Published September 2022 | 730 pages, 189 tables, 201 figures | Download Table of contents
The market for graphene has grown hugely in the past decade, with numerous products now on the market and more to come as graphene producers record steadily increasing revenues and OEMs witnessing significant returns in clothing, sportswear, footwear, tires, batteries etc. The market for graphene in batteries is witnessing large-scale investments.
Graphene is attracting increasing attention from investors, researchers and industrial players due to exceptional mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties. Graphene is available in multi-ton quantities from many producers and has been identified by many industry sectors as a key materials that will drive future product development in flexible electronics, smart textiles, biosensors, drug delivery, water filtration, supercapacitors and more.
The Global Market for Graphene and 2D Materials 2023-2033 is the most comprehensive and up-to date report on graphene and 2D materials currently available, from the world's leading market authority on graphene and publisher of Graphene Magazine. Profiling over 350 companies, the report provides key information for investors and executives to enable them to understand and take advantage of the opportunities provided by graphene and 2D materials.
The Global Market for Graphene and 2D Materials 2023-2033 contains:
- Assessment of graphene by market including applications, key benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for graphene, technology drawbacks, competing materials, potential consumption of graphene to 2033 and main players.
- Assessment of graphene materials (CVD graphene, graphene nano platelets, graphene oxide, etc), intermediate products (graphene masterbatches, dispersions, etc) and final products with graphene embedded (e.g. headphones, tennis racquets, etc). Tabular data on current graphene products.
- Graphical depictions of graphene applications by market.
- In depth-assessment of graphene producer and distributor pricing in 2021.
- Global market for graphene in tons, by sector, historical and forecast to 2033. Global graphene market size split by market in 2021 and for each application to 2033.
- Full list of technology collaborations, strategic partnerships, and M&As in the global graphene market including collaboration dates.
- In-depth profiles of more than 362 graphene producers and application/product developers including products, production capacities, manufacturing methods, collaborations, licensing, customers and target markets. Companies profiled include Directa Plus, Global Graphene Group, Anaphite Limited, Saint Jean Carbon, Huvis, SafeLi LLC, Grapheal, Graphex Group Ltd, Versarien, Talga Resources, Archer Materials, Haydale Graphene, Paragraf, Graphenea and many more.
- List of ex-graphene producers.
- Detailed forecasts for key growth areas, opportunities and demand.
- Market overview of industry developments in 2020-22.
- Unique market assessment tools to assess the viability of graphene, by market, and application.
- Market assessment of other 2D materials.
- Analysis of 2D materials market including Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), hexagonal boron-nitride (BNNS), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), Mxenes, Borophene, Phosphorene, Graphitic carbon nitride, Germanene, Graphyne, graphane, Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2), silicene, Stanene/tinene, Tungsten diselenide, Antimonene, diamene and indium selenide.
Purchasers will also receive a subscription to Graphene Magazine for 12 issues (plus 30 back issues) and report updates for 12 months.
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 34
- 1.1 Graphene properties 34
- 1.2 Commercialization 35
- 1.3 The graphene market to date 36
- 1.4 The graphene market in 2021 37
- 1.5 The graphene market in 2022 39
- 1.6 Graphene commercial market developments 2020-2022 40
- 1.7 Graphene funding and investments 2020-2022 45
- 1.8 Publicly listed graphene companies 47
- 1.9 Graphene global production capacities, in tons and by type 48
- 1.10 Global demand for graphene 50
- 1.10.1 Global graphene demand, to 2033, tons 50
- 1.10.2 Global graphene demand, by end user market to 2033 53
- 1.10.3 Graphene market, by region 56
- 1.10.3.1 Asia-Pacific 56
- 1.10.3.2 North America 59
- 1.10.3.3 Europe 61
- 1.11 Graphene products 62
- 1.12 Industrial collaborations and licence agreements 65
- 1.13 Graphene market challenges 73
2 OVERVIEW OF GRAPHENE 75
- 2.1 History 75
- 2.2 Properties 76
- 2.3 Types of graphene 77
- 2.3.1 Graphene materials 78
- 2.3.1.1 CVD Graphene 78
- 2.3.1.2 Graphene nanoplatelets 80
- 2.3.1.3 Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide 81
- 2.3.1.4 Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) 82
- 2.3.2 Intermediate products 97
- 2.3.2.1 Graphene masterbatches 97
- 2.3.2.2 Graphene dispersions 97
- 2.3.1 Graphene materials 78
3 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION 99
- 3.1 Quality 100
- 3.2 Assessment of graphene production methods 101
4 REGULATIONS 106
- 4.1 Environmental, health and safety regulation 106
- 4.1.1 Europe 106
- 4.1.2 United States 107
- 4.1.3 Asia-Pacific 108
- 4.2 Workplace exposure 109
5 GRAPHENE PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS 111
6 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION 113
- 6.1 Commercial production capacities 114
- 6.2 Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide production capacities 115
- 6.2.1 By producer 115
- 6.3 Graphene nanoplatelets production capacities 116
- 6.3.1 By producer 117
- 6.4 CVD graphene film 118
- 6.4.1 By producer 118
- 6.5 Graphene production issues and challenges 119
- 6.5.1 Oversupply 119
- 6.5.2 Quality 119
- 6.5.3 Large-volume markets 120
- 6.5.4 Commoditisation 120
- 6.5.5 Industrial end-user perspective 121
7 GRAPHENE PRICING 122
- 7.1 Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene 124
- 7.2 Few-Layer graphene pricing 125
- 7.3 Graphene nanoplatelets pricing 126
- 7.4 Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing 127
- 7.5 Graphene quantum dots pricing 129
- 7.6 Multilayer graphene (MLG) pricing 130
- 7.7 Graphene ink 131
8 MARKETS FOR GRAPHENE 132
- 8.1 3D PRINTING 132
- 8.1.1 Graphene in 3D printing 132
- 8.1.2 Market outlook 132
- 8.1.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 133
- 8.1.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 136
- 8.1.5 Product developers 138
- 8.2 ADHESIVES 140
- 8.2.1 Graphene in adhesives 140
- 8.2.2 Market outlook 141
- 8.2.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 141
- 8.2.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 144
- 8.2.5 Product developers 145
- 8.3 AEROSPACE 147
- 8.3.1 Market overview 147
- 8.3.2 Market prospects 147
- 8.3.3 Market assessment 148
- 8.3.4 Applications Map 150
- 8.3.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 151
- 8.3.6 Product developers 152
- 8.4 AUTOMOTIVE 155
- 8.4.1 Graphene in the automotive sector 155
- 8.4.2 Market outlook 156
- 8.4.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 157
- 8.4.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 160
- 8.4.5 Product developers 161
- 8.5 BATTERIES 165
- 8.5.1 Graphene in batteries 165
- 8.5.1.1 Battery market megatrends 166
- 8.5.2 Market outlook 171
- 8.5.2.1 Flexible and stretchable batteries 173
- 8.5.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 174
- 8.5.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 179
- 8.5.5 Product developers 180
- 8.5.1 Graphene in batteries 165
- 8.6 COMPOSITES 186
- 8.6.1 Graphene in composites 186
- 8.6.2 Fiber-based polymer composite parts 186
- 8.6.2.1 Market outlook 186
- 8.6.2.2 Market drivers, trends and applications 187
- 8.6.3 Metal-matrix composites 191
- 8.6.3.1 Market drivers, trends and applications 191
- 8.6.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 192
- 8.6.5 Product developers 193
- 8.7 CONDUCTIVE INKS 199
- 8.7.1 Graphene in conductive inks 199
- 8.7.2 Market outlook 199
- 8.7.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 200
- 8.7.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 204
- 8.7.5 Product developers 206
- 8.8 CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGS 209
- 8.8.1 Graphene in construction and buildings 209
- 8.8.2 Market outlook 209
- 8.8.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 210
- 8.8.3.1 Cement 210
- 8.8.3.2 Asphalt bitumen 212
- 8.8.3.3 Aerogels 213
- 8.8.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 214
- 8.8.5 Product developers 215
- 8.9 ELECTRONICS 218
- 8.9.1 WEARABLE ELECTRONICS AND DISPLAYS 218
- 8.9.1.1 Graphene in wearable electronics and displays 218
- 8.9.1.2 Market outlook 219
- 8.9.1.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 219
- 8.9.1.4 Global market, historical and forecast to 2033 222
- 8.9.1.5 Product developers 223
- 8.9.2 TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 225
- 8.9.2.1 Graphene in transistors and integrated circuits 225
- 8.9.2.2 Market outlook 226
- 8.9.2.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 226
- 8.9.2.4 Global market, historical and forecast to 2033 229
- 8.9.2.5 Product developers 230
- 8.9.3 MEMORY DEVICES 232
- 8.9.3.1 Graphene in memory devices 232
- 8.9.3.2 Market outlook 232
- 8.9.3.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 233
- 8.9.3.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 234
- 8.9.3.5 Product developers 236
- 8.9.1 WEARABLE ELECTRONICS AND DISPLAYS 218
- 8.10 FILTER MEDIA 237
- 8.10.1 Graphene in filter media 237
- 8.10.2 Market prospects 237
- 8.10.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 238
- 8.10.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 242
- 8.10.5 Product developers 244
- 8.11 FUEL CELLS 247
- 8.11.1 Graphene in fuel cells 247
- 8.11.2 Market outlook 247
- 8.11.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 248
- 8.11.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 252
- 8.11.5 Product developers 253
- 8.12 LIFE SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 254
- 8.12.1 Graphene in life sciences and medicine 254
- 8.12.2 Market outlook 255
- 8.12.2.1 Drug delivery 255
- 8.12.2.2 Imaging and diagnostics 256
- 8.12.2.3 Implants 256
- 8.12.2.4 Medical biosensors 257
- 8.12.2.5 Woundcare 258
- 8.12.2.6 Medical wearables 258
- 8.12.2.7 Gene delivery 259
- 8.12.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 260
- 8.12.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 264
- 8.12.5 Product developers 266
- 8.13 LIGHTING 270
- 8.13.1 Graphene in lighting 270
- 8.13.2 Market outlook 270
- 8.13.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 271
- 8.13.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 273
- 8.13.5 Product developers 274
- 8.14 LUBRICANTS 276
- 8.14.1 Graphene in lubricants. 276
- 8.14.2 Market outlook 277
- 8.14.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 278
- 8.14.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 280
- 8.14.5 Product developers 281
- 8.15 OIL AND GAS 284
- 8.15.1 Graphene in oil and gas 284
- 8.15.2 Market outlook 284
- 8.15.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 285
- 8.15.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033 287
- 8.15.5 Product developers 288
- 8.16 PAINTS AND COATINGS 290
- 8.16.1 Graphene in paints and coatings 290
- 8.16.2 Market outlook 290
- 8.16.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 291
- 8.16.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 294
- 8.16.5 Product developers 296
- 8.17 PHOTONICS 301
- 8.17.1 Graphene in paints and coatings. 301
- 8.17.2 Market outlook 301
- 8.17.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 302
- 8.17.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 305
- 8.17.5 Product developers 307
- 8.18 PHOTOVOLTAICS 308
- 8.18.1 Graphene in photovoltaics 308
- 8.18.2 Market outlook 309
- 8.18.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 309
- 8.18.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 312
- 8.18.5 Product developers 313
- 8.19 RUBBER AND TIRES 315
- 8.19.1 Graphene in rubber and tires. 315
- 8.19.2 Market outlook 315
- 8.19.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 316
- 8.19.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 319
- 8.19.5 Product developers 321
- 8.20 SENSORS 324
- 8.20.1 Graphene in sensors. 324
- 8.20.2 Market outlook 325
- 8.20.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 325
- 8.20.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 329
- 8.20.5 Product developers 331
- 8.21 TEXTILES AND APPAREL 335
- 8.21.1 Graphene in textiles and apparel. 335
- 8.21.2 Market outlook 335
- 8.21.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 336
- 8.21.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 341
- 8.21.5 Product developers 342
- 8.22 SUPERCAPACITORS 347
- 8.22.1 Graphene in supercapacitors. 347
- 8.22.2 Market outlook 347
- 8.22.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 348
- 8.22.3.1 Flexible and stretchable supercapacitors 350
- 8.22.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 351
- 8.22.5 Product developers 352
- 8.23 OTHER MARKETS 355
- 8.23.1 Audio equipment 355
- 8.23.2 Sporting goods and apparel 355
9 GRAPHENE PRODUCER ASSESSMENT 357
- 9.1 Types of graphene produced, by producer 357
- 9.2 Markets targeted, by producer 361
- 9.3 Graphene product developers target markets 364
10 GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES 368
11 GRAPHENE EX-PRODUCERS AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS 624
12 OTHER 2-D MATERIALS 639
- 12.1 Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2D materials 642
- 12.2 2D MATERIALS PRODUCTION METHODS 644
- 12.2.1 Top-down exfoliation 644
- 12.2.1.1 Mechanical exfoliation method 645
- 12.2.1.2 Liquid exfoliation method 645
- 12.2.2 Bottom-up synthesis 646
- 12.2.2.1 Chemical synthesis in solution 646
- 12.2.2.2 Chemical vapor deposition 646
- 12.2.1 Top-down exfoliation 644
- 12.3 TYPES OF 2D MATERIALS 648
- 12.3.1 Hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN)/Bboron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) 648
- 12.3.1.1 Properties 648
- 12.3.1.2 Applications and markets 649
- 12.3.2 MXenes 652
- 12.3.2.1 Properties 652
- 12.3.2.2 Applications 653
- 12.3.3 Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) 654
- 12.3.3.1 Properties 655
- 12.3.3.2 Applications 657
- 12.3.4 Borophene 659
- 12.3.4.1 Properties 659
- 12.3.4.2 Applications 660
- 12.3.5 Phosphorene/ Black phosphorus 661
- 12.3.5.1 Properties 662
- 12.3.5.2 Applications 663
- 12.3.6 Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) 666
- 12.3.6.1 Properties 666
- 12.3.6.2 C2N 666
- 12.3.6.3 Applications 667
- 12.3.7 Germanene 668
- 12.3.7.1 Properties 668
- 12.3.7.2 Applications 669
- 12.3.8 Graphdiyne 670
- 12.3.8.1 Properties 671
- 12.3.8.2 Applications 671
- 12.3.9 Graphane 673
- 12.3.9.1 Properties 674
- 12.3.9.2 Applications 674
- 12.3.10 Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2) 675
- 12.3.10.1 Properties 675
- 12.3.10.2 Applications 675
- 12.3.11 Silicene 676
- 12.3.11.1 Properties 676
- 12.3.11.2 Applications 677
- 12.3.12 Stanene/tinene 679
- 12.3.12.1 Properties 679
- 12.3.12.2 Applications 680
- 12.3.13 Antimonene 681
- 12.3.13.1 Properties 681
- 12.3.13.2 Applications 681
- 12.3.14 Indium selenide 682
- 12.3.14.1 Properties 682
- 12.3.14.2 Applications 682
- 12.3.15 Layered double hydroxides (LDH) 683
- 12.3.15.1 Properties 683
- 12.3.15.2 Applications 683
- 12.3.1 Hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN)/Bboron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) 648
- 12.4 2D MATERIALS PRODUCER AND SUPPLIER PROFILES 686 (19 company profiles)
13 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 703
- 13.1 Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 703
14 REFERENCES 706
List of Tables
- Table 1. Graphene commercial market developments 2020-2022. 40
- Table 2. Graphene funding and investments 2020-2022. 45
- Table 3. Publicly listed graphene companies. 47
- Table 4. Main graphene producers by country, annual production capacities, types and main markets they sell to. 48
- Table 5. Demand for graphene (tons), 2018-2033. 51
- Table 6. Main graphene producers in North America. 59
- Table 7. Main graphene producers in Europe. 61
- Table 8. Commercial products incorporating graphene. 63
- Table 9. Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets. 66
- Table 10. Graphene market challenges. 73
- Table 11. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof. 76
- Table 12. Applications of GO and rGO. 82
- Table 13. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs. 84
- Table 14. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for preparing GQDs. 87
- Table 15. Applications of graphene quantum dots. 88
- Table 16. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics and photonics. 89
- Table 17. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in energy storage and conversion. 90
- Table 18. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in sensors. 91
- Table 19. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in biomedicine and life sciences. 92
- Table 20. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics. 93
- Table 21. Market and technology challenges for graphene quantum dots. 94
- Table 22. Prices for graphene quantum dots. 96
- Table 23. Assessment of graphene production methods. 103
- Table 24. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Europe. 106
- Table 25. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in North America. 107
- Table 26. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Asia-Pacific. 108
- Table 27. Accumulated number of patent publications for graphene, 2004-2021. 111
- Table 28. Demand for graphene (tons), 2018-2033. 113
- Table 29. Graphene oxide production capacity by producer, 2014-2022. 115
- Table 30. Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by producer, 2010-2022. 117
- Table 31. CVD graphene film capacity by producer, 2014-2022 in 000s m2. 118
- Table 32. Types of graphene and typical prices. 122
- Table 33. Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer. 125
- Table 34. Few-layer graphene pricing by producer. 126
- Table 35. Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer. 126
- Table 36. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer. 127
- Table 37. Graphene quantum dots pricing by producer. 129
- Table 38. Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer. 130
- Table 39. Graphene ink pricing by producer. 131
- Table 40. Market overview for graphene in 3D printing. 132
- Table 41. Market outlook for graphene in 3D printing. 132
- Table 42. Market and applications for graphene in 3D printing. 133
- Table 43. Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2033. 136
- Table 44. Product developers in graphene 3D printing. 138
- Table 45. Market overview for graphene in adhesives. 140
- Table 46. Market outlook for graphene in adhesives. 141
- Table 47. Market and applications for graphene in adhesives. 141
- Table 48. Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2033. 144
- Table 49. Product developers in graphene adhesives. 145
- Table 50. Market overview for graphene in aerospace. 147
- Table 51. Scorecard for graphene in aerospace. 147
- Table 52. Market and applications for graphene in aerospace. 148
- Table 53: Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2030. 151
- Table 54: Product developers in graphene for aerospace. 152
- Table 55. Market overview for graphene in the automotive market. 156
- Table 56. Market outlook for graphene in automotive. 156
- Table 57. Market and applications for graphene in automotive. 157
- Table 58. Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2033. 160
- Table 59. Product developers in the graphene automotive market. 161
- Table 60. Applications of nanomaterials in batteries. 165
- Table 61. Market overview for graphene in batteries. 170
- Table 62. Market outlook for graphene in batteries. 171
- Table 63. Market drivers for use of nanomaterials in batteries. 171
- Table 64. Applications of nanomaterials in flexible and stretchable batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof. 174
- Table 65. Market and applications for graphene in batteries. 174
- Table 66. Estimated demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2033. 179
- Table 67. Product developers in graphene batteries. 180
- Table 68. Market overview for graphene in composites. 186
- Table 69. Market outlook for graphene in fiber-based polymer composite parts. 186
- Table 70. Market and applications for graphene in fiber-based composite parts. 187
- Table 71. Market and applications for graphene in metal matrix composites. 191
- Table 72. Global market for graphene in composites 2018-2033, tons. 192
- Table 73. Product developers in graphene composites. 193
- Table 74. Market overview for graphene in conductive inks. 199
- Table 75. Market outlook for graphene in conductive inks. 199
- Table 76. Market and applications for graphene in conductive inks. 200
- Table 77. Comparative properties of conductive inks. 203
- Table 78. Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2033. 204
- Table 79. Product developers in graphene conductive inks. 206
- Table 80. Market overview for graphene in construction and buildings. 209
- Table 81. Market outlook for graphene in construction. 209
- Table 82. Graphene for concrete and cement. 210
- Table 83. Graphene for asphalt bitumen. 212
- Table 84. Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2033. 214
- Table 85: Graphene product developers in construction. 215
- Table 86. Market overview for graphene in wearable electronics and displays. 218
- Table 87. Market outlook for graphene in wearable electronics and displays. 219
- Table 88. Market and applications for graphene in electronics. 219
- Table 89. Comparison of ITO replacements. 221
- Table 90. Demand for graphene in wearable, flexible and stretchable electronics, 2018-2033. 222
- Table 91. Product developers in graphene-based electronics. 223
- Table 92. Market overview for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits. 225
- Table 93. Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors. 225
- Table 94. Market outlook for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits. 226
- Table 95. Market and applications for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits. 226
- Table 96. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2033. 229
- Table 97. Product developers in graphene transistors and integrated circuits. 230
- Table 98. Market overview for graphene in memory devices. 232
- Table 99. Market outlook for graphene in memory devices. 233
- Table 100. Market and applications for graphene in memory devices. 233
- Table 101. Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2033. 235
- Table 102. Product developers in graphene memory devices. 236
- Table 103. Market overview for graphene in filtration. 237
- Table 104. Market outlook for graphene in filtration. 237
- Table 105. Market and applications for graphene in filtration. 238
- Table 106. Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2033. 242
- Table 107. Graphene companies in filtration. 244
- Table 108. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells. 247
- Table 109. Market outlook for graphene in fuel cells. 247
- Table 110. Market and applications for graphene in fuel cells. 248
- Table 111. Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2033. 252
- Table 112. Product developers in graphene fuel cells. 253
- Table 113. Market overview for graphene in life sciences and medicine. 255
- Table 114. Market outlook for graphene in drug delivery. 255
- Table 115. Scorecard for graphene in imaging and diagnostics. 256
- Table 116. Scorecard for graphene in medical implants. 256
- Table 117. Scorecard for graphene in medical biosensors. 257
- Table 118. Scorecard for graphene in woundcare. 258
- Table 119. Market and applications for graphene in life sciences and medicine. 260
- Table 120. Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2033. 264
- Table 121. Product developers in graphene life sciences and biomedicine. 266
- Table 122. Market overview for graphene in lighting. 270
- Table 123. Market outlook for graphene in lighting. 270
- Table 124. Market and applications for graphene in lighting. 271
- Table 125. Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2033. 273
- Table 126. Product developers in graphene lighting. 274
- Table 127. Market overview for graphene in lubricants. 276
- Table 128. Nanomaterial lubricant products. 276
- Table 129. Market outlook for graphene in lubricants. 277
- Table 130. Market and applications for graphene in lubricants. 278
- Table 131. Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2033. 280
- Table 132. Product developers in graphene lubricants. 281
- Table 133. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas. 284
- Table 134. Market outlook for graphene in oil and gas. 284
- Table 135. Market and applications for graphene in oil and gas. 285
- Table 136. Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2033. 287
- Table 137. Product developers in graphene oil and gas. 288
- Table 138. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings. 290
- Table 139. Market outlook for graphene in paints and coatings. 290
- Table 140. Market and applications for graphene in paints and coatings. 291
- Table 141. Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2033. 294
- Table 142. Product developers in graphene paints and coatings. 296
- Table 143. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings. 301
- Table 144. Market outlook for graphene in photonics. 301
- Table 145. Market and applications for graphene in photonics. 302
- Table 146. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2033. 305
- Table 147. Product developers in graphene photonics. 307
- Table 148. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics. 308
- Table 149. Market outlook for graphene in photovoltaics. 309
- Table 150. Market and applications for graphene in photovoltaics. 309
- Table 151. Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2033. 312
- Table 152. Product developers in graphene solar. 313
- Table 153. Market overview for graphene in rubber and tires. 315
- Table 154. Market outlook for graphene in rubber and tires. 315
- Table 155. Market and applications for graphene in rubber and tires. 316
- Table 156. Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2033. 319
- Table 157. Product developers in rubber and tires. 321
- Table 158. Market overview for graphene in sensors. 324
- Table 159. Market outlook for graphene in sensors. 325
- Table 160. Market and applications for graphene in sensors. 325
- Table 161. Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2033. 329
- Table 162. Product developers in graphene sensors. 331
- Table 163. Market overview for graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 335
- Table 164. Market outlook for graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 335
- Table 165. Market and applications for graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 336
- Table 166. Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2033. 341
- Table 167. Graphene product developers in smart textiles and apparel. 342
- Table 168. Market overview for graphene in supercapacitors. 347
- Table 169. Market outlook for graphene in supercapacitors. 347
- Table 170: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. 348
- Table 171. Market and applications for graphene in supercapacitors. 348
- Table 172. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2033. 351
- Table 173. Product developers in graphene supercapacitors. 352
- Table 174. Graphene audio equipment producers and products. 355
- Table 175. Graphene sporting goods producers and products. 356
- Table 176. Graphene producers and types produced. 357
- Table 177. Graphene producers target market matrix. 361
- Table 178. Graphene product developers and end users target market matrix. 364
- Table 179. Performance criteria of energy storage devices. 619
- Table 180. 2D materials types. 641
- Table 181. Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2-D nanomaterials. 642
- Table 182. Comparison of top-down exfoliation methods to produce 2D materials. 644
- Table 183. Comparison of the bottom-up synthesis methods to produce 2D materials. 647
- Table 184. Properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). 649
- Table 185. Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2. 662
- Table 186. Properties and applications of functionalized germanene. 669
- Table 187. GDY-based anode materials in LIBs and SIBs 671
- Table 188. Physical and electronic properties of Stanene. 680
- Table 189. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Examples. 704
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Demand for graphene, by market, 2021. 38
- Figure 2. Demand for graphene, 2018-2033, tons. 52
- Figure 3. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons), conservative estimate. 53
- Figure 4. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons). Medium estimate. 54
- Figure 5. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons). High estimate. 55
- Figure 6. Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2021. 56
- Figure 7. Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2021. 57
- Figure 8. Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific. 58
- Figure 9. Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2021. 60
- Figure 10. Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2021. 62
- Figure 11. Graphene layer structure schematic. 75
- Figure 12. Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG. 75
- Figure 13. Graphite and graphene. 76
- Figure 14. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene. 78
- Figure 15. Types of CVD methods. 79
- Figure 16. Schematic of the manufacture of GnPs starting from natural graphite. 81
- Figure 17. Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots. 83
- Figure 18. Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4). 83
- Figure 19. Graphene quantum dots. 86
- Figure 20. Top-down and bottom-up graphene QD synthesis methods. 87
- Figure 21. Revenues for graphene quantum dots 2019-2033, millions USD 95
- Figure 22. Fabrication methods of graphene. 99
- Figure 23. TEM micrographs of: A) HR-CNFs; B) GANF® HR-CNF, it can be observed its high graphitic structure; C) Unraveled ribbon from the HR-CNF; D) Detail of the ribbon; E) Scheme of the structure of the HR-CNFs; F) Large single graphene oxide sheets derived from GANF. 100
- Figure 24. (a) Graphene powder production line The Sixth Element Materials Technology Co. Ltd. (b) Graphene film production line of Wuxi Graphene Films Co. Ltd. 101
- Figure 25. Schematic illustration of the main graphene production methods. 102
- Figure 26. Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2021. 112
- Figure 27. Demand for graphene, 2018-2033, tons. 114
- Figure 28. CVD Graphene on Cu Foil. 124
- Figure 29. Applications of graphene in 3D printing. 136
- Figure 30. Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2033. 137
- Figure 31. CNCTArch lightweight mounting for digital signalling. 138
- Figure 32. Applications of graphene in adhesives. 144
- Figure 33. Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2033. 145
- Figure 34. Graphene Adhesives. 146
- Figure 35. Applications of graphene in aerospace. 151
- Figure 36: Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2033. 152
- Figure 37. Orbex Prime rocket. 153
- Figure 38: Graphene enhanced aircraft cargo container. 153
- Figure 39: Graphene aircraft. 154
- Figure 40. Summary of graphene in automobiles. 156
- Figure 41. Applications of graphene in automotive. 159
- Figure 42. Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2033. 161
- Figure 43. Supercar incorporating graphene. 161
- Figure 44. Graphene anti-corrosion primer. 163
- Figure 45. Graphene-R Brake pads. 163
- Figure 46. Antistatic graphene tire. 163
- Figure 47. Graphene engine oil additives. 164
- Figure 48. Annual cobalt demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031. 167
- Figure 49. Annual lithium demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031. 168
- Figure 50. Costs of batteries to 2031. 170
- Figure 51. Applications of graphene in batteries. 178
- Figure 52. Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2033. 179
- Figure 53. Apollo Traveler graphene-enhanced USB-C / A fast charging power bank. 181
- Figure 54. Exide Graphene Lead Acid Battery. 181
- Figure 55. 6000mAh Portable graphene batteries. 182
- Figure 56. Real Graphene Powerbank. 184
- Figure 57. Graphene Functional Films - UniTran EH/FH. 185
- Figure 58. Applications of graphene in composites. 190
- Figure 59. Demand for graphene in composites (tons), 2018-2033. 193
- Figure 60. Graphene bike. 194
- Figure 61. Graphene lacrosse equipment. 195
- Figure 62. Graphene-based suitcase made from recycled plastic. 195
- Figure 63. Aros Create. 196
- Figure 64. Grays graphene hockey sticks. 198
- Figure 65. Applications of graphene in conductive inks. 204
- Figure 66. Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2033. 205
- Figure 67. BGT Materials graphene ink product. 206
- Figure 68. Printed graphene conductive ink. 207
- Figure 69. Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink. 207
- Figure 70. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete. 210
- Figure 71. Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2033. 215
- Figure 72. Graphene asphalt additives. 216
- Figure 73. OG (Original Graphene) Concrete Admix Plus. 216
- Figure 74. Demand for graphene in wearable, flexible and stretchable electronics, 2018-2033. 223
- Figure 75. Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application. 224
- Figure 76. Applications of graphene in transistors and integrated circuits. 229
- Figure 77. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2033. 230
- Figure 78. Graphene IC in wafer tester. 231
- Figure 79. Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right). 231
- Figure 80. Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2033. 235
- Figure 81. Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random-access memory (RRAM). 236
- Figure 82. Applications of graphene in filtration. 242
- Figure 83. Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2033. 243
- Figure 84. Graphene anti-smog mask. 244
- Figure 85. Graphene filtration membrane. 245
- Figure 86. Graphene water filer cartridge. 245
- Figure 87. Applications of graphene in fuel cells. 251
- Figure 88. Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2033. 252
- Figure 89. Graphene-based E-skin patch. 254
- Figure 90. Flexible and transparent bracelet that uses graphene to measure heart rate, respiration rate etc. 259
- Figure 91. Applications of graphene in life sciences and medicine 264
- Figure 92. Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2033. 265
- Figure 93. Graphene medical biosensors for wound healing. 267
- Figure 94. Graphene Frontiers’ Six™ chemical sensors consists of a field effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel. Receptor molecules, such as DNA, are attached directly to the graphene channel. 267
- Figure 95. GraphWear wearable sweat sensor. 268
- Figure 96. BioStamp nPoint. 269
- Figure 97. Applications of graphene in lighting. 273
- Figure 98. Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2033. 274
- Figure 99. Graphene LED bulbs. 275
- Figure 100. Applications of graphene in lubricants. 280
- Figure 101. Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2033. 281
- Figure 102. Tricolit spray coating. 282
- Figure 103. Graphenoil products. 282
- Figure 104. Applications of graphene in oil and gas. 287
- Figure 105. Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2033. 288
- Figure 106. Directa Plus Grafysorber. 289
- Figure 107. Applications of graphene in paints and coatings. 294
- Figure 108. Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2033. 295
- Figure 109. Cryorig CPU cooling system with graphene coating. 296
- Figure 110. Four layers of graphene oxide coatings on polycarbonate. 297
- Figure 111. 23303 ZINCTON GNC graphene paint. 298
- Figure 112. Graphene-enhanced anti-corrosion aerosols under their Hycote brand. 298
- Figure 113. Scania Truck head lamp brackets ACT chamber 6 weeks, equivalent to 3y field use. Piece treated with GO to the left together with different non-GO coatings. 299
- Figure 114. Schematic of graphene heat film. 300
- Figure 115. Applications of graphene in photonics. 305
- Figure 116. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2033. 306
- Figure 117. All-graphene optical communication link demonstrator operating at a data rate of 25 Gb/s per channel. 307
- Figure 118. Applications of graphene in photovoltaics. 312
- Figure 119. Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2033. 313
- Figure 120. Graphene coated glass. 314
- Figure 121. Applications of graphene in rubber and tires. 319
- Figure 122. Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2033. 320
- Figure 123. Eagle F1 graphene tire. 321
- Figure 124. Graphene floor mats. 322
- Figure 125. Vittoria Corsa G+ tire. 322
- Figure 126. Graphene-based sensors for health monitoring. 324
- Figure 127. Applications of graphene in sensors. 329
- Figure 128. Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2033. 330
- Figure 129. AGILE R100 system. 331
- Figure 130. Graphene fully packaged linear array detector. 332
- Figure 131. GFET sensors. 332
- Figure 132. Graphene is used to increase sensitivity to middle-infrared light. 334
- Figure 133. Applications of graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 340
- Figure 134. Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2033. 341
- Figure 135. 878 Project One jacket display. 342
- Figure 136. Colmar graphene ski jacket. 343
- Figure 137. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing. 343
- Figure 138. G+ Graphene Aero Jersey. 344
- Figure 139. Inov-8 graphene shoes. 344
- Figure 140. Graphene Functional Membranes - UniTran GM. 345
- Figure 141. Graphene jacket. 346
- Figure 142. Applications of graphene in supercapacitors. 351
- Figure 143. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2033. 352
- Figure 144. KEPCO’s graphene supercapacitors. 353
- Figure 145. Skeleton Technologies supercapacitor. 354
- Figure 146. Zapgo supercapacitor phone charger. 354
- Figure 147. Callaway Chrome Soft golf and Chrome Soft X golf balls. 356
- Figure 148. Graphene heating films. 368
- Figure 149. Graphene flake products. 374
- Figure 150. AIKA Black-T. 378
- Figure 151. Printed graphene biosensors. 387
- Figure 152. Brain Scientific electrode schematic. 408
- Figure 153. Graphene battery schematic. 433
- Figure 154. Dotz Nano GQD products. 435
- Figure 155. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell. 441
- Figure 156. Proprietary atmospheric CVD production. 452
- Figure 157. Wearable sweat sensor. 485
- Figure 158. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination. 492
- Figure 159. Sensor surface. 507
- Figure 160. BioStamp nPoint. 524
- Figure 161. Nanotech Energy battery. 543
- Figure 162. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept. 545
- Figure 163. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite. 546
- Figure 164. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production. 547
- Figure 165. TEM images of carbon nanobrush. 548
- Figure 166. Test performance after 6 weeks ACT II according to Scania STD4445. 563
- Figure 167. Quantag GQDs and sensor. 565
- Figure 168. The Sixth Element graphene products. 579
- Figure 169. Thermal conductive graphene film. 580
- Figure 170. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint. 592
- Figure 171. T-FORCE CARDEA ZERO. 595
- Figure 172. Structures of nanomaterials based on dimensions. 639
- Figure 173. Schematic of 2-D materials. 641
- Figure 174. Diagram of the mechanical exfoliation method. 645
- Figure 175. Diagram of liquid exfoliation method 646
- Figure 176. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride. 648
- Figure 177. BN nanosheet textiles application. 651
- Figure 178. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx. 652
- Figure 179. Types and applications of 2D TMDCs. 655
- Figure 180. Left: Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). Right: Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) 656
- Figure 181. SEM image of MoS2. 656
- Figure 182. Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor. 658
- Figure 183. Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge. 659
- Figure 184. Borophene schematic. 660
- Figure 185. Black phosphorus structure. 662
- Figure 186. Black Phosphorus crystal. 662
- Figure 187. Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation. 663
- Figure 188: Graphitic carbon nitride. 666
- Figure 189. Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal. Credit: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology. 667
- Figure 190. Schematic of germanene. 668
- Figure 191. Graphdiyne structure. 671
- Figure 192. Schematic of Graphane crystal. 673
- Figure 193. Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulfide. 675
- Figure 194. Silicene structure. 676
- Figure 195. Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate. 677
- Figure 196. Silicene transistor. 677
- Figure 197. Crystal structure for stanene. 679
- Figure 198. Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111). 680
- Figure 199. Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe). 682
- Figure 200. Application of Li-Al LDH as CO2 sensor. 684
- Figure 201. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell. 693
The Global Market for Graphene and 2D Materials 2023-2033
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