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Global Microplastics and Alternatives Market Report 2026-2036

The Global Microplastics and Alternatives Market 2026-3036

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The global microplastics and alternatives market report 2026-2036 from Future Markets Inc provides comprehensive strategic intelligence on one of the most consequential regulatory and reformulation challenges of the decade. The EU’s intentionally added microplastics restriction under REACH, equivalent measures progressing across North America and Asia, and accelerating brand-owner commitments to microplastic-free formulations are forcing wholesale reformulation across cosmetics, personal care, detergents, paints and coatings, agriculture, and industrial applications — while simultaneously creating commercial space for biodegradable, naturally derived and engineered alternatives.

Global Microplastics and Alternatives Market Report 2026-2036 — Key Coverage Areas

  • Regulatory Landscape — EU REACH restriction on intentionally added microplastics, US state-level bans, Asian regulatory adoption, and the OECD and UNEP global treaty negotiations
  • Intentionally Added Microplastics — cosmetics and personal care, detergents and cleaning products, agricultural coatings (controlled-release fertilisers, seed coatings), paints and coatings, and the affected formulation categories
  • Unintentional Microplastic Sources — tyre wear, textile shedding, paint and coating wear, agricultural mulch films, and the engineering and material approaches to source reduction
  • Biodegradable and Naturally Derived Alternatives — biopolymers (PHA, PLA, PBS), cellulose-based microparticles, silica, biodegradable wax, mineral and inorganic alternatives, and the application-by-application substitution landscape
  • Cosmetics and Personal Care Reformulation — exfoliants, opacifiers, film formers, and the reformulation pathways across major brand portfolios
  • Detection, Measurement and Remediation — microplastics analytical methods, water and soil monitoring, and emerging environmental remediation approaches
  • Major Producers and Supply Chain — biodegradable polymer producers, naturally derived ingredient suppliers, formulation specialists, and the alternatives ecosystem reshaping supply chains
  • 10-Year Forecasts — production volumes, demand by application, market value and pricing dynamics by alternative category and region from 2026 to 2036

Ideal for cosmetics, personal care and FMCG brand owners, formulation specialists and contract manufacturers, biopolymer and biodegradable ingredient producers, paints, coatings and detergent companies, agricultural input companies, regulatory and policy teams, and investors evaluating the reformulation opportunity.

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  • Published: July 2025
  • Pages: 315
  • Tables: 119
  • Figures: 22

 

The global microplastics market represents a complex and rapidly evolving landscape shaped by environmental concerns, regulatory pressures, and technological innovation. As awareness of microplastic pollution intensifies, the market is experiencing a significant paradigm shift from traditional synthetic polymer microparticles toward sustainable alternatives, creating both challenges and opportunities across multiple industries.

The intentional microplastics market encompasses diverse applications including personal care products, cosmetics, agriculture, paints and coatings, and industrial applications. Primary microplastics—those manufactured specifically for commercial use—dominate consumption patterns, with polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) comprising the largest market segments. The cosmetics and personal care industry historically represented the largest consumer segment, utilizing microbeads for exfoliation and texture enhancement in facial scrubs, toothpaste, and cleansing products.

However, this market is undergoing dramatic transformation due to mounting environmental concerns and regulatory interventions. The European Union's landmark REACH Regulation (EU) 2023/2055, which restricts intentionally added microplastics in consumer products, exemplifies the regulatory tsunami reshaping market dynamics. Similar restrictions in the United States, Canada, and other jurisdictions have accelerated the phase-out of conventional microplastics, creating urgent demand for viable alternatives.

The microplastic alternatives market is experiencing explosive growth, driven by stringent regulations, consumer preference shifts toward sustainable products, and technological breakthroughs in biodegradable materials. Key alternative categories include natural exfoliants (crushed walnut shells, apricot kernels, bamboo), biodegradable polymers (PLA, PHA, PBAT), and innovative bio-based materials derived from agricultural waste streams.

The transition presents significant technical and economic challenges. Microplastic alternatives often command premium pricing—typically 20-40% higher than conventional synthetic particles—due to limited production scales and processing complexities. Performance characteristics, including particle size consistency, stability, and sensory properties, require continuous optimization to match traditional microplastic functionality.

Manufacturing infrastructure represents another critical bottleneck, as companies must retool production lines and develop new supply chains for bio-based raw materials. However, these challenges are driving innovation in processing technologies, with advances in mechanical milling, enzymatic treatments, and controlled biodegradation creating new possibilities for sustainable microparticle production.

The global microplastics and alternatives market is positioned for continued transformation over the next decade. Traditional microplastics consumption is projected to decline by 65% by 2032, while alternatives demand is expected to increase exponentially. This shift represents not merely substitution but fundamental industry evolution toward circular economy principles, sustainable chemistry, and environmental stewardship—reshaping how industries approach microparticle applications while addressing one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time.

The Global Microplastics and Alternatives Market 2026-2036 presents an authoritative analysis of one of the most rapidly evolving sectors in environmental technology and sustainable materials. This comprehensive report delivers critical market intelligence on the dramatic transformation occurring as industries shift from traditional synthetic microplastics to innovative biodegradable alternatives, driven by stringent environmental regulations, consumer demand for sustainable products, and technological breakthroughs in bio-based materials.

Report contents include: 

  • Comprehensive assessment of plastic pollution challenges and mitigation strategies
  • Primary microplastics market analysis by volume, application, and region (2017-2036)
  • Regulatory landscape overview including EU REACH restrictions and global phase-out plans
  • Corporate activity analysis and industry commitment assessments
  • Environmental impact evaluation including marine pollution and human health implications
  • Microplastics classification, functions, and applications across industries
  • Detailed source analysis including plastic pellets, agricultural applications, textiles, cosmetics
  • Quantitative assessment of microplastic release pathways and environmental persistence
  • Economic impact analysis and regulatory mitigation approaches
  • Regulatory Analysis
    • Global regulatory strategies and policy instruments for microplastic control
    • Comprehensive coverage of EU, US, and international regulatory frameworks
    • Implementation timelines for major restrictions and phase-out programs
    • Industry compliance requirements and exemption criteria
    • Vehicle emission regulations and microbead restriction analysis
  • Detection & Analytical Methods
    • Advanced microplastic characterization technologies and standardized methods
    • Hyperspectral imaging, multi-photon microscopy, and quantum cascade laser applications
    • Quality control protocols and analytical validation procedures
  • Capture & Removal Technologies
    • Microplastic capture technologies for industrial and environmental applications
    • Wastewater treatment solutions and media filtration systems
    • Biomimetic approaches and washing machine filtration systems
    • Technology comparison and performance assessment
  • Alternatives Market Analysis
    • Market penetration assessment for natural microplastic alternatives by application
    • Biodegradable plastics including PLA, PHA, PBS, and polysaccharides
    • Biobased microbeads from natural polymers, proteins, and polyesters
    • Manufacturing technologies and quality control processes
    • Application-specific analysis for personal care, cosmetics, agriculture, paints, detergents, oil & gas, and medical products
  • Market Forecasts & Projections (2024-2036)
    • Quantitative market projections by application sector and scale
    • Regional demand analysis and growth trajectories
    • Technology adoption timelines and market readiness assessments
  • Industry Challenges & Strategic Outlook
    • Implementation challenges for microplastic reduction initiatives
    • Reformulation obstacles and technical barriers
    • Global regulatory outlook and future policy developments
    • Company profiles of 66 companies in the Alternative Microplastics market including Ajinomoto Co., Inc., AMSilk GmbH, Andritz Oy, Anellotech, Anomera, Inc., Asahi Kasei Corporation, BASF, Bluepha, Calyxia, Camm Solutions, Captoplastic S.L., CELLiCON, CelluForce, Cellugy, CH-Bioforce Oy, Daicel Corporation, Daito Kasei Kogyo Co., Danimer Scientific, Evonik Industries, Ingredion Incorporated,  Kaneka Corporation,  Lactips, LignoPure GmbH, Naturbeads, NatureWorks, Nikko Rica, Radiant Matter and more....

 

 

 

1             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY            19

  • 1.1        Addressing plastic pollution 19
  • 1.2        Microplastic environmental contamination              19
    • 1.2.1    Primary microplastics             20
      • 1.2.1.1 Primary microparticles volume in Metric Tons, By Market                21
      • 1.2.1.2 By region           23
  • 1.3        Microplastics Regulations    25
    • 1.3.1    Overview           25
    • 1.3.2    Regulatory landscape expansion     27
    • 1.3.3    The European Union 27
  • 1.4        Microplastic restrictions        28
    • 1.4.1    Planned phase-outs by jurisdiction 28
  • 1.5        Corporate activity       30
  • 1.6        Microplastics Removal           31
    • 1.6.1    Technologies  31
    • 1.6.2    Companies     34
  • 1.7        Alternatives to Microplastics               35
    • 1.7.1    Transition to alternative formulations            35
    • 1.7.2    Challenges      35
    • 1.7.3    Biodegradable plastics           36
    • 1.7.4    Companies     40
  • 1.8        Environmental Impact Assessment                41
    • 1.8.1    Marine pollution and microplastic accumulation  41
    • 1.8.2    Toxicological effects on marine life 41
    • 1.8.3    Human health implications 42

 

2             INTRODUCTION          43

  • 2.1        What are microplastics?        43
    • 2.1.1    Classification 44
    • 2.1.2    Function and applications    44
    • 2.1.3    Environmental concerns        45
    • 2.1.4    Primary microplastics             46
    • 2.1.5    Secondary microplastics       47
    • 2.1.6    Microbeads vs microplastics              48
  • 2.2        Microplastics release               49
    • 2.2.1    To marine environments         49
      • 2.2.1.1 Economic effects        50
    • 2.2.2    Via primary and secondary sources               50
    • 2.2.3    Environmental persistence of plastic products       52
    • 2.2.4    Human health concerns         53
  • 2.3        Regulatory approaches to microplastic mitigation               55

 

3             SOURCES OF MICROPLASTICS         58

  • 3.1        Plastic Pellets                59
  • 3.2        Agricultural     61
    • 3.2.1    Intentional microplastics      61
    • 3.2.2    Sewage sludge              61
  • 3.3        Textiles               62
  • 3.4        Cosmetics and Personal Care Products      62
  • 3.5        Detergents and Air Care          63
  • 3.6        Medical Products and Systems         64
  • 3.7        Oil & Gas           65
  • 3.8        Paints and Coatings  65
  • 3.9        Plastic Waste 66
    • 3.9.1    By market/application              67
    • 3.9.2    By source          67
    • 3.9.3    By region           69

 

4             REGULATIONS AND POLICIES            74

  • 4.1        Strategies         74
  • 4.2        Policy instruments     75
  • 4.3        Current policy trajectories    77
  • 4.4        Current and planned regulations      78
    • 4.4.1    Global initiatives and policies             81
    • 4.4.2    Vehicle-related particulate emissions          82
    • 4.4.3    Microbeads     83
    • 4.4.4    Oxo-Degradable Plastics       83
    • 4.4.5    The Basel Convention              85
    • 4.4.6    The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)       85
    • 4.4.7    Global support for Plastic Treaties   86
  • 4.5        Europe                87
    • 4.5.1    Overview           87
    • 4.5.2    EU Regulations             90
    • 4.5.3    REACH Restriction on Intentionally Added Microplastics 92
    • 4.5.4    Implementation timeline for EU microplastic sales restrictions  92
    • 4.5.5    Items Out of Scope    94
    • 4.5.6    Plastic Pellets Regulation      97
    • 4.5.7    EU Drinking Water Directive  98
    • 4.5.8    Vehicle emission regulation 99
  • 4.6        US         100
    • 4.6.1    Overview           100
    • 4.6.2    Regulatory frameworks           100
    • 4.6.3    Federal legislation      101
  • 4.7        Industry Commitments          105

 

5             DETECTION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS  107

  • 5.1        Microplastic Analysis               107
  • 5.2        Standardized Analytical Methods for Microplastics             108
  • 5.3        Microplastic Characterization            110
  • 5.4        Advanced Analytical Methods            111
    • 5.4.1    Hyperspectral Imaging            112
    • 5.4.2    Multi-photon Microscopy      112
    • 5.4.3    Quantum cascade laser infrared (QCL-IR) microscopy     113
      • 5.4.3.1 Optical Photothermal Infrared           114

 

6             MICROPLASTIC CAPTURE AND REMOVAL TECHNOLOGIES          115

  • 6.1        Microplastic Capture                115
    • 6.1.1    Technologies  115
      • 6.1.1.1 Plastic pellet containment    115
    • 6.1.2    Companies     117
  • 6.2        Filtration and Removal            120
    • 6.2.1    Aquatic environments              120
    • 6.2.2    Conventional wastewater treatment              121
    • 6.2.3    Media Filtration            121
    • 6.2.4    Biomimetic approach to microplastic capture        122
    • 6.2.5    Silica Beads    122
    • 6.2.6    Microplastic Filtration Systems for Washing Machines     123
    • 6.2.7    Textiles               124

 

7             MICROPLASTIC ALTERNATIVES         126

  • 7.1        Introduction    126
  • 7.2        Likelihood of market penetration of natural microplastic alternatives, by market            127
    • 7.2.1    Market penetration barriers and challenges              128
    • 7.2.2    Adoption timeline and market readiness assessment       128
  • 7.3        Biodegradable plastics           129
    • 7.3.1    Biodegradability          130
      • 7.3.1.1 Improving Biodegradability of Plastic Materials      130
      • 7.3.1.2 Marine Degradation of Biodegradable Plastics       132
      • 7.3.1.3 Biodegradable micro-encapsulation             132
      • 7.3.1.4 Biodegradable Plastics in Agriculture            133
    • 7.3.2    Global bioplastics regulations            135
    • 7.3.3    Fossil-based biodegradable polymers          136
    • 7.3.4    Polylactic Acid (PLA) 136
    • 7.3.5    Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)             137
    • 7.3.6    Bio-Based Succinic Acid and PBS    138
    • 7.3.7    Polysaccharides          138
    • 7.3.8    Companies     139
  • 7.4        Biobased Microbeads              142
    • 7.4.1    Biodegradation mechanisms and timeframes        143
    • 7.4.2    Natural hard materials             144
    • 7.4.3    Natural polymers        145
      • 7.4.3.1 Polysaccharides          145
        • 7.4.3.1.1           Starch 145
          • 7.4.3.1.1.1      Applications and commercial status             145
          • 7.4.3.1.1.2      Companies     145
        • 7.4.3.1.2           Cellulose          146
          • 7.4.3.1.2.1      Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)     146
            • 7.4.3.1.2.1.1  Applications and commercial status             146
            • 7.4.3.1.2.1.2  Companies     146
          • 7.4.3.1.2.2      Regenerated cellulose microspheres            147
            • 7.4.3.1.2.2.1  Applications and commercial status             147
            • 7.4.3.1.2.2.2  Companies     147
          • 7.4.3.1.2.3      Cellulose nanocrystals           147
            • 7.4.3.1.2.3.1  Applications and commercial status             148
            • 7.4.3.1.2.3.2  Companies     149
          • 7.4.3.1.2.4      Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)           150
            • 7.4.3.1.2.4.1  Applications and commercial status             152
            • 7.4.3.1.2.4.2  Companies     153
        • 7.4.3.1.3           Chitin  153
          • 7.4.3.1.3.1      Applications and commercial status             153
          • 7.4.3.1.3.2      Companies     154
      • 7.4.3.2 Proteins             154
        • 7.4.3.2.1           Collagen/Gelatin         154
          • 7.4.3.2.1.1      Applications and commercial status             154
        • 7.4.3.2.2           Casein                154
          • 7.4.3.2.2.1      Applications and commercial status             154
      • 7.4.3.3 Polyesters        154
        • 7.4.3.3.1           Polyhydroxyalkanoates           154
          • 7.4.3.3.1.1      Applications and commercial status             156
          • 7.4.3.3.1.2      Companies     156
        • 7.4.3.3.2           Polylactic acid              158
          • 7.4.3.3.2.1      Applications and commercial status             158
          • 7.4.3.3.2.2      Companies     158
      • 7.4.3.4 Other natural polymers           159
        • 7.4.3.4.1           Lignin  159
          • 7.4.3.4.1.1      Description     159
          • 7.4.3.4.1.2      Applications and commercial status             160
          • 7.4.3.4.1.3      Companies     161
        • 7.4.3.4.2           Alginate              163
          • 7.4.3.4.2.1      Applications and commercial status             163
          • 7.4.3.4.2.2      Companies     164
    • 7.4.4    Manufacturing Technologies and Processes             165
      • 7.4.4.1 Melt processing and extrusion techniques 165
      • 7.4.4.2 Solvent-based production methods               166
      • 7.4.4.3 Emulsion and spray-drying technologies    166
      • 7.4.4.4 Quality control and particle size distribution            166
  • 7.5        Personal care 167
    • 7.5.1    Market overview           167
    • 7.5.2    Applications   167
    • 7.5.3    Brand adoption case studies              169
      • 7.5.3.1 Unilever             169
      • 7.5.3.2 L'Oréal                169
      • 7.5.3.3 Procter & Gamble       169
    • 7.5.4    Consumer acceptance and willingness to pay        170
    • 7.5.5    Total quantity of microplastics present 2024-2036 (MT), by scale              171
  • 7.6        Cosmetics       172
    • 7.6.1    Market overview           172
    • 7.6.2    Applications   173
    • 7.6.3    Total quantity of microplastics present 2024-2036, by scale         174
  • 7.7        Agriculture and horticulture 176
    • 7.7.1    Market overview           176
    • 7.7.2    Applications   176
    • 7.7.3    Total quantity of microplastics present 2024-2036 (MT), by scale              177
  • 7.8        Paints & coatings         179
    • 7.8.1    Market overview           179
    • 7.8.2    Applications   179
    • 7.8.3    Total quantity of microplastics present 2024-2036 (MT), by scale              180
  • 7.9        Soap, detergents and maintenance products          181
    • 7.9.1    Market overview           181
    • 7.9.2    Applications   181
    • 7.9.3    Total quantity of microplastics present 2024-2036 (MT), by scale              182
  • 7.10     Oil and gas      184
    • 7.10.1 Market overview           184
    • 7.10.2 Applications   184
    • 7.10.3 Total quantity of microplastics present 2024-2036 (MT), by scale              184
  • 7.11     Medical products        186
    • 7.11.1 Market overview           186
    • 7.11.2 Applications   187
    • 7.11.3 Total quantity of microplastics present 2024-2036 (MT), by scale              188
  • 7.12     Emerging Applications             189
    • 7.12.1 3D printing and additive manufacturing      190
    • 7.12.2 Textile and fibres          190
    • 7.12.3 Food packaging and biodegradable films   191

 

8             CHALLENGES AND OUTLOOK           192

  • 8.1        Implementation challenges 192
  • 8.2        Reformulation Challenges    194
  • 8.3        Global regulatory outlook      195

 

9             COMPANY PROFILES                198 (66 company profiles)

 

10          REFERENCES 312

 

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Frameworks for tackling microplastic and macroplastic contamination.          19
  • Table 2. Microplastic environmental contamination pathways.   20
  • Table 3. Global market for primary microparticles 2017-2024, by Market, (Metric Tons).            21
  • Table 4. Global Market for Primary Microparticles 2025-2036, by Market (Metric Tons).              22
  • Table 5. Global Market Size by Region 2017-2024, Primary Microparticles (Metric Tons).           23
  • Table 6. Global market for primary microparticles 2025-2036, by region, (Metric Tons).             24
  • Table 7. Global Microplastics Regulations. 26
  • Table 8. Governance of plastic pollution .   26
  • Table 9. Emerging focus areas in plastic pollution.               27
  • Table 10. Planned microplastics phase-outs.          28
  • Table 11. Phase-out plans by country/region.          29
  • Table 12. Corporate committments to microplastics reduction. 30
  • Table 13. Microplastics Removal Technologies,     32
  • Table 14. Comparative Analysis of microplastic capture technologies   33
  • Table 15. Companies developing capture and detection technologies. 34
  • Table 16. Challenges in transition from conventional microplastic-containing products to alternative formulations. 35
  • Table 17. Biodegradable Plastics.    36
  • Table 18. Microplastic alternatives by market.         38
  • Table 19. Companies producing microplastic alternative products.         40
  • Table 20. Microplastics environmental impact assessment.         41
  • Table 21. Summary of functions and applications for microplastics.      44
  • Table 22. Types of polymer in secondary microplastics.   48
  • Table 23. Microplastics release through primary and secondary sources.           51
  • Table 24. Lifespan of plastic products.         52
  • Table 25. Human health concerns related to microplastic exposure .     54
  • Table 26. Regulatory strategies for tackling microplastics               55
  • Table 27. Risk assessment of microplastics.            57
  • Table 28. Sources of plastic pellets.               60
  • Table 29. Volume of Plastic Waste by Application.                67
  • Table 30. Macro and Microplastics Released into the Environment by Source. 68
  • Table 31. Macroplastics Released into the Environment by region.           70
  • Table 32. Microplastics Released into the Environment by region.             72
  • Table 33. Mitigation Strategies for Plastic Pollution and Microplastics .  74
  • Table 34. Policies to Mitigate Plastic Waste.             76
  • Table 35. Current policy trajectories .            77
  • Table 36. Regulations for the Governance of Plastic Pollution.     79
  • Table 37. International initiatives and policies on microplastics pollution.          81
  • Table 38. Regulations on Non-Exhaustive Particulate Emissions from Vehicles.              82
  • Table 39. Regulations on Banning and Phasing Out Microbeads in Rinse-Off Products.              83
  • Table 40. Regulatory restrictions on Qxo-degradable plastics.    84
  • Table 41. Plastic reduction policies in Europe.        88
  • Table 42. EU Microplastics Regulations.      90
  • Table 43. Implementation timeline for EU microplastic sales restrictions .          93
  • Table 44. Items Out of Scope.             95
  • Table 45. Timelines for Ban for Items Out of Scope.             96
  • Table 46. EU Legislation to Address Microplastic Pollution from Plastic Pellets.               97
  • Table 47. US regulation on microplastics pollution.             100
  • Table 48. Federal legislation in the United States for addressing microplastic pollution.            102
  • Table 49. Federal regulations addressing microplastic pollution.               103
  • Table 50. Microplastics analysis methods. 107
  • Table 51. Standardized analytical methods for microplastics .    109
  • Table 52. Microplastic characterization tools.         110
  • Table 53. Main Microplastic Capture Technologies.             116
  • Table 54. Companies developing Capture Technologies. 117
  • Table 55. Filtration Systems for Textiles.       124
  • Table 56. Microplastic alternatives by market.         126
  • Table 57. Likelihood of market penetration of natural microplastic alternatives, by main markets.     127
  • Table 58. Market penetration barriers and challenges        128
  • Table 59. Biodegradable polymers. 129
  • Table 60. Advanced Methods for Improving Biodegradability of Plastic Materials.          131
  • Table 61. Biodegradable Micro-encapsulation Technology.            133
  • Table 62. Agricultural Applications of Biodegradable Plastics.     134
  • Table 63. Global bioplastics regulation.       135
  • Table 64. Companies producing Biodegradable Polymers.             139
  • Table 65. Microplastic Alternative Products companies.  141
  • Table 66. Biodegradation mechanisms and timeframes. 143
  • Table 67. Performance comparison vs. conventional microplastics.       143
  • Table 68.Companies developing starch microspheres/microbeads.        145
  • Table 69. Companies developing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) spheres/beads.     146
  • Table 70. Companies developing cellulose microbeads. 147
  • Table 71. CNC properties.     147
  • Table 72. Applications of cellulose nanocrystals (NCC).  148
  • Table 73. Companies developing cellulose nanocrystal microbeads.     149
  • Table 74. Cellulose nanocrystal production capacities and production process, by producer.              150
  • Table 75. Applications of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). 152
  • Table 76. Companies developing bacterial nanocellulose microbeads. 153
  • Table 77.Companies developing chitin microspheres/microbeads.         154
  • Table 78.Types of PHAs and properties.       155
  • Table 79. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) producers.              156
  • Table 80. Companies developing PHA for microbeads.     157
  • Table 81. PLA producers and production capacities.          158
  • Table 82. Technical lignin types and applications. 159
  • Table 83. Properties of lignins and their applications.        160
  • Table 84. Production capacities of technical lignin producers.    162
  • Table 85. Production capacities of biorefinery lignin producers. 162
  • Table 86. Companies developing lignin for microbeads (current or potential applications).    162
  • Table 87. Companies developing alginate for microbeads (current or potential applications).               164
  • Table 88. Manufacturing Technologies and Processes for Biobased Microbeads.           165
  • Table 89. Personal care products containing primary microplastics.       168
  • Table 90. Alternative Microplastic Materials in Personal Care.      168
  • Table 91. Total quantity of microplastics present in personal care products 2024-2036 (MT), by scale.                171
  • Table 92. Types of Microplastics in Cosmetics.      172
  • Table 93. Alternative Microplastic Materials in Cosmetics.             174
  • Table 94. Total quantity of microplastics present in cosmetics 2024-2036 (MT), by scale.        174
  • Table 95. Types of Microplastics in Agriculture and Horticulture.                176
  • Table 96. Agriculture and horticulture products containing microplastics.          176
  • Table 97. Alternative Microplastic Materials in Agriculture and Horticulture.      177
  • Table 98. Total quantity of microplastics present in agriculture and horticulture 2024-2036 (MT), by scale.  177
  • Table 99. Types of Microplastics in Paints and Coatings.  179
  • Table 100. Alternative Microplastic Materials in Paints and Coatings.     179
  • Table 101. Total quantity of microplastics present in paints and coatings 2024-2036 (MT), by scale. 180
  • Table 102. Soaps, detergents and maintenance products containing microplastics.   181
  • Table 103. Alternative Microplastic Materials in Soap, Detergents, and Maintenance Products.           182
  • Table 104. Total quantity of microplastics present in Soaps, detergents and maintenance products 2024-2036 (MT), by scale.     182
  • Table 105. Types of Microplastics in Oil and Gas.  184
  • Table 106. Alternative Microplastic Materials in Oil and Gas.        184
  • Table 107. Total quantity of microplastics present in oil and gas 2024-2036 (MT), by scale.     184
  • Table 108. Example microsphere products in drug delivery.           186
  • Table 109. Medical products containing microplastics.    187
  • Table 110. Alternative Microplastic Materials in Medical Products.           188
  • Table 111. Total quantity of microplastics present in medicinal products 2024-2036 (MT), by scale. 188
  • Table 112. Biobased Microbeads in Emerging Applications            189
  • Table 113. Biobased microbeads in 3D printing and additive manufacturing.    190
  • Table 114. Biobased microbeads in Textile and fibre applications.            190
  • Table 115. Biobased microbeads in Food packaging and biodegradable films. 191
  • Table 116. Implementation Challenges for Microplastics Reduction.      192
  • Table 117. Reformulation Challenges.          194
  • Table 118. Global Regulatory Outlook           196
  • Table 119. Lactips plastic pellets.    261

 

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Global market for primary microparticles 2017-2024, by Market, (Metric Tons).          22
  • Figure 2. Global market for primary microparticles 2024-2036, by Market, (Metric Tons).          23
  • Figure 3. Global market size by region 2020-2024, primary microparticles, (Metric Tons).         24
  • Figure 4. Global market for primary microparticles 2025-2036, by region, (Metric Tons).           25
  • Figure 5. Typical sources of primary microplastics.             47
  • Figure 6. Adoption timeline and market readiness assessment. 129
  • Figure 7. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes. 151
  • Figure 8. Total quantity of microplastics present in personal care products 2024-2036 (MT), by scale.                172
  • Figure 9. Toothpaste incorporating microbeads.    173
  • Figure 10. Total quantity of microplastics present in cosmetics 2024-2036 (MT), by scale.      175
  • Figure 11. Total quantity of microplastics present in agriculture and horticulture 2024-2036 (MT), by scale.  178
  • Figure 12. Total quantity of microplastics present in paints and coatings 2024-2036 (MT), by scale.  180
  • Figure 13. Total quantity of microplastics present in Soaps, detergents and maintenance products 2024-2036 (MT), by scale.     183
  • Figure 14. Total quantity of microplastics present in oil and gas 2024-2036 (MT), by scale.      185
  • Figure 15. Total quantity of microplastics present in medicinal products 2024-2036 (MT), by scale.  189
  • Figure 16. Pressurized Hot Water Extraction.            224
  • Figure 17. BELLOCEA™.           228
  • Figure 18. VIVAPUR® MCC Spheres.                254
  • Figure 19. Viscopearl®.             287
  • Figure 20. Supramolecular plastic that dissolves in seawater.      289
  • Figure 21. The Proesa® Process.        303
  • Figure 22. VYLD’s Kelpon tampon made from seaweed.   306

 

 

 

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