map             93
  • 8.5          Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031       94
  • 8.6          Product developer profiles          95

 

9              CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN THE CONSTRUCTION MARKET            99

  • 9.1          Market overview             99
  • 9.2          Market prospects            100
  • 9.3          Market assessment        100
  • 9.4          Applications map             103
  • 9.5          Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031       104
  • 9.6          Product developer profiles          105

 

10           CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN THE PAPER AND BOARD PACKAGING MARKET             107

  • 10.1        Market prospects            107
  • 10.2        Market assessment        108
  • 10.3        Applications map             113
  • 10.4        Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031       114
  • 10.5        Product developer profiles          115

 

11           CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS THE TEXTILES AND APPAREL MARKET    117

  • 11.1        Market overview             117
  • 11.2        Market prospects            118
  • 11.3        Market assessment        118
  • 11.4        Applications map             122
  • 11.5        Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031       123
  • 11.6        Product developer profiles          124

 

12           CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN MEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE MARKET            126

  • 12.1        Market overview             126
  • 12.2        Market prospects            127
  • 12.3        Market assessment        128
  • 12.4        Applications map             132
  • 12.5        Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031       133
  • 12.6        Product developer profiles          135

 

13           CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN THE HYGIENE AND SANITARY PRODUCTS MARKET     137

  • 13.1        Market overview             137
  • 13.2        Market prospects            138
  • 13.3        Market assessment        139
  • 13.4        Applications map             143
  • 13.5        Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031       144
  • 13.6        Product developer profiles          145

 

14           CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN THE PAINTS AND COATINGS MARKET              147

  • 14.1        Market overview             147
  • 14.2        Market prospects            147
  • 14.3        Market assessment        148
  • 14.4        Applications map             151
  • 14.5        Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031       152
  • 14.6        Product developer profiles          153

 

15           CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN THE AEROGELS MARKET        155

  • 15.1        Market overview             155
  • 15.2        Market prospects            155
  • 15.3        Market assessment        156
  • 15.4        Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031       158
  • 15.5        Product developer profiles          159

 

16           CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN THE OIL AND GAS MARKET   160

  • 16.1        Market overview             160
  • 16.2        Market prospects            160
  • 16.3        Market assessment        161
  • 16.4        Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031       163
  • 16.5        Product developer profiles          164

 

17           CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN THE FILTRATION MARKET     166

  • 17.1        Market overview             166
  • 17.2        Market prospects            168
  • 17.3        Market assessment        168
  • 17.4        Applications map             171
  • 17.5        Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031       172
  • 17.6        Product developer profiles          173

 

18           CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS FOR COSMETICS, PHARMA AND FOOD ADDITIVES       174

  • 18.1        Market overview             174
  • 18.2        Market prospects            175
  • 18.3        Market assessment        175
  • 18.4        Applications map             177
  • 18.5        Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031       177
  • 18.6        Product developer profiles          179

 

19           OTHER MARKETS FOR NANOCELLULOSE 181

  • 19.1        CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN PRINTED, STRETCHABLE AND FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS 181
    • 19.1.1    Market assessment        181
    • 19.1.2    Product developer profiles          184
  • 19.2        CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN 3D PRINTING             187
    • 19.2.1    Market assessment        187
    • 19.2.2    Product developer profiles          189
  • 19.3        CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS IN AEROSPACE 190
    • 19.3.1    Market assessment        190
    • 19.3.2    Product developer profiles          191

 

20           CELLULOSE NANOFIBER COMPANY PROFILES       192

 

21           RESEARCH SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY 325

  • 21.1        Report scope     325
  • 21.2        Research methodology 325

 

22           REFERENCES       327

 

Tables

  • Table 1. Markets and applications for cellulose nanofibers.           25
  • Table 2. Classification of Cellulose nanofibers applications by type of industrial product ranged in terms of their potential of consumption.            28
  • Table 3: Global demand for Cellulose nanofibers in 2019, tons.    29
  • Table 4: Market segmentation by type of Cellulose nanofibers, capacities and demand 2018.         30
  • Table 5. CNF production capacities and production process, by producer.               31
  • Table 6: MFC production capacities and production process, by producer.              32
  • Table 7: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers/MFC by market, 2018-2030.        32
  • Table 8: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2031.                33
  • Table 9: Market and technical challenges in Cellulose nanofibers.               35
  • Table 10: Regional demand for cellulose nanofibers, 2019, tons (total excludes MFC).       41
  • Table 11. Cellulose nanofibers producers and product developers in Japan.           41
  • Table 12. Cellulose nanofibers research centres, universities and companies in China.       42
  • Table 13. Cellulose nanofibers producers and product developers in Europe.        43
  • Table 14. Cellulose nanofibers producers and product developers in North America.          44
  • Table 15. Assessment of impact from COVID-19 crisis by end user market. Key: Low, little impact and market will continue to grow. Medium, market impacted to some degree affecting growth prospects over next 1-2 years. High: Market significantly impacted.   45
  • Table 16. Properties and applications of nanocellulose.   49
  • Table 17. Properties of nanocellulose, by type.   49
  • Table 18: Properties of cellulose nanofibrils relative to metallic and polymeric materials. 51
  • Table 19. Types of nanocellulose.              52
  • Table 20: Types of nanocellulose.             54
  • Table 21: Applications of cellulose nanofibers (CNF).        56
  • Table 22. Synthesis methods for cellulose nanocrystals (CNC).     58
  • Table 23: CNC sources, size and yield.     59
  • Table 24: CNC properties.            59
  • Table 25. Mechanical properties of CNC and other reinforcement materials.         60
  • Table 26: Applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC).              61
  • Table 27: Applications of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). 62
  • Table 28: Market opportunity assessment for Cellulose nanofibers, by application.             66
  • Table 29: Safety of Micro/Nanofibrillated cellulose.          71
  • Table 30: Global Cellulose nanofibers market supply chain analysis.           73
  • Table 31: Product/price/application matrix of cellulose nanofiber producers.        77
  • Table 32. Market overview for nanocellulose in composites.         79
  • Table 33. Comparative properties of polymer composites reinforcing materials.   80
  • Table 34. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in composites.          80
  • Table 35. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in composites-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global composites OEMs.   81
  • Table 36: Global market demand for cellulose nanofibers in composites, 2018-2031 (tons).            86
  • Table 37: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers composites.            87
  • Table 38. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in automotive.            89
  • Table 39. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in automotive.          90
  • Table 40. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in automotive-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global automotive OEMs.   91
  • Table 41: Global market demand for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive sector 2018-2031 (tons).       94
  • Table 42: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in the automotive industry.            95
  • Table 43. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in construction.          99
  • Table 44. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in construction          100
  • Table 45. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in construction-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global construction OEMs    101
  • Table 46: Market demand for cellulose nanofibers in construction, 2018-2031 (tons).       104
  • Table 47: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers in construction.      106
  • Table 48. Oxygen permeability of nanocellulose films compared to those made form commercially available petroleum-based materials and other polymers. 107
  • Table 49. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in paper and board packaging.            107
  • Table 50. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in paper and board packaging-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global paper and board packaging OEMs.              108
  • Table 51: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in paper & board packaging, 2018-2031 (tons). 114
  • Table 52: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in paper and board.           115
  • Table 53. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in textiles and apparel.            117
  • Table 54. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in textiles and apparel.          118
  • Table 55. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in textiles and apparel-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global textiles and apparel OEMs.          118
  • Table 56: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in textiles, 2018-2031 (tons). 123
  • Table 57: Companies developing nanocellulose products in textiles and apparel. 125
  • Table 58. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in medicine and healthcare.  126
  • Table 59. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in medicine and healthcare. 127
  • Table 60. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in medicine and healthcare-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global medicine and healthcare OEMs.   128
  • Table 61: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in medical and healthcare, 2018-2031 (tons).   133
  • Table 62: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in hygiene and absorbents, 2018-2031 (tons).  134
  • Table 63: Cellulose nanofibers product developers in medicine and healthcare.   135
  • Table 64. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in the hygiene and sanitary products market. 137
  • Table 65. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in hygiene and sanitary products.     138
  • Table 66. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in hygiene and sanitary products -application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global medicine and healthcare OEMs.   139
  • Table 67: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in hygiene and sanitary products, 2018-2031 (tons).      144
  • Table 68: Cellulose nanofibers product developers in hygiene and sanitary products.         145
  • Table 69. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings.             147
  • Table 70. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings.           147
  • Table 71. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global paints and coatings OEMs.        148
  • Table 72: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in paint and coatings, 2018-2031 (tons).             152
  • Table 73: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in paints and coatings, applications targeted and stage of commercialization.     153
  • Table 74. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in aerogels.  155
  • Table 75. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in aerogels. 155
  • Table 76. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in aerogels-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global aerogels OEMs.   156
  • Table 77: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in aerogels, 2018-2031 (tons). 158
  • Table 78: cellulose nanofibers product developers in aerogels.    159
  • Table 79. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in oil and gas.              160
  • Table 80. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in oil and gas.             160
  • Table 81. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in oil and gas-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global oil and gas OEMs.   161
  • Table 82: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the oil and gas market, 2018-2031 (tons).      163
  • Table 83: Cellulose nanofibers product developers in oil and gas exploration.       164
  • Table 84. CNF membranes.          167
  • Table 85. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in filtration.  167
  • Table 86. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in filtration. 168
  • Table 87. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in filtration-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global filtration OEMs.   168
  • Table 88: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the filtration market, 2018-2031 (tons).         172
  • Table 89: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in filtration.           173
  • Table 90. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in rheology modifiers.              174
  • Table 91. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in rheology modifiers.            175
  • Table 92. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in rheology modifiers-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global rheology modifier OEMs.              175
  • Table 93: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2031 (tons).     177
  • Table 94: Commercial activity in cellulose nanofibers rheology modifiers.               179
  • Table 95. Properties of flexible electronics‐cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper). 181
  • Table 96. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in printed, stretchable and flexible electronics-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global printed, flexible and stretchable electronics OEMs.  182
  • Table 97: Companies developing cellulose nanofiber products in printed, stretchable and flexible electronics.        184
  • Table 98. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in 3D priniting-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global 3D printing OEMs.   187
  • Table 99: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers 3D printing products.           189
  • Table 100. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in aerospace-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global aerospace OEMs.   190
  • Table 101: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in aircraft and aerospace.             191
  • Table 102: Granbio Nanocellulose Processes.      235
  • Table 103: Oji Holdings CNF products.     278

 

Figures

  • Figure 1. Cellulose nanofibers market in 2020-industry product and production activity.   26
  • Figure 2: Market segmentation by type of nanocellulose, capacities and demand 2019.     30
  • Figure 3: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers/MFC by market, 2018-2031.       33
  • Figure 4: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2031.              34
  • Figure 5: Cellulose nanofibers -based commercial products.          36
  • Figure 6. Dorayaki.           37
  • Figure 7. ENASAVE NEXT.              37
  • Figure 8. GEL-KAYANO™.              37
  • Figure 9. Kirekira! toilet wipes.   38
  • Figure 10. "Poise" series Super strong deodorant sheet. 38
  • Figure 11. SC-3 (B) speakers.       39
  • Figure 12. SE-MONITOR5 headphones.   39
  • Figure 13. "Skin Care Acty" series Adult diapers. 39
  • Figure 14. "SURISURI" Lotion.     40
  • Figure 15: Regional demand for cellulose nanofibers, 2020.           40
  • Figure 16: Schematic diagram of partial molecular structure of cellulose chain with numbering for carbon atoms and n= number of cellobiose repeating unit. 47
  • Figure 17: Scale of cellulose materials.    48
  • Figure 18: Types of nanocellulose.            53
  • Figure 19: Relationship between different kinds of nanocelluloses.            54
  • Figure 20: CNF gel.           56
  • Figure 21. TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals. 57
  • Figure 22. CNC preparation.        58
  • Figure 23: Extracting CNC from trees.      59
  • Figure 24: CNC slurry.     61
  • Figure 25. Nanocellulose preparation methods and resulting materials.   63
  • Figure 26. Various preparation methods for nanocellulose.           66
  • Figure 27. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in composites.      85
  • Figure 28: Global market demand for cellulose nanofibers in composites, 2018-2031 (tons).          86
  • Figure 29. CNF mixed PLA (Poly Lactic Acid).         87
  • Figure 30: CNF resin products.    88
  • Figure 31. Interior of NCV concept car.    89
  • Figure 32. Applications of nanocellulose in automotive.  93
  • Figure 33: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive sector, 2018-2031 (tons).    95
  • Figure 34: Daio Paper's cellulose nanofiber material in doors and hood of race car.             95
  • Figure 35: CNF composite.           96
  • Figure 36: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins.           96
  • Figure 37. The structure of the CNF-based front hood.    97
  • Figure 38. CNF car engine cover developed in Japan Ministry of the Environment’s (MOE) Nano Cellulose Vehicle (NCV) Project. 98
  • Figure 39. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete.       101
  • Figure 40. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in construction.    104
  • Figure 41: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in construction, 2018-2031 (tons).     105
  • Figure 42. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in paper and board packaging.       114
  • Figure 43: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the paper & board/packaging, 2018-2031 (tons).      115
  • Figure 44. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in textiles and apparel.      123
  • Figure 45: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the textiles, 2018-2031 (tons).        124
  • Figure 46: CNF deodorant products.        125
  • Figure 47. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in medicine and healthcare.            132
  • Figure 48: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in medical and healthcare, 2018-2031 (tons).  133
  • Figure 49: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in hygiene and absorbents 2018-2031 (tons).  134
  • Figure 50. Fibnano.         136
  • Figure 51. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in hygiene and sanitary products. 143
  • Figure 52: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in hygiene and sanitary products 2018-2031 (tons).      144
  • Figure 53. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings.       151
  • Figure 54: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in paint and coatings, 2018-2031 (tons).            152
  • Figure 55. Hefcel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.        154
  • Figure 56: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in aerogels, 2018-2031 (tons). 159
  • Figure 57: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the oil and gas market, 2018-2031 (tons).    164
  • Figure 58. Nanocellulose sponge developed by EMPA for potential applications in oil recovery.    165
  • Figure 59. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in filtration.            171
  • Figure 60: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the filtration market, 2018-2031 (tons).        172
  • Figure 61. Multi-layered cross section of CNF-nw.             173
  • Figure 62. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in rheology modifiers.       177
  • Figure 63: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2031(tons).      178
  • Figure 64. "SURISURI" products. 180
  • Figure 65: Foldable nanopaper antenna. 182
  • Figure 66: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF. 185
  • Figure 67. Oji CNF transparent sheets.    185
  • Figure 68. Electronic components using NFC as insulating materials.          186
  • Figure 69: Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel.  193
  • Figure 70. MEDICELLU™.               193
  • Figure 71: Ashai Kasei CNF production process.  195
  • Figure 72: Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet. 196
  • Figure 73: Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric.              196
  • Figure 74: CNF nonwoven fabric.               197
  • Figure 75. Borregaard Chemcell CNF production process.               201
  • Figure 76. nanoforest products. 210
  • Figure 77. Chuetsu Pulp & Paper CNF production process.             211
  • Figure 78. nanoforest-S. 211
  • Figure 79. nanoforest-PDP.         212
  • Figure 80. nanoforest-MB.           212
  • Figure 81. Daicel Corporation CNF production process.    214
  • Figure 82. Celish.              214
  • Figure 83: Trunk lid incorporating CNF.   215
  • Figure 84. Daio Paper CNF production process.   217
  • Figure 85. ELLEX products.           218
  • Figure 86. CNF-reinforced PP compounds.            219
  • Figure 87. Kirekira! toilet wipes. 219
  • Figure 88. Color CNF.      220
  • Figure 89. DIC Products CNF production process.               222
  • Figure 90. DKS Co. Ltd. CNF production process. 224
  • Figure 91: Rheocrysta spray.       225
  • Figure 92. DKS CNF products.      225
  • Figure 93: CNF based on citrus peel.        227
  • Figure 94. Citrus cellulose nanofiber.       227
  • Figure 95. Imerys CNF production process.           229
  • Figure 96. Filler Bank CNC products.         231
  • Figure 97: Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE).  232
  • Figure 98: CNF products from Furukawa Electric.                233
  • Figure 99. Granbio CNF production process.         236
  • Figure 100: Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials.            237
  • Figure 101. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer).              239
  • Figure 102: CNF gel.        241
  • Figure 103: Block nanocellulose material.              241
  • Figure 104: CNF products developed by Hokuetsu.           242
  • Figure 105. Innventia CNF production process.    244
  • Figure 106: Innventia AB movable nanocellulose demo plant.       245
  • Figure 107. Kami Shoji CNF products.      247
  • Figure 108. Dual Graft System.   248
  • Figure 109: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins.        249
  • Figure 110. Acrylic resin blended with modified CNF (fluid) and its molded product (transparent film), and image obtained with AFM (CNF 10wt% blended).           250
  • Figure 111: 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side).     251
  • Figure 112. Kruger Biomaterials, Inc. CNF production process.      253
  • Figure 113. CNF deodorant.         255
  • Figure 114. Chitin nanofiber product.      256
  • Figure 115. Marusumi Paper cellulose nanofiber products.            258
  • Figure 116. FibriMa cellulose nanofiber powder. 259
  • Figure 117. Cellulomix production process.           260
  • Figure 118. Nanobase versus conventional products.       261
  • Figure 119. Uni-ball Signo UMN-307.       262
  • Figure 120: CNF slurries.               263
  • Figure 121. Range of CNF products.          263
  • Figure 122: Nanocell serum product.       264
  • Figure 123: Hydrophobization facilities for raw pulp.        266
  • Figure 124: Mixing facilities for CNF-reinforced plastic.    266
  • Figure 125. Nippon Paper CNF production process.           268
  • Figure 126: Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers.          270
  • Figure 127. All-resin forceps incorporating CNF.  271
  • Figure 128. CNF paint product.   272
  • Figure 129: CNF wet powder.     274
  • Figure 130: CNF transparent film.              274
  • Figure 131: Transparent CNF sheets.       275
  • Figure 132. Oji Paper CNF production process.    276
  • Figure 133: CNF clear sheets.      278
  • Figure 134. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product.       280
  • Figure 135: Fluorene cellulose ® powder.              281
  • Figure 136. Performance Biofilaments CNF production process.  282
  • Figure 137: XCNF.            284
  • Figure 138: CNF insulation flat plates.     285
  • Figure 139. Seiko PMC CNF production process. 288
  • Figure 140. Manufacturing process for STARCEL. 289
  • Figure 141: Rubber soles incorporating CNF.        291
  • Figure 142. CNF dispersion and powder from Starlite.      292
  • Figure 143. Stora Enso CNF production process. 293
  • Figure 144. Sugino Machine CNF production process.      295
  • Figure 145: High Pressure Water Jet Process.       295
  • Figure 146: 2 wt.％ CNF suspension.       296
  • Figure 147. BiNFi-s Dry Powder. 296
  • Figure 148. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet.          297
  • Figure 149: Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material.       297
  • Figure 150: SVILOSA AD CNC products.   299
  • Figure 151: Silver / CNF composite dispersions.  304
  • Figure 152: CNF/nanosilver powder.       304
  • Figure 153: Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF.     305
  • Figure 154: CNF resin products. 308
  • Figure 155. University of Maine CNF production process.               309
  • Figure 156. UPM-Kymmene CNF production process.      311
  • Figure 157. FibDex® wound dressing.      312
  • Figure 158. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process.          314
  • Figure 159: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF.               315
  • Figure 160. VTT 100% bio-based stand-up pouches.         317
  • Figure 161. VTT CNF production process.               319
  • Figure 162: HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.     320
  • Figure 163: Bio-based barrier bags prepared from Tempo-CNF coated bio-HDPE film.        321
  • Figure 164. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process.       323

 

 

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