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The Global Market for Graphene and 2D Materials 2021-2031

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Published May 2021 | 650 pages, 186 tables, 191 figures | Table of contents

The market for graphene has grown hugely in the past decade, with numerous products now on the market and more to come as graphene producers record steadily increasing revenues and OEMs witnessing significant returns in clothing, sportswear, footwear, tires, batteries etc. Graphene is attracting increasing attention from investors, researchers and industrial players due to exceptional mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties. Graphene is available in multi-ton quantities from many producers and has been identified by many industry sectors as a key materials that will drive future product development in flexible electronics, smart textiles, biosensors, drug delivery, water filtration, supercapacitors and more.

 The Global Market for Graphene 2021-2031 is the most comprehensive and up-to date report on graphene currently available, by the world's leading market authority on graphene. Profiling over 290 companies, the report provides key information for investors and executives to enable them to understand and take advantage of the opportunities provided by graphene (other 2D materials are also covered).

The Global Market for Graphene 2021-2031 contains:

  • Unique market assessment tools to assess the viability of graphene, by market, and application.
  • Tabular data on current graphene products.
  • Market assessment of other 2D materials.
  • Assessment of graphene by market including applications, key benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for graphene, technology drawbacks, competing materials, potential consumption of graphene to 2031 and main players.
  • Graphical depictions of graphene applications by market.
  • In depth-assessment of graphene producer and distributor pricing in 2020.
  • Global market for graphene in tons, by sector, historical and forecast to 2031. Global graphene market size split by market in 2020and for each application to 2031.
  • Full list of technology collaborations, strategic partnerships, and M&As in the global graphene market including collaboration dates. 
  • In-depth profiles of 290 graphene producers and application/product developers including products, production capacities, manufacturing methods, collaborations, licensing, customers and target markets. Companies profiled include Directa Plus, Global Graphene Group, ZEN Graphene Solutions, HP1 Technologies Ltd, GrapheneCA, Saint Jean Carbon, SafeLi LLC, Versarien, Talga Resources, Archer Materials, Haydale Graphene, Paragraf, Graphenea and many more.
  • List of ex-graphene producers. 
  • Detailed forecasts for key growth areas, opportunities and demand.
  • Market impact of COVID-19 crisis on the graphene market, by end user industry. 
  • Market overview of industry developments in 2020. 
  • Analysis of 2D materials market including Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), hexagonal boron-nitride (BNNS), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), Mxenes, Borophene, Phosphorene, Graphitic carbon nitride, Germanene, Graphyne, graphane, Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2), silicene, Stanene/tinene, Tungsten diselenide, Antimonene, diamene and indium selenide. 

 

Additional content from the previous edition includes:

  • Review of market in 2020.
  • Outlook for market in 2021.
  • Expanded graphene quantum dots chapter.
  • SWOT analysis.
  • Industry supply chain analysis. 
  • Assessment of key global players.
  • Analysis of market in China. 
  • Analysis of audio equipment and sporting goods market. 

 

1              EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   33

  • 1.1          Why graphene? 33
    • 1.1.1      Exceptional properties   33
    • 1.1.2      Commercial opportunities           34
    • 1.1.3      Collaboration key?          34
  • 1.2          The market in 2019          35
  • 1.3          The market in 2020          37
  • 1.4          The market in 2021          38
  • 1.5          Future global market outlook     39
  • 1.6          Graphene producers and production capacities  41
  • 1.7          Global graphene demand,  2018-2031, tons         43
    • 1.7.1      Market segmentation, historical and forecast to 2031       45
  • 1.8          Graphene market by region         49
    • 1.8.1      Asia-Pacific         49
      • 1.8.1.1   China     49
      • 1.8.1.2   Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific 51
    • 1.8.2      North America   52
      • 1.8.2.1   Main graphene producers in North America         52
    • 1.8.3      Europe 53
      • 1.8.3.1   Main graphene producers in Europe        54
  • 1.9          List of commercialized graphene products            56
  • 1.10        Graphene investments  59
  • 1.11        Industrial collaborations and licence agreements              60
  • 1.12        Graphene market challenges      67
  • 1.13        Market impact from COVID-19 pandemic              68

 

2              OVERVIEW OF GRAPHENE            69

  • 2.1          History  70
  • 2.2          Types of graphene           71
  • 2.3          Properties           72

 

3              GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS      74

  • 3.1          Composition      74
  • 3.2          Comparison to quantum dots     75
  • 3.3          Properties           76
  • 3.4          Synthesis             76
    • 3.4.1      Top-down method          76
    • 3.4.2      Bottom-up method         77
    • 3.4.3      Comparison of synthesis methods            77
  • 3.5          Applications       79
  • 3.6          Markets               80
    • 3.6.1      Electronics and photonics             80
    • 3.6.2      Energy storage and conversion  81
    • 3.6.3      Sensors 82
    • 3.6.4      Biomedicine and life sciences     83
    • 3.6.5      Anti-counterfeiting         84
  • 3.7          Challenges          85
  • 3.8          Technology readiness level (TRL)               86
  • 3.9          Production of graphene quantum dots   87
    • 3.9.1      Current and projected revenues 87
    • 3.9.2      Pricing   88

 

4              GRAPHENE PRODUCTION             89

  • 4.1          Quality  90
  • 4.2          Assessment of graphene production methods    91

 

5              REGULATIONS   96

  • 5.1          Environmental, health and safety regulation        96
    • 5.1.1      Europe 96
    • 5.1.2      United States     97
    • 5.1.3      Asia-Pacific         98
  • 5.2          Workplace exposure      99

 

6              GRAPHENE PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS             101

 

7              GRAPHENE PRODUCTION             103

  • 7.1          Commercial production capacities            104
  • 7.2          Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide production capacities        105
    • 7.2.1      By producer       105
    • 7.2.2      By region             106
  • 7.3          Graphene nanoplatelets production capacities   107
    • 7.3.1      By producer       108
    • 7.3.2      Production capacity by region     109
  • 7.4          CVD graphene film           110
    • 7.4.1      By producer       110
  • 7.5          Graphene production issues and challenges         111
    • 7.5.1      Oversupply         111
    • 7.5.2      Quality  111
    • 7.5.3      Large-volume markets   112
    • 7.5.4      Commoditisation             112
    • 7.5.5      Industrial end-user perspective 112

 

8              GRAPHENE INDUSTRY SUPPLY CHAIN      114

 

9              SWOT ANALYSIS               115

 

10           GRAPHENE PRICING       117

  • 10.1        Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene  118
  • 10.2        Few-Layer graphene pricing        120
  • 10.3        Graphene nanoplatelets pricing 121
  • 10.4        Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing               122
  • 10.5        Graphene quantum dots pricing 123
  • 10.6        Multilayer graphene (MLG) pricing           124
  • 10.7        Graphene ink     125

 

11           MARKETS FOR GRAPHENE            126

  • 11.1        GRAPHENE IN 3D PRINTING        126
    • 11.1.1    Market overview             126
    • 11.1.2    Market prospects            126
    • 11.1.3    Market assessment        127
    • 11.1.4    Applications map             130
    • 11.1.5    Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       130
    • 11.1.6    Product developers        131
  • 11.2        GRAPHENE IN ADHESIVES             134
    • 11.2.1    Market overview             134
    • 11.2.2    Market prospects            134
    • 11.2.3    Market assessment        135
    • 11.2.4    Applications map             137
    • 11.2.5    Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       138
    • 11.2.6    Product developers        139
  • 11.3        GRAPHENE IN AUTOMOTIVE       140
    • 11.3.1    Market overview             140
    • 11.3.2    Market prospects            141
    • 11.3.3    Market assessment        141
    • 11.3.4    Applications map             143
    • 11.3.5    Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       144
    • 11.3.6    Product developers        145
  • 11.4        GRAPHENE IN BATTERIES              149
    • 11.4.1    Market overview             150
      • 11.4.1.1                Battery market megatrends        152
    • 11.4.2    Market prospects            156
      • 11.4.2.1                Flexible and stretchable batteries             159
    • 11.4.3    Market assessment        160
    • 11.4.4    Applications Map             164
    • 11.4.5    Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       164
    • 11.4.6    Product developers        166
  • 11.5        GRAPHENE IN COMPOSITES        170
    • 11.5.1    Market overview             170
    • 11.5.2    Fiber-based polymer composite parts     170
      • 11.5.2.1                Market prospects            170
      • 11.5.2.2                Market assessment        171
      • 11.5.2.3                Applications map             174
    • 11.5.3    Metal-matrix composites             175
      • 11.5.3.1                Market assessment        175
    • 11.5.4    Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       176
    • 11.5.5    Product developers        177
  • 11.6        GRAPHENE IN CONDUCTIVE INKS              182
    • 11.6.1    Market overview             182
    • 11.6.2    Market prospects            182
    • 11.6.3    Market assessment        183
    • 11.6.4    Applications map             187
    • 11.6.5    Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       188
    • 11.6.6    Product developers        189
  • 11.7        GRAPHENE IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS          192
    • 11.7.1    Market overview             192
    • 11.7.2    Market prospects            193
    • 11.7.3    Market assessment        193
      • 11.7.3.1                Cement 194
      • 11.7.3.2                Asphalt bitumen               196
    • 11.7.4    Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       196
    • 11.7.5    Product developers        197
  • 11.8        GRAPHENE IN ELECTRONICS        199
    • 11.8.1    WEARABLE ELECTRONICS AND DISPLAYS 199
      • 11.8.1.1                Market overview             199
      • 11.8.1.2                Market prospects            200
      • 11.8.1.3                Market assessment        201
      • 11.8.1.4                Global market, historical and forecast to 2030      203
      • 11.8.1.5                Product developers        204
    • 11.8.2    GRAPHENE IN TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 206
      • 11.8.2.1                Market overview             206
      • 11.8.2.2                Market prospects            207
      • 11.8.2.3                Market assessment        208
      • 11.8.2.4                Applications map             209
      • 11.8.2.5                Global market, historical and forecast to 2030      210
      • 11.8.2.6                Product developers        211
    • 11.8.3    GRAPHENE IN MEMORY DEVICES              214
      • 11.8.3.1                Market overview             214
      • 11.8.3.2                Market prospects            214
      • 11.8.3.3                Market assessment        215
      • 11.8.3.4                Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       216
      • 11.8.3.5                Product developers        217
  • 11.9        GRAPHENE IN FILTRATION           218
    • 11.9.1    Market overview             219
    • 11.9.2    Market prospects            219
    • 11.9.3    Market assessment        220
    • 11.9.4    Applications map             224
    • 11.9.5    Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       225
    • 11.9.6    Product developers        226
  • 11.10     GRAPHENE IN FUEL CELLS             229
    • 11.10.1  Market overview             229
    • 11.10.2  Market prospects            230
    • 11.10.3  Market assessment        230
    • 11.10.4  Applications map             233
    • 11.10.5  Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       234
    • 11.10.6  Product developers        235
  • 11.11     GRAPHENE IN LIFE SCIENCES AND MEDICINE        236
    • 11.11.1  Market overview             237
    • 11.11.2  Market prospects            238
      • 11.11.2.1              Drug delivery     238
      • 11.11.2.2              Imaging and diagnostics 238
      • 11.11.2.3              Implants              239
      • 11.11.2.4              Medical biosensors         239
      • 11.11.2.5              Woundcare        240
      • 11.11.2.6              Medical wearables          241
    • 11.11.3  Market assessment        242
    • 11.11.4  Applications map             245
    • 11.11.5  Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       246
    • 11.11.6  Product developers        247
  • 11.12     GRAPHENE IN LIGHTING 251
    • 11.12.1  Market overview             251
    • 11.12.2  Market prospects            252
    • 11.12.3  Market assessment        252
    • 11.12.4  Applications map             254
    • 11.12.5  Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       255
    • 11.12.6  Product developers        256
  • 11.13     GRAPHENE IN LUBRICANTS          257
    • 11.13.1  Market overview             258
    • 11.13.2  Market prospects            259
    • 11.13.3  Market assessment        259
    • 11.13.4  Applications map             261
    • 11.13.5  Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       262
    • 11.13.6  Product developers        264
  • 11.14     GRAPHENE IN OIL AND GAS         266
    • 11.14.1  Market overview             266
    • 11.14.2  Market prospects            266
    • 11.14.3  Market assessment        267
    • 11.14.4  Applications map             269
    • 11.14.5  Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       269
    • 11.14.6  Product developers        271
  • 11.15     GRAPHENE IN PAINTS AND COATINGS    272
    • 11.15.1  Market overview             272
    • 11.15.2  Market prospects            272
    • 11.15.3  Market assessment        273
    • 11.15.4  Applications map             276
    • 11.15.5  Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       277
    • 11.15.6  Product developers        278
  • 11.16     GRAPHENE IN PHOTONICS           283
    • 11.16.1  Market overview             283
    • 11.16.2  Market prospects            283
    • 11.16.3  Market assessment        284
    • 11.16.4  Applications map             287
    • 11.16.5  Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       288
    • 11.16.6  Product developers        289
  • 11.17     GRAPHENE IN PHOTOVOLTAICS 290
    • 11.17.1  Market overview             290
    • 11.17.2  Market prospects            291
    • 11.17.3  Market assessment        292
    • 11.17.4  Applications map             294
    • 11.17.5  Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       295
    • 11.17.6  Product developers        297
  • 11.18     GRAPHENE IN RUBBER AND TIRES             297
    • 11.18.1  Market overview             298
    • 11.18.2  Market prospects            298
    • 11.18.3  Market assessment        299
    • 11.18.4  Applications map             302
    • 11.18.5  Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       302
    • 11.18.6  Product developers        304
  • 11.19     GRAPHENE IN SENSORS 306
    • 11.19.1  Market overview             306
    • 11.19.2  Market prospects            307
    • 11.19.3  Market assessment        307
    • 11.19.4  Applications map             311
    • 11.19.5  Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       312
    • 11.19.6  Product developers        313
  • 11.20     GRAPHENE IN SMART TEXTILES AND APPAREL     317
    • 11.20.1  Market overview             317
    • 11.20.2  Market prospects            317
    • 11.20.3  Market assessment        318
    • 11.20.4  Applications map             322
    • 11.20.5  Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       323
    • 11.20.6  Product developers        324
  • 11.21     GRAPHENE IN SUPERCAPACITORS            328
    • 11.21.1  Market overview             328
    • 11.21.2  Market prospects            328
    • 11.21.3  Market assessment        329
      • 11.21.3.1              Flexible and stretchable supercapacitors               331
    • 11.21.4  Applications map             332
    • 11.21.5  Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030       332
    • 11.21.6  Product developers        334
  • 11.22     OTHER MARKETS              336
    • 11.22.1  Audio equipment             336
    • 11.22.2  Sporting goods and apparel         337

 

12           GRAPHENE PRODUCER ASSESSMENT      338

 

13           GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES-PRODUCERS AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS            350

 

14           APPLICATIONS ANALYSIS              536

 

15           GRAPHENE EX-PRODUCERS AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS 542

 

16           OTHER 2-D MATERIALS  554

  • 16.1        BORON NITRIDE NANOTUBES (BNNT)     557
    • 16.1.1    Properties           557
    • 16.1.2    Applications       558
    • 16.1.3    Production          559
  • 16.2        HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE (BNNS)     559
    • 16.2.1    Properties           559
    • 16.2.2    Applications       560
      • 16.2.2.1                Electronics          560
      • 16.2.2.2                Fuel cells              560
      • 16.2.2.3                Adsorbents        560
      • 16.2.2.4                Photodetectors 560
      • 16.2.2.5                Textiles 560
      • 16.2.2.6                Biomedical          561
  • 16.3        TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDES (TMDCs)              561
    • 16.3.1    Properties           561
    • 16.3.2    Applications       562
      • 16.3.2.1                Electronics          562
      • 16.3.2.2                Photovoltaics     563
      • 16.3.2.3                Piezoelectrics    563
      • 16.3.2.4                Sensors 563
      • 16.3.2.5                Filtration              564
      • 16.3.2.6                Batteries              564
      • 16.3.2.7                Fiber lasers         564
  • 16.4        BOROPHENE      564
    • 16.4.1    Properties           564
    • 16.4.2    Applications       565
  • 16.5        PHOSPHORENE 566
    • 16.5.1    Properties           566
      • 16.5.1.1                Fabrication methods      567
      • 16.5.1.2                Challenges for the use of phosphorene in devices              568
    • 16.5.2    Applications       568
      • 16.5.2.1                Electronics          568
      • 16.5.2.2                Batteries              569
      • 16.5.2.3                Photodetectors 570
      • 16.5.2.4                Sensors 570
  • 16.6        GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE (g-C3N4)    571
    • 16.6.1    Properties           571
    • 16.6.2    Synthesis             571
    • 16.6.3    C2N        571
    • 16.6.4    Applications       572
      • 16.6.4.1                Electronics          572
      • 16.6.4.2                Filtration membranes    572
      • 16.6.4.3                Photocatalysts  572
      • 16.6.4.4                Batteries (LIBs)  572
      • 16.6.4.5                Sensors 572
  • 16.7        GERMANENE     573
    • 16.7.1    Properties           573
    • 16.7.2    Applications       573
      • 16.7.2.1                Electronics          573
      • 16.7.2.2                Batteries              574
  • 16.8        GRAPHDIYNE     574
    • 16.8.1    Properties           574
    • 16.8.2    Applications       575
      • 16.8.2.1                Electronics          575
      • 16.8.2.2                Batteries              575
      • 16.8.2.3                Separation membranes 575
      • 16.8.2.4                Water filtration 575
      • 16.8.2.5                Photocatalysts  576
      • 16.8.2.6                Photovoltaics     576
  • 16.9        GRAPHANE         576
    • 16.9.1    Properties           576
    • 16.9.2    Applications       577
      • 16.9.2.1                Electronics          577
      • 16.9.2.2                Hydrogen storage            577
  • 16.10     RHENIUM DISULFIDE (ReS2) AND DISELENIDE (ReSe2)     577
    • 16.10.1  Properties           578
    • 16.10.2  Applications       578
      • 16.10.2.1              Electronics          578
  • 16.11     SILICENE              578
    • 16.11.1  Properties           578
    • 16.11.2  Applications       579
      • 16.11.2.1              Electronics          579
      • 16.11.2.2              Photovoltaics     580
      • 16.11.2.3              Thermoelectrics               580
      • 16.11.2.4              Batteries              580
      • 16.11.2.5              Sensors 580
  • 16.12     STANENE/TINENE            581
    • 16.12.1  Properties           581
    • 16.12.2  Applications       582
      • 16.12.2.1              Electronics          582
  • 16.13     TUNGSTEN DISELENIDE 582
    • 16.13.1  Properties           582
    • 16.13.2  Applications       582
      • 16.13.2.1              Electronics          582
  • 16.14     ANTIMONENE   583
    • 16.14.1  Properties           583
    • 16.14.2  Applications       583
  • 16.15     DIAMENE            583
    • 16.15.1  Properties           583
    • 16.15.2  Applications       583
  • 16.16     INDIUM SELENIDE            584
    • 16.16.1  Properties           584
    • 16.16.2  Applications       584
      • 16.16.2.1              Electronics          584
  • 16.17     COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GRAPHENE AND OTHER 2D MATERIALS         585

 

17           RESEARCH METHODOLOGY         587

  • 17.1        Market opportunity analysis        587
  • 17.2        Technology Readiness Level (TRL)             591
  • 17.3        Properties of nanomaterials        592

 

18           REFERENCES       594

 

Tables

  • Table 1. Main graphene producers by country, annual production capacities, types and main markets they sell into 2020.     41
  • Table 2. Demand for graphene (tons), 2018-2031.              43
  • Table 3. Main graphene producers in North America.       52
  • Table 4. Main graphene producers in Europe.      54
  • Table 5: Products incorporating graphene.           56
  • Table 6: Graphene investments and financial agreements.            59
  • Table 7. Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets.        61
  • Table 8. Graphene market challenges.    67
  • Table 9. Assessment of impact from COVID-19 by end user market. Key: Low, little impact and market will continue to grow. Medium, market impacted to some degree affecting growth prospects over next 1-2 years. High: Market significantly impacted.   68
  • Table 10: Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof.            72
  • Table 11. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs. 75
  • Table 12. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for preparing GQDs.              78
  • Table 13. Applications of graphene quantum dots.            79
  • Table 14. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics and photonics.        80
  • Table 15. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in energy storage and conversion.             81
  • Table 16. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in sensors.           82
  • Table 17. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in biomedicine and life sciences. 83
  • Table 18. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics.     84
  • Table 19. Market and technology challenges for graphene quantum dots.              85
  • Table 20. Prices for graphene quantum dots.       88
  • Table 21. Assessment of graphene production methods. 92
  • Table 22. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Europe. 96
  • Table 23. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in North America. 97
  • Table 24. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Asia-Pacific.        98
  • Table 25: Accumulated number of patent publications for graphene, 2004-2018. 101
  • Table 26. Demand for graphene (tons), 2018-2031.            103
  • Table 27: Graphene oxide production capacity by producer, 2010-2019.   105
  • Table 28: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by region, 2010-2019.          106
  • Table 29: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by producer, 2010-2018.           108
  • Table 30: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2019.                 109
  • Table 31: CVD graphene film capacity by producer, 2010-2018/ 000s m2.                110
  • Table 32. Graphene industry supply chain.            114
  • Table 33. SWOT analysis for graphene.   115
  • Table 34: Types of graphene and typical prices.   117
  • Table 35: Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer.   119
  • Table 36: Few-layer graphene pricing by producer.           120
  • Table 37. Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer.   121
  • Table 38: Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer.        122
  • Table 39: Graphene quantum dots pricing by producer.  124
  • Table 40: Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer.         124
  • Table 41: Graphene ink pricing by producer.        125
  • Table 42. Market overview for graphene in 3D printing.  126
  • Table 43. Scorecard for graphene in 3D printing. 126
  • Table 44. Market and applications for graphene in 3D printing.    127
  • Table 45: Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2031.              130
  • Table 46: Product developers in graphene 3D printing.    131
  • Table 47. Market overview for graphene in adhesives.    134
  • Table 48. Scorecard for graphene in adhesives.  134
  • Table 49. Market and applications for graphene in adhesives.      135
  • Table 50: Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2031.  138
  • Table 51: Product developers in graphene adhesives.      139
  • Table 52. Market overview for graphene in automotive. 140
  • Table 53. Scorecard for graphene in automotive.               141
  • Table 54. Market and applications for graphene in automotive.   141
  • Table 55: Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2031.               144
  • Table 56: Product developers in the graphene automotive market.           146
  • Table 57. Applications of nanomaterials in batteries.        151
  • Table 58. Market overview for graphene in batteries.      156
  • Table 59. Scorecard for graphene in batteries.    156
  • Table 60. Market drivers for use of nanomaterials in batteries.    157
  • Table 61. Applications of nanomaterials in flexible and stretchable batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof.                159
  • Table 62. Market and applications for graphene in batteries.        160
  • Table 63: Estimated demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2031.               165
  • Table 64: Product developers in graphene batteries.        166
  • Table 65. Market overview for graphene in composites. 170
  • Table 66. Scorecard for graphene in fiber-based polymer composite parts.            170
  • Table 67. Market and applications for graphene in fiber-based composite parts.  171
  • Table 68. Market and applications for graphene in metal matrix composites.        175
  • Table 69. Global market for graphene in composites 2018-2031, tons.      176
  • Table 70: Product developers in graphene composites.   177
  • Table 71. Market overview for graphene in conductive inks.          182
  • Table 72. Scorecard for graphene in conductive inks.        182
  • Table 73. Market and applications for graphene in conductive inks.           183
  • Table 74. Comparative properties of conductive inks.       186
  • Table 75: Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2027.         188
  • Table 76: Product developers in graphene conductive inks.           189
  • Table 77. Market overview for graphene in construction.               192
  • Table 78. Scorecard for graphene in construction.             193
  • Table 79. Graphene for cement. 194
  • Table 80. Graphene for asphalt bitumen.               196
  • Table 81: Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2031.             196
  • Table 82: Graphene product developers in construction. 198
  • Table 83. Market overview for graphene in wearable electronics and displays.      200
  • Table 84. Scorecard for graphene in wearable electronics and displays.    200
  • Table 85. Market and applications for graphene in electronics.    201
  • Table 86: Comparison of ITO replacements.         203
  • Table 87: Demand for graphene in flexible electronics, 2018-2031.              203
  • Table 88: Product developers in graphene-based electronics.       204
  • Table 89. Market overview for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits.      206
  • Table 90. Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors.      207
  • Table 91. Scorecard for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits.    207
  • Table 92. Market and applications for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits.       208
  • Table 93: Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2031.                210
  • Table 94: Product developers in graphene transistors and integrated circuits.        211
  • Table 95. Market overview for graphene in memory devices.       214
  • Table 96. Scorecard for graphene in memory devices.     214
  • Table 97. Market and applications for graphene in memory devices.         215
  • Table 98: Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2031.  217
  • Table 99: Product developers in graphene memory devices.         218
  • Table 100. Market overview for graphene in filtration.     219
  • Table 101. Scorecard for graphene in filtration.   219
  • Table 102. Market and applications for graphene in filtration.      220
  • Table 103: Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2031.  225
  • Table 104: Graphene companies in filtration.       226
  • Table 105. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells.     229
  • Table 106. Scorecard for graphene in fuel cells.   230
  • Table 107. Market and applications for graphene in fuel cells.      231
  • Table 108: Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2031.  234
  • Table 109: Product developers in graphene fuel cells.      235
  • Table 110. Market overview for graphene in life sciences and medicine.  237
  • Table 111. Scorecard for graphene in drug delivery.          238
  • Table 112. Scorecard for graphene in imaging and diagnostics.    238
  • Table 113. Scorecard for graphene in medical implants.  239
  • Table 114. Scorecard for graphene in medical biosensors.              239
  • Table 115. Scorecard for graphene in woundcare.             240
  • Table 116. Market and applications for graphene in life sciences and medicine.   242
  • Table 117: Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2031.  246
  • Table 118: Product developers in graphene life sciences and biomedicine.             247
  • Table 119. Market overview for graphene in lighting.       251
  • Table 120. Scorecard for graphene in lighting.      252
  • Table 121. Market and applications for graphene in lighting.         252
  • Table 122: Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2031.  255
  • Table 123: Product developers in graphene lighting.         256
  • Table 124. Market overview for graphene in lubricants.  258
  • Table 125. Nanomaterial lubricant products.        258
  • Table 126. Scorecard for graphene in lubricants. 259
  • Table 127. Market and applications for graphene in lubricants.    260
  • Table 128: Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2031.                262
  • Table 129: Product developers in graphene lubricants.    264
  • Table 130. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas. 266
  • Table 131. Scorecard for graphene in oil and gas.               266
  • Table 132. Market and applications for graphene in oil and gas.  267
  • Table 133: Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2031.              269
  • Table 134: Product developers in graphene oil and gas.   271
  • Table 135. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings.                272
  • Table 136. Scorecard for graphene in paints and coatings.              272
  • Table 137. Market and applications for graphene in paints and coatings. 273
  • Table 138: Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2031.             277
  • Table 139: Product developers in graphene paints and coatings. 278
  • Table 140. Market overview for graphene in photonics.  283
  • Table 141. Scorecard for graphene in photonics. 283
  • Table 142. Market and applications for graphene in photonics.    284
  • Table 143: Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2031.             288
  • Table 144: Product developers in graphene photonics.    289
  • Table 145. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics.           290
  • Table 146. Scorecard for graphene in photovoltaics.         291
  • Table 147. Market and applications for graphene in photovoltaics.            292
  • Table 148: Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2031.        295
  • Table 149: Product developers in graphene solar.              297
  • Table 150. Market overview for graphene in rubber and tires.      298
  • Table 151. Scorecard for graphene in rubber and tires.    298
  • Table 152. Market and applications for graphene in rubber and tires.       299
  • Table 153: Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2031.   302
  • Table 154: Product developers in rubber and tires.            304
  • Table 155. Market overview for graphene in sensors.      306
  • Table 156. Scorecard for graphene in sensors.     307
  • Table 157. Market and applications for graphene in sensors.        307
  • Table 158: Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2031.    312
  • Table 159: Product developers in graphene sensors.        313
  • Table 160. Market overview for graphene in smart textiles and apparel.  317
  • Table 161. Scorecard for graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 317
  • Table 162. Market and applications for graphene in smart textiles and apparel.    318
  • Table 163: Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2031.     323
  • Table 164: Graphene product developers in smart textiles and apparel.   324
  • Table 165. Market overview for graphene in supercapacitors.      328
  • Table 166. Scorecard for graphene in supercapacitors.    328
  • Table 167: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries.            329
  • Table 168. Market and applications for graphene in supercapacitors.        329
  • Table 169: Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2031.    332
  • Table 170: Product developers in graphene supercapacitors.        334
  • Table 171. Graphene audio equipment producers and products. 336
  • Table 172. Graphene sporting goods producers and products.      337
  • Table 173: Graphene producers and types produced.      338
  • Table 174: Graphene producers target market matrix.     342
  • Table 175: Graphene product developers and end users target market matrix.     345
  • Table 176. Assessment of key global graphene players.   348
  • Table 177. Market opportunity assessment for main graphene applications.          538
  • Table 178: 2D materials types.   555
  • Table 179. Comparative properties of BNNTs and CNTs.  558
  • Table 180. Applications of BNNTs.            558
  • Table 181: Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2.            567
  • Table 182: Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2-D nanomaterials.           585
  • Table 183. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Examples.  591
  • Table 184: Categorization of nanomaterials.         593

 

Figures

  • Figure 1. Demand for graphene, by market, 2019.              36
  • Figure 2. Demand for graphene, by market, 2031.              40
  • Figure 3. Demand for graphene, 2018-2031, tons.             44
  • Figure 4. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2031 (tons). Low estimate.  46
  • Figure 5. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2031 (tons). Medium estimate.         47
  • Figure 6. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2031 (tons). High estimate. 48
  • Figure 7: Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2019.             49
  • Figure 8: Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2019.  50
  • Figure 9. Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific.            51
  • Figure 10: Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2019.         53
  • Figure 11: Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2019.       55
  • Figure 12: Graphene layer structure schematic.  70
  • Figure 13: Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG.    70
  • Figure 14: Graphite and graphene.           71
  • Figure 15: Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene.   72
  • Figure 16: Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots.    74
  • Figure 17. Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4).      75
  • Figure 18. Graphene quantum dots.        77
  • Figure 19. Top-down and bottom-up methods.   78
  • Figure 20: TRL for graphene quantum dots.          86
  • Figure 21. Revenues for graphene quantum dots 2019-2031, millions USD              88
  • Figure 22. Fabrication methods of graphene.       89
  • Figure 23. TEM micrographs of: A) HR-CNFs; B) GANF® HR-CNF, it can be observed its high graphitic structure; C) Unraveled ribbon from the HR-CNF; D) Detail of the ribbon; E) Scheme of the structure of the HR-CNFs; F) Large single graphene oxide sheets derived from GANF.         90
  • Figure 24: (a) Graphene powder production line in The Sixth Element Materials Technology Co. Ltd. (b) Graphene film production line of Wuxi Graphene Films Co. Ltd. 91
  • Figure 25. Schematic illustration of the main graphene production methods.        92
  • Figure 26: Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2018.             102
  • Figure 27. Demand for graphene, 2018-2031, tons.           104
  • Figure 28: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by region, 2010-2019.        107
  • Figure 29: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2019.               110
  • Figure 30: CVD Graphene on Cu Foil.        119
  • Figure 31. Applications of graphene in 3D printing.            130
  • Figure 32: Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2031.            131
  • Figure 33. CNCTArch lightweight mounting for digital signalling.  132
  • Figure 34. Applications of graphene in adhesives.              138
  • Figure 35: Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2031.                139
  • Figure 36: Graphene Adhesives. 140
  • Figure 37. Applications of graphene in automotive.          144
  • Figure 38: Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2031.             145
  • Figure 39: Supercar incorporating graphene.       146
  • Figure 40. Graphene anti-corrosion primer.          147
  • Figure 41. Graphene-R Brake pads.          148
  • Figure 42: Antistatic graphene tire.          148
  • Figure 43. Graphene engine oil additives.              149
  • Figure 44. Annual cobalt demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2030.    153
  • Figure 45. Annual lithium demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2030.   153
  • Figure 46. Costs of batteries to 2030.       155
  • Figure 47. Applications of graphene in batteries. 164
  • Figure 48: Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2031.  165
  • Figure 49. Apollo Traveler graphene-enhanced USB-C / A fast charging power bank.          166
  • Figure 50. 6000mAh Portable graphene batteries.             167
  • Figure 51. Real Graphene Powerbank.    168
  • Figure 52. Graphene Functional Films - UniTran EH/FH.   169
  • Figure 53. Applications of graphene in composites.           174
  • Figure 54. Demand for graphene in composites (tons), 2018-2031.             177
  • Figure 55. Graphene bike.            178
  • Figure 56. Graphene lacrosse equipment.             178
  • Figure 57. Graphene-based suitcase made from recycled plastic. 179
  • Figure 58. Aros Create.  180
  • Figure 59. Grays graphene hockey sticks.               181
  • Figure 60. Applications of graphene in conductive inks.   187
  • Figure 61: Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2031.       189
  • Figure 62: BGT Materials graphene ink product. 190
  • Figure 63: Printed graphene conductive ink.         190
  • Figure 64: Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink.  191
  • Figure 65. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete.       194
  • Figure 66: Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2031.           197
  • Figure 67. Graphene asphalt additives.   198
  • Figure 68. OG (Original Graphene) Concrete Admix Plus. 198
  • Figure 69: Demand for graphene in electronics, 2018-2031.            204
  • Figure 70: Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application.         205
  • Figure 71. Applications of graphene in transistors and integrated circuits.               210
  • Figure 72: Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2031.              211
  • Figure 73. Graphene IC in wafer tester.  212
  • Figure 74: Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right).      213
  • Figure 75: Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2031.                217
  • Figure 76. Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random-access memory (RRAM).             218
  • Figure 77. Applications of graphene in filtration. 224
  • Figure 78: Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2031.   226
  • Figure 79. Graphene anti-smog mask.     227
  • Figure 80. Graphene filtration membrane.            227
  • Figure 81. Water filer cartridge. 228
  • Figure 82. Applications of graphene in fuel cells. 234
  • Figure 83: Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2031.   235
  • Figure 84. Graphene-based E-skin patch.               237
  • Figure 85.  Flexible and transparent bracelet that uses graphene to measure heart rate, respiration rate etc.          241
  • Figure 86. Applications of graphene in life sciences and medicine               246
  • Figure 87: Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2031.   247
  • Figure 88. Graphene medical biosensors for wound healing.         248
  • Figure 89: Graphene Frontiers’ Six™ chemical sensors consists of a field effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel. Receptor molecules, such as DNA, are attached directly to the graphene channel.            249
  • Figure 90: GraphWear wearable sweat sensor.   250
  • Figure 91. Applications of graphene in lighting.   255
  • Figure 92: Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2031.  256
  • Figure 93. Graphene LED bulbs. 257
  • Figure 94. Applications of graphene in lubricants.              262
  • Figure 95: Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2031.                 263
  • Figure 96. Tricolit spray coating. 264
  • Figure 97. Graphenoil products. 265
  • Figure 98. Applications of graphene in oil and gas.             269
  • Figure 99: Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2031.               270
  • Figure 100: Directa Plus Grafysorber.      271
  • Figure 101: Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2031.           277
  • Figure 102. Cryorig CPU cooling system with graphene coating.   279
  • Figure 103: Four layers of graphene oxide coatings on polycarbonate.      279
  • Figure 104. 23303 ZINCTON GNC graphene paint.              280
  • Figure 105. Graphene-enhanced anti-corrosion aerosols under their Hycote brand.            280
  • Figure 106. Scania Truck head lamp brackets ACT chamber 6 weeks, equivalent to 3y field use. Piece treated with GO to the left together with different non-GO coatings.         281
  • Figure 107. Schematic of graphene heat film.       282
  • Figure 108. Applications of graphene in photonics.            288
  • Figure 109: Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2031.           289
  • Figure 110. All-graphene optical communication link demonstrator operating at a data rate of 25 Gb/s per channel.                289
  • Figure 111. Applications of graphene in photovoltaics.    295
  • Figure 112: Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2031.       296
  • Figure 113. Graphene coated glass.          297
  • Figure 114. Applications of graphene in rubber and tires.               302
  • Figure 115: Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2031.  303
  • Figure 116. Eagle F1 graphene tire.          304
  • Figure 117. Graphene floor mats.              305
  • Figure 118. Vittoria Corsa G+ tire.             305
  • Figure 119. Graphene-based sensors for health monitoring.          306
  • Figure 120. Applications of graphene in sensors. 311
  • Figure 121: Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2031.  312
  • Figure 122. AGILE R100 system. 313
  • Figure 123. Graphene fully packaged linear array detector.           314
  • Figure 124: GFET sensors.            314
  • Figure 125. Graphene is used to increase sensitivity to middle-infrared light.         316
  • Figure 126. Applications of graphene in smart textiles and apparel.           322
  • Figure 127: Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2031.   323
  • Figure 128. Colmar graphene ski jacket. 324
  • Figure 129. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing.           325
  • Figure 130. G+ Graphene Aero Jersey.    325
  • Figure 131: Inov-8 graphene shoes.         326
  • Figure 132. Graphene Functional Membranes - UniTran GM.        327
  • Figure 133. Graphene jacket.      327
  • Figure 134. Applications of graphene in supercapacitors. 332
  • Figure 135: Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2031.  333
  • Figure 136. Skeleton Technologies supercapacitor.           335
  • Figure 137: Zapgo supercapacitor phone charger.              335
  • Figure 138. Graphene heating films.        351
  • Figure 139. Graphene flake products.     357
  • Figure 140. AIKA Black-T.              360
  • Figure 141. Printed graphene biosensors.             367
  • Figure 142. Brain Scientific electrode schematic. 378
  • Figure 143. Graphene battery schematic.              398
  • Figure 144. Dotz Nano GQD products.     399
  • Figure 145.  InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination.               441
  • Figure 146. Sensor surface.          453
  • Figure 147. BioStamp nPoint.      464
  • Figure 148. MEIJO eDIPS product.             466
  • Figure 149. Nanotech Energy battery.     480
  • Figure 150. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept.             482
  • Figure 151. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite. 483
  • Figure 152. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production.          484
  • Figure 153. TEM images of carbon nanobrush.    485
  • Figure 154. Test performance after 6 weeks ACT II according to Scania STD4445.  496
  • Figure 155. Quantag GQDs and sensor.  498
  • Figure 156. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint.  516
  • Figure 157. T-FORCE CARDEA ZERO.         517
  • Figure 158: Prototype of Graphene-integrated UF filter cartridge.               518
  • Figure 159: Schematic of 2-D materials.  556
  • Figure 160: Schematic of Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). Alternating B and N atoms are shown in blue and red.                558
  • Figure 161: Structure of hexagonal boron nitride.              559
  • Figure 162: BN nanosheet textiles application.    561
  • Figure 163: Structure of 2D molybdenum disulfide.          561
  • Figure 164: SEM image of MoS2.               562
  • Figure 165: Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor.              563
  • Figure 166: Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge.            564
  • Figure 167: Borophene schematic.           565
  • Figure 168: Black phosphorus structure. 566
  • Figure 169: Black Phosphorus crystal.      567
  • Figure 170: Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation.                569
  • Figure 171: Graphitic carbon nitride.        571
  • Figure 172: Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal. Credit: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology.         572
  • Figure 173: Schematic of germanene.     573
  • Figure 174: Graphdiyne structure.            574
  • Figure 175: Schematic of Graphane crystal.           576
  • Figure 176: Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulfide.          577
  • Figure 177: Silicene structure.    578
  • Figure 178: Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate.            579
  • Figure 179: Silicene transistor.    580
  • Figure 180: Crystal structure for stanene.              581
  • Figure 181: Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111).   581
  • Figure 182: Schematic of tungsten diselenide.     582
  • Figure 183: Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe).               584

 

 

 

 

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