Published July 2021 | 670 pages, 184 tables, 193 figures | Table of contents
The market for graphene has grown hugely in the past decade, with numerous products now on the market and more to come as graphene producers record steadily increasing revenues and OEMs witnessing significant returns in clothing, sportswear, footwear, tires, batteries etc. Graphene is attracting increasing attention from investors, researchers and industrial players due to exceptional mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties. Graphene is available in multi-ton quantities from many producers and has been identified by many industry sectors as a key materials that will drive future product development in flexible electronics, smart textiles, biosensors, drug delivery, water filtration, supercapacitors and more.
The Graphene Market Report 2021 is the most comprehensive and up-to date report on graphene currently available, by the world's leading market authority on graphene and publisher of Graphene Magazine. Profiling over 300 companies, the report provides key information for investors and executives to enable them to understand and take advantage of the opportunities provided by graphene (other 2D materials are also covered).
The Graphene Market Report 2021 contains:
- Unique market assessment tools to assess the viability of graphene, by market, and application.
- Tabular data on current graphene products.
- Market assessment of other 2D materials.
- Assessment of graphene by market including applications, key benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for graphene, technology drawbacks, competing materials, potential consumption of graphene to 2031 and main players.
- Graphical depictions of graphene applications by market.
- In depth-assessment of graphene producer and distributor pricing in 2020.
- Global market for graphene in tons, by sector, historical and forecast to 2031. Global graphene market size split by market in 2020and for each application to 2031.
- Full list of technology collaborations, strategic partnerships, and M&As in the global graphene market including collaboration dates.
- In-depth profiles of more than 300 graphene producers and application/product developers including products, production capacities, manufacturing methods, collaborations, licensing, customers and target markets. Companies profiled include Directa Plus, Global Graphene Group, ZEN Graphene Solutions, Saint Jean Carbon, Huvis, SafeLi LLC, Graphex Group Ltd, Versarien, Talga Resources, Archer Materials, Haydale Graphene, Paragraf, Graphenea and many more.
- List of ex-graphene producers.
- Detailed forecasts for key growth areas, opportunities and demand.
- Market impact of COVID-19 crisis on the graphene market, by end user industry.
- Market overview of industry developments in 2020-21.
- Analysis of 2D materials market including Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), hexagonal boron-nitride (BNNS), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), Mxenes, Borophene, Phosphorene, Graphitic carbon nitride, Germanene, Graphyne, graphane, Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2), silicene, Stanene/tinene, Tungsten diselenide, Antimonene, diamene and indium selenide.
- Spreadsheet of graphene producers and production quantities.
- Spreadsheet of current graphene prices.
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 34
- 1.1 Why graphene? 34
- 1.1.1 Exceptional properties 34
- 1.1.2 Commercial opportunities 35
- 1.1.3 Collaboration key? 35
- 1.2 The market in 2019 36
- 1.3 The market in 2020 38
- 1.3.1 Graphene market developments 2020 39
- 1.3.2 Graphene funding and investments 2020-2021 41
- 1.4 The market in 2021 42
- 1.4.1 Graphene market developments in 2021 42
- 1.5 Future global market outlook 44
- 1.6 Publicly listed graphene companies 45
- 1.7 Production capacities 45
- 1.8 Global graphene demand, 2018-2031, tons 48
- 1.8.1 Market segmentation, historical and forecast to 2031 50
- 1.9 Graphene market by region 53
- 1.9.1 Asia-Pacific 53
- 1.9.1.1 China 53
- 1.9.1.2 Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific 55
- 1.9.2 North America 56
- 1.9.2.1 Main graphene producers in North America 56
- 1.9.3 Europe 58
- 1.9.3.1 Main graphene producers in Europe 58
- 1.9.1 Asia-Pacific 53
- 1.10 List of commercialized graphene products 60
- 1.11 Graphene investments 62
- 1.12 Industrial collaborations and licence agreements 64
- 1.13 Graphene market challenges 71
- 1.14 Market impact from COVID-19 pandemic 73
2 OVERVIEW OF GRAPHENE 75
- 2.1 History 75
- 2.2 Types of graphene 76
- 2.3 Properties 77
3 GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS 79
- 3.1 Composition 79
- 3.2 Comparison to quantum dots 80
- 3.3 Properties 81
- 3.4 Synthesis 81
- 3.4.1 Top-down method 81
- 3.4.2 Bottom-up method 82
- 3.4.3 Comparison of synthesis methods 82
- 3.5 Applications 84
- 3.6 Markets 85
- 3.6.1 Electronics and photonics 85
- 3.6.2 Energy storage and conversion 86
- 3.6.3 Sensors 87
- 3.6.4 Biomedicine and life sciences 88
- 3.6.5 Anti-counterfeiting 89
- 3.7 Challenges 90
- 3.8 Production of graphene quantum dots 91
- 3.8.1 Current and projected revenues 91
- 3.8.2 Pricing 92
4 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION 93
- 4.1 Quality 94
- 4.2 Assessment of graphene production methods 95
5 REGULATIONS 100
- 5.1 Environmental, health and safety regulation 100
- 5.1.1 Europe 100
- 5.1.2 United States 101
- 5.1.3 Asia-Pacific 102
- 5.2 Workplace exposure 103
6 GRAPHENE PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS 105
7 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION 107
- 7.1 Commercial production capacities 108
- 7.2 Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide production capacities 109
- 7.2.1 By producer 109
- 7.2.2 By region 110
- 7.3 Graphene nanoplatelets production capacities 111
- 7.3.1 By producer 112
- 7.3.2 Production capacity by region 113
- 7.4 CVD graphene film 114
- 7.4.1 By producer 114
- 7.5 Graphene production issues and challenges 115
- 7.5.1 Oversupply 115
- 7.5.2 Quality 115
- 7.5.3 Large-volume markets 116
- 7.5.4 Commoditisation 116
- 7.5.5 Industrial end-user perspective 117
8 GRAPHENE PRICING 118
- 8.1 Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene 119
- 8.2 Few-Layer graphene pricing 121
- 8.3 Graphene nanoplatelets pricing 122
- 8.4 Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing 123
- 8.5 Graphene quantum dots pricing 124
- 8.6 Multilayer graphene (MLG) pricing 125
- 8.7 Graphene ink 126
9 MARKETS FOR GRAPHENE 127
- 9.1 3D PRINTING 127
- 9.1.1 Graphene in 3D printing 127
- 9.1.2 Market outlook 127
- 9.1.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 128
- 9.1.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 131
- 9.1.5 Product developers 133
- 9.2 ADHESIVES 135
- 9.2.1 Graphene in adhesives 135
- 9.2.2 Market outlook 136
- 9.2.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 136
- 9.2.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 139
- 9.2.5 Product developers 140
- 9.3 AUTOMOTIVE 142
- 9.3.1 Graphene in the automotive sector 142
- 9.3.2 Market outlook 143
- 9.3.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 144
- 9.3.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 147
- 9.3.5 Product developers 148
- 9.4 BATTERIES 152
- 9.4.1 Graphene in batteries 152
- 9.4.1.1 Battery market megatrends 153
- 9.4.2 Market outlook 158
- 9.4.2.1 Flexible and stretchable batteries 160
- 9.4.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 161
- 9.4.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 166
- 9.4.5 Product developers 167
- 9.4.1 Graphene in batteries 152
- 9.5 COMPOSITES 173
- 9.5.1 Graphene in composites 173
- 9.5.2 Fiber-based polymer composite parts 173
- 9.5.2.1 Market outlook 173
- 9.5.2.2 Market drivers, trends and applications 174
- 9.5.3 Metal-matrix composites 178
- 9.5.3.1 Market drivers, trends and applications 178
- 9.5.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 179
- 9.5.5 Product developers 180
- 9.6 CONDUCTIVE INKS 186
- 9.6.1 Graphene in conductive inks 186
- 9.6.2 Market outlook 186
- 9.6.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 187
- 9.6.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 191
- 9.6.5 Product developers 193
- 9.7 CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGS 196
- 9.7.1 Graphene in construction and buildings 196
- 9.7.2 Market outlook 196
- 9.7.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 197
- 9.7.3.1 Cement 197
- 9.7.3.2 Asphalt bitumen 199
- 9.7.3.3 Aerogels 200
- 9.7.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 201
- 9.7.5 Product developers 202
- 9.8 ELECTRONICS 205
- 9.8.1 WEARABLE ELECTRONICS AND DISPLAYS 205
- 9.8.1.1 Graphene in wearable electronics and displays 205
- 9.8.1.2 Market outlook 206
- 9.8.1.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 206
- 9.8.1.4 Global market, historical and forecast to 2031 209
- 9.8.1.5 Product developers 210
- 9.8.2 TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 212
- 9.8.2.1 Graphene in transistors and integrated circuits 212
- 9.8.2.2 Market outlook 212
- 9.8.2.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 213
- 9.8.2.4 Global market, historical and forecast to 2031 216
- 9.8.2.5 Product developers 217
- 9.8.3 MEMORY DEVICES 219
- 9.8.3.1 Graphene in memory devices 219
- 9.8.3.2 Market outlook 219
- 9.8.3.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 220
- 9.8.3.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 221
- 9.8.3.5 Product developers 222
- 9.8.1 WEARABLE ELECTRONICS AND DISPLAYS 205
- 9.9 FILTER MEDIA 224
- 9.9.1 Graphene in filter media 224
- 9.9.2 Market prospects 224
- 9.9.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 225
- 9.9.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 229
- 9.9.5 Product developers 231
- 9.10 FUEL CELLS 234
- 9.10.1 Graphene in fuel cells 234
- 9.10.2 Market outlook 234
- 9.10.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 235
- 9.10.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 239
- 9.10.5 Product developers 240
- 9.11 LIFE SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 241
- 9.11.1 Graphene in life sciences and medicine 241
- 9.11.2 Market outlook 242
- 9.11.2.1 Drug delivery 242
- 9.11.2.2 Imaging and diagnostics 243
- 9.11.2.3 Implants 243
- 9.11.2.4 Medical biosensors 244
- 9.11.2.5 Woundcare 245
- 9.11.2.6 Medical wearables 245
- 9.11.2.7 Gene delivery 246
- 9.11.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 247
- 9.11.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 251
- 9.11.5 Product developers 253
- 9.12 LIGHTING 257
- 9.12.1 Graphene in lighting 257
- 9.12.2 Market outlook 257
- 9.12.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 258
- 9.12.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 260
- 9.12.5 Product developers 261
- 9.13 LUBRICANTS 263
- 9.13.1 Graphene in lubricants. 263
- 9.13.2 Market outlook 264
- 9.13.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 265
- 9.13.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 267
- 9.13.5 Product developers 268
- 9.14 OIL AND GAS 271
- 9.14.1 Graphene in oil and gas 271
- 9.14.2 Market outlook 271
- 9.14.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 272
- 9.14.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 274
- 9.14.5 Product developers 275
- 9.15 PAINTS AND COATINGS 277
- 9.15.1 Graphene in paints and coatings 277
- 9.15.2 Market outlook 277
- 9.15.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 278
- 9.15.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 281
- 9.15.5 Product developers 283
- 9.16 PHOTONICS 288
- 9.16.1 Graphene in paints and coatings. 288
- 9.16.2 Market outlook 288
- 9.16.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 289
- 9.16.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 292
- 9.16.5 Product developers 293
- 9.17 PHOTOVOLTAICS 295
- 9.17.1 Graphene in photovoltaics 295
- 9.17.2 Market outlook 296
- 9.17.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 296
- 9.17.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 299
- 9.17.5 Product developers 300
- 9.18 RUBBER AND TIRES 302
- 9.18.1 Graphene in rubber and tires. 302
- 9.18.2 Market outlook 302
- 9.18.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 303
- 9.18.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 306
- 9.18.5 Product developers 308
- 9.19 SENSORS 310
- 9.19.1 Graphene in sensors. 310
- 9.19.2 Market outlook 311
- 9.19.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 311
- 9.19.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 315
- 9.19.5 Product developers 317
- 9.20 TEXTILES AND APPAREL 321
- 9.20.1 Graphene in textiles and apparel. 321
- 9.20.2 Market outlook 321
- 9.20.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 322
- 9.20.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 327
- 9.20.5 Product developers 328
- 9.21 SUPERCAPACITORS 333
- 9.21.1 Graphene in supercapacitors. 333
- 9.21.2 Market outlook 333
- 9.21.3 Market drivers, trends and applications 334
- 9.21.3.1 Flexible and stretchable supercapacitors 336
- 9.21.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 337
- 9.21.5 Product developers 338
- 9.22 OTHER MARKETS 341
- 9.22.1 Audio equipment 341
- 9.22.2 Sporting goods and apparel 341
10 GRAPHENE PRODUCER ASSESSMENT 343
- 10.1 Types of graphene produced, by producer 343
- 10.2 Markets targeted, by producer 347
- 10.3 Graphene product developers target markets 350
11 GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES 354 (304 company profiles)
12 GRAPHENE EX-PRODUCERS AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS 589
13 OTHER 2-D MATERIALS 604
- 13.1 2D MATERIALS PRODUCTION METHODS 607
- 13.1.1 Top-down exfoliation 607
- 13.1.2 Bottom-up synthesis 608
- 13.2 HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE (h-BN) 608
- 13.2.1 Properties 609
- 13.2.2 Applications and markets 609
- 13.2.2.1 Electronics 609
- 13.2.2.2 Fuel cells 609
- 13.2.2.3 Adsorbents 610
- 13.2.2.4 Photodetectors 610
- 13.2.2.5 Textiles 610
- 13.2.2.6 Biomedical 610
- 13.3 MXENES 611
- 13.3.1 Properties 611
- 13.3.2 Applications 612
- 13.3.2.1 Catalysts 612
- 13.3.2.2 Hydrogels 612
- 13.3.2.3 Energy storage devices 612
- 13.3.2.4 Gas Separation 613
- 13.3.2.5 Liquid Separation 613
- 13.3.2.6 Antibacterials 613
- 13.4 TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDES (TMDC) 614
- 13.4.1 Properties 614
- 13.4.1.1 Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) 615
- 13.4.1.2 Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) 616
- 13.4.2 Applications 616
- 13.4.2.1 Electronics 616
- 13.4.2.2 Biomedical 617
- 13.4.2.3 Photovoltaics 617
- 13.4.2.4 Piezoelectrics 617
- 13.4.2.5 Sensors 617
- 13.4.2.6 Filtration 618
- 13.4.2.7 Batteries and supercapacitors 618
- 13.4.2.8 Fiber lasers 618
- 13.4.1 Properties 614
- 13.5 BOROPHENE 619
- 13.5.1 Properties 619
- 13.5.2 Applications 619
- 13.5.2.1 Energy storage 619
- 13.5.2.2 Hydrogen storage 620
- 13.5.2.3 Sensors 620
- 13.5.2.4 Electronics 620
- 13.6 PHOSPHORENE 620
- 13.6.1 Properties 621
- 13.6.1.1 Fabrication methods 622
- 13.6.1.2 Challenges for the use of phosphorene in devices 623
- 13.6.2 Applications 623
- 13.6.2.1 Electronics 623
- 13.6.2.2 Field effect transistors 623
- 13.6.2.3 Thermoelectrics 624
- 13.6.2.4 Batteries 624
- 13.6.2.5 Supercapacitors 625
- 13.6.2.6 Photodetectors 625
- 13.6.2.7 Sensors 625
- 13.6.1 Properties 621
- 13.7 GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE (g-C3N4) 626
- 13.7.1 Properties 626
- 13.7.2 Synthesis 626
- 13.7.3 C2N 626
- 13.7.4 Applications 627
- 13.7.4.1 Electronics 627
- 13.7.4.2 Filtration membranes 627
- 13.7.4.3 Photocatalysts 627
- 13.7.4.4 Batteries 627
- 13.7.4.5 Sensors 628
- 13.8 GERMANENE 629
- 13.8.1 Properties 629
- 13.8.2 Applications 629
- 13.8.2.1 Electronics 629
- 13.8.2.2 Batteries 630
- 13.9 GRAPHDIYNE 630
- 13.9.1 Properties 630
- 13.9.2 Applications 631
- 13.9.2.1 Electronics 631
- 13.9.2.2 Batteries 631
- 13.9.2.3 Separation membranes 631
- 13.9.2.4 Water filtration 632
- 13.9.2.5 Photocatalysts 632
- 13.9.2.6 Photovoltaics 632
- 13.10 GRAPHANE 632
- 13.10.1 Properties 633
- 13.10.2 Applications 633
- 13.10.2.1 Electronics 633
- 13.10.2.2 Hydrogen storage 633
- 13.11 RHENIUM DISULFIDE (ReS2) AND DISELENIDE (ReSe2) 634
- 13.11.1 Properties 634
- 13.11.2 Applications 634
- 13.11.2.1 Electronics 634
- 13.12 SILICENE 635
- 13.12.1 Properties 635
- 13.12.2 Applications 636
- 13.12.2.1 Electronics 636
- 13.12.2.2 Photovoltaics 636
- 13.12.2.3 Thermoelectrics 637
- 13.12.2.4 Batteries 637
- 13.12.2.5 Sensors 637
- 13.13 STANENE/TINENE 637
- 13.13.1 Properties 638
- 13.13.2 Applications 638
- 13.13.2.1 Electronics 638
- 13.14 ANTIMONENE 639
- 13.14.1 Properties 639
- 13.14.2 Applications 639
- 13.15 INDIUM SELENIDE 639
- 13.15.1 Properties 639
- 13.15.2 Applications 640
- 13.15.2.1 Electronics 640
- 13.16 LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES (LDH) 640
- 13.16.1 Properties 640
- 13.16.2 Applications 641
- 13.16.2.1 Adsorbent 641
- 13.16.2.2 Catalyst 641
- 13.16.2.3 Sensors 641
- 13.16.2.4 Electrodes 641
- 13.16.2.5 Flame Retardants 642
- 13.16.2.6 Biosensors 642
- 13.16.2.7 Tissue engineering 642
- 13.16.2.8 Anti-Microbials 642
- 13.16.2.9 Drug Delivery 642
- 13.17 2D MATERIALS PRODUCER AND SUPPLIER PROFILES 643
14 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 649
- 14.1 Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 649
15 REFERENCES 652
List of Tables
- Table 1. Graphene market developments in 2020. 39
- Table 2. Graphene funding and investments in 2020. 41
- Table 3. Graphene market developments in 2021. 42
- Table 4. Publicly listed graphene companies. 45
- Table 5. Main graphene producers by country, annual production capacities, types and main markets they sell into 2020. 46
- Table 6. Demand for graphene (tons), 2018-2031. 48
- Table 7. Main graphene producers in North America. 56
- Table 8. Main graphene producers in Europe. 58
- Table 9. Products incorporating graphene. 60
- Table 10. Graphene investments and financial agreements. 62
- Table 11. Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets. 64
- Table 12. Graphene market challenges. 71
- Table 13. Assessment of impact from COVID-19 by end user market. Key: Low, little impact and market will continue to grow. Medium, market impacted to some degree affecting growth prospects over next 1-2 years. High: Market significantly impacted. 73
- Table 14. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof. 77
- Table 15. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs. 80
- Table 16. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for preparing GQDs. 83
- Table 17. Applications of graphene quantum dots. 84
- Table 18. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics and photonics. 85
- Table 19. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in energy storage and conversion. 86
- Table 20. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in sensors. 87
- Table 21. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in biomedicine and life sciences. 88
- Table 22. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics. 89
- Table 23. Market and technology challenges for graphene quantum dots. 90
- Table 24. Prices for graphene quantum dots. 92
- Table 25. Assessment of graphene production methods. 96
- Table 26. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Europe. 100
- Table 27. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in North America. 101
- Table 28. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Asia-Pacific. 102
- Table 29. Accumulated number of patent publications for graphene, 2004-2019. 105
- Table 30. Demand for graphene (tons), 2018-2031. 107
- Table 31. Graphene oxide production capacity by producer, 2010-2020. 109
- Table 32. Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by region, 2010-2019. 110
- Table 33. Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by producer, 2010-2020. 112
- Table 34. Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2019. 113
- Table 35. CVD graphene film capacity by producer, 2010-2020 in 000s m2. 114
- Table 36. Types of graphene and typical prices. 118
- Table 37. Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer. 120
- Table 38. Few-layer graphene pricing by producer. 121
- Table 39. Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer. 122
- Table 40. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer. 123
- Table 41. Graphene quantum dots pricing by producer. 125
- Table 42. Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer. 125
- Table 43. Graphene ink pricing by producer. 126
- Table 44. Market overview for graphene in 3D printing. 127
- Table 45. Market outlook for graphene in 3D printing. 127
- Table 46. Market and applications for graphene in 3D printing. 128
- Table 47. Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2031. 131
- Table 48. Product developers in graphene 3D printing. 133
- Table 49. Market overview for graphene in adhesives. 135
- Table 50. Market outlook for graphene in adhesives. 136
- Table 51. Market and applications for graphene in adhesives. 136
- Table 52. Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2031. 139
- Table 53. Product developers in graphene adhesives. 140
- Table 54. Market overview for graphene in the automotive market. 143
- Table 55. Market outlook for graphene in automotive. 143
- Table 56. Market and applications for graphene in automotive. 144
- Table 57. Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2031. 147
- Table 58. Product developers in the graphene automotive market. 148
- Table 59. Applications of nanomaterials in batteries. 152
- Table 60. Market overview for graphene in batteries. 157
- Table 61. Market outlook for graphene in batteries. 158
- Table 62. Market drivers for use of nanomaterials in batteries. 158
- Table 63. Applications of nanomaterials in flexible and stretchable batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof. 161
- Table 64. Market and applications for graphene in batteries. 161
- Table 65. Estimated demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2031. 166
- Table 66. Product developers in graphene batteries. 167
- Table 67. Market overview for graphene in composites. 173
- Table 68. Market outlook for graphene in fiber-based polymer composite parts. 173
- Table 69. Market and applications for graphene in fiber-based composite parts. 174
- Table 70. Market and applications for graphene in metal matrix composites. 178
- Table 71. Global market for graphene in composites 2018-2031, tons. 179
- Table 72. Product developers in graphene composites. 180
- Table 73. Market overview for graphene in conductive inks. 186
- Table 74. Market outlook for graphene in conductive inks. 186
- Table 75. Market and applications for graphene in conductive inks. 187
- Table 76. Comparative properties of conductive inks. 190
- Table 77. Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2031. 191
- Table 78. Product developers in graphene conductive inks. 193
- Table 79. Market overview for graphene in construction and buildings. 196
- Table 80. Market outlook for graphene in construction. 196
- Table 81. Graphene for cement. 197
- Table 82. Graphene for asphalt bitumen. 199
- Table 83. Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2031. 201
- Table 84: Graphene product developers in construction. 202
- Table 85. Market overview for graphene in wearable electronics and displays. 205
- Table 86. Market outlook for graphene in wearable electronics and displays. 206
- Table 87. Market and applications for graphene in electronics. 206
- Table 88. Comparison of ITO replacements. 208
- Table 89. Demand for graphene in wearable, flexible and stretchable electronics, 2018-2031. 209
- Table 90. Product developers in graphene-based electronics. 210
- Table 91. Market overview for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits. 212
- Table 92. Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors. 212
- Table 93. Market outlook for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits. 212
- Table 94. Market and applications for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits. 213
- Table 95. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2031. 216
- Table 96. Product developers in graphene transistors and integrated circuits. 217
- Table 97. Market overview for graphene in memory devices. 219
- Table 98. Market outlook for graphene in memory devices. 219
- Table 99. Market and applications for graphene in memory devices. 220
- Table 100. Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2031. 221
- Table 101. Product developers in graphene memory devices. 222
- Table 102. Market overview for graphene in filtration. 224
- Table 103. Market outlook for graphene in filtration. 224
- Table 104. Market and applications for graphene in filtration. 225
- Table 105. Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2031. 229
- Table 106. Graphene companies in filtration. 231
- Table 107. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells. 234
- Table 108. Market outlook for graphene in fuel cells. 234
- Table 109. Market and applications for graphene in fuel cells. 235
- Table 110. Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2031. 239
- Table 111. Product developers in graphene fuel cells. 240
- Table 112. Market overview for graphene in life sciences and medicine. 242
- Table 113. Market outlook for graphene in drug delivery. 242
- Table 114. Scorecard for graphene in imaging and diagnostics. 243
- Table 115. Scorecard for graphene in medical implants. 243
- Table 116. Scorecard for graphene in medical biosensors. 244
- Table 117. Scorecard for graphene in woundcare. 245
- Table 118. Market and applications for graphene in life sciences and medicine. 247
- Table 119. Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2031. 251
- Table 120. Product developers in graphene life sciences and biomedicine. 253
- Table 121. Market overview for graphene in lighting. 257
- Table 122. Market outlook for graphene in lighting. 257
- Table 123. Market and applications for graphene in lighting. 258
- Table 124. Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2031. 260
- Table 125. Product developers in graphene lighting. 261
- Table 126. Market overview for graphene in lubricants. 263
- Table 127. Nanomaterial lubricant products. 263
- Table 128. Market outlook for graphene in lubricants. 264
- Table 129. Market and applications for graphene in lubricants. 265
- Table 130. Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2031. 267
- Table 131. Product developers in graphene lubricants. 268
- Table 132. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas. 271
- Table 133. Market outlook for graphene in oil and gas. 271
- Table 134. Market and applications for graphene in oil and gas. 272
- Table 135. Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2031. 274
- Table 136. Product developers in graphene oil and gas. 275
- Table 137. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings. 277
- Table 138. Market outlook for graphene in paints and coatings. 277
- Table 139. Market and applications for graphene in paints and coatings. 278
- Table 140. Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2031. 281
- Table 141. Product developers in graphene paints and coatings. 283
- Table 142. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings. 288
- Table 143. Market outlook for graphene in photonics. 288
- Table 144. Market and applications for graphene in photonics. 289
- Table 145. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2031. 292
- Table 146. Product developers in graphene photonics. 293
- Table 147. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics. 295
- Table 148. Market outlook for graphene in photovoltaics. 296
- Table 149. Market and applications for graphene in photovoltaics. 296
- Table 150. Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2031. 299
- Table 151. Product developers in graphene solar. 300
- Table 152. Market overview for graphene in rubber and tires. 302
- Table 153. Market outlook for graphene in rubber and tires. 302
- Table 154. Market and applications for graphene in rubber and tires. 303
- Table 155. Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2031. 306
- Table 156. Product developers in rubber and tires. 308
- Table 157. Market overview for graphene in sensors. 310
- Table 158. Market outlook for graphene in sensors. 311
- Table 159. Market and applications for graphene in sensors. 311
- Table 160. Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2031. 315
- Table 161. Product developers in graphene sensors. 317
- Table 162. Market overview for graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 321
- Table 163. Market outlook for graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 321
- Table 164. Market and applications for graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 322
- Table 165. Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2031. 327
- Table 166. Graphene product developers in smart textiles and apparel. 328
- Table 167. Market overview for graphene in supercapacitors. 333
- Table 168. Market outlook for graphene in supercapacitors. 333
- Table 169: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. 334
- Table 170. Market and applications for graphene in supercapacitors. 334
- Table 171. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2031. 337
- Table 172. Product developers in graphene supercapacitors. 338
- Table 173. Graphene audio equipment producers and products. 341
- Table 174. Graphene sporting goods producers and products. 342
- Table 175. Graphene producers and types produced. 343
- Table 176. Graphene producers target market matrix. 347
- Table 177. Graphene product developers and end users target market matrix. 350
- Table 178. Performance criteria of energy storage devices. 585
- Table 179. 2D materials types. 604
- Table 180. 2D materials types. 606
- Table 181. Comparison of top-down exfoliation methods to produce 2D materials. 607
- Table 182. Comparison of the bottom-up synthesis methods to produce 2D materials. 608
- Table 183. Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2. 622
- Table 184. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Examples. 650
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Demand for graphene, by market, 2019. 37
- Figure 2. Demand for graphene, by market, 2020. 39
- Figure 3. Demand for graphene, 2018-2031, tons. 49
- Figure 4. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2031 (tons). Low estimate. 50
- Figure 5. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2031 (tons). Medium estimate. 51
- Figure 6. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2031 (tons). High estimate. 52
- Figure 7. Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2020. 53
- Figure 8. Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2020. 54
- Figure 9. Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific. 55
- Figure 10. Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2020. 57
- Figure 11. Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2020. 59
- Figure 12. Graphene layer structure schematic. 75
- Figure 13. Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG. 75
- Figure 14. Graphite and graphene. 76
- Figure 15. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene. 77
- Figure 16. Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots. 79
- Figure 17. Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4). 80
- Figure 18. Graphene quantum dots. 82
- Figure 19. Top-down and bottom-up graphene QD synthesis methods. 83
- Figure 20. Revenues for graphene quantum dots 2019-2031, millions USD 91
- Figure 21. Fabrication methods of graphene. 93
- Figure 22. TEM micrographs of: A) HR-CNFs; B) GANF® HR-CNF, it can be observed its high graphitic structure; C) Unraveled ribbon from the HR-CNF; D) Detail of the ribbon; E) Scheme of the structure of the HR-CNFs; F) Large single graphene oxide sheets derived from GANF. 94
- Figure 23. (a) Graphene powder production line The Sixth Element Materials Technology Co. Ltd. (b) Graphene film production line of Wuxi Graphene Films Co. Ltd. 95
- Figure 24. Schematic illustration of the main graphene production methods. 96
- Figure 25. Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2019. 106
- Figure 26. Demand for graphene, 2018-2031, tons. 108
- Figure 27. Graphene oxide production capacity in tons p.a. by region, 2010-2020. 111
- Figure 28. Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2020. 114
- Figure 29. CVD Graphene on Cu Foil. 120
- Figure 30. Applications of graphene in 3D printing. 131
- Figure 31. Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2031. 132
- Figure 32. CNCTArch lightweight mounting for digital signalling. 133
- Figure 33. Applications of graphene in adhesives. 139
- Figure 34. Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2031. 140
- Figure 35. Graphene Adhesives. 141
- Figure 36. Summary of graphene in automobiles. 143
- Figure 37. Applications of graphene in automotive. 146
- Figure 38. Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2031. 148
- Figure 39. Supercar incorporating graphene. 148
- Figure 40. Graphene anti-corrosion primer. 150
- Figure 41. Graphene-R Brake pads. 150
- Figure 42. Antistatic graphene tire. 150
- Figure 43. Graphene engine oil additives. 151
- Figure 44. Annual cobalt demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031. 154
- Figure 45. Annual lithium demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031. 155
- Figure 46. Costs of batteries to 2031. 157
- Figure 47. Applications of graphene in batteries. 165
- Figure 48. Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2031. 167
- Figure 49. Apollo Traveler graphene-enhanced USB-C / A fast charging power bank. 168
- Figure 50. Exide Graphene Lead Acid Battery. 168
- Figure 51. 6000mAh Portable graphene batteries. 169
- Figure 52. Real Graphene Powerbank. 170
- Figure 53. Graphene Functional Films - UniTran EH/FH. 171
- Figure 54. Applications of graphene in composites. 177
- Figure 55. Demand for graphene in composites (tons), 2018-2031. 180
- Figure 56. Graphene bike. 181
- Figure 57. Graphene lacrosse equipment. 182
- Figure 58. Graphene-based suitcase made from recycled plastic. 182
- Figure 59. Aros Create. 183
- Figure 60. Grays graphene hockey sticks. 185
- Figure 61. Applications of graphene in conductive inks. 191
- Figure 62. Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2031. 192
- Figure 63. BGT Materials graphene ink product. 193
- Figure 64. Printed graphene conductive ink. 194
- Figure 65. Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink. 194
- Figure 66. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete. 197
- Figure 67. Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2031. 202
- Figure 68. Graphene asphalt additives. 203
- Figure 69. OG (Original Graphene) Concrete Admix Plus. 203
- Figure 70. Demand for graphene in wearable, flexible and stretchable electronics, 2018-2031. 209
- Figure 71. Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application. 210
- Figure 72. Applications of graphene in transistors and integrated circuits. 215
- Figure 73. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2031. 216
- Figure 74. Graphene IC in wafer tester. 217
- Figure 75. Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right). 218
- Figure 76. Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2031. 222
- Figure 77. Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random-access memory (RRAM). 223
- Figure 78. Applications of graphene in filtration. 229
- Figure 79. Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2031. 230
- Figure 80. Graphene anti-smog mask. 231
- Figure 81. Graphene filtration membrane. 232
- Figure 82. Graphene water filer cartridge. 232
- Figure 83. Applications of graphene in fuel cells. 238
- Figure 84. Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2031. 239
- Figure 85. Graphene-based E-skin patch. 241
- Figure 86. Flexible and transparent bracelet that uses graphene to measure heart rate, respiration rate etc. 246
- Figure 87. Applications of graphene in life sciences and medicine 251
- Figure 88. Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2031. 252
- Figure 89. Graphene medical biosensors for wound healing. 254
- Figure 90. Graphene Frontiers’ Six™ chemical sensors consists of a field effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel. Receptor molecules, such as DNA, are attached directly to the graphene channel. 254
- Figure 91. GraphWear wearable sweat sensor. 255
- Figure 92. BioStamp nPoint. 256
- Figure 93. Applications of graphene in lighting. 260
- Figure 94. Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2031. 261
- Figure 95. Graphene LED bulbs. 262
- Figure 96. Applications of graphene in lubricants. 267
- Figure 97. Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2031. 268
- Figure 98. Tricolit spray coating. 269
- Figure 99. Graphenoil products. 269
- Figure 100. Applications of graphene in oil and gas. 274
- Figure 101. Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2031. 275
- Figure 102. Directa Plus Grafysorber. 276
- Figure 103. Applications of graphene in paints and coatings. 281
- Figure 104. Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2031. 282
- Figure 105. Cryorig CPU cooling system with graphene coating. 283
- Figure 106. Four layers of graphene oxide coatings on polycarbonate. 284
- Figure 107. 23303 ZINCTON GNC graphene paint. 285
- Figure 108. Graphene-enhanced anti-corrosion aerosols under their Hycote brand. 285
- Figure 109. Scania Truck head lamp brackets ACT chamber 6 weeks, equivalent to 3y field use. Piece treated with GO to the left together with different non-GO coatings. 286
- Figure 110. Schematic of graphene heat film. 287
- Figure 111. Applications of graphene in photonics. 292
- Figure 112. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2031. 293
- Figure 113. All-graphene optical communication link demonstrator operating at a data rate of 25 Gb/s per channel. 294
- Figure 114. Applications of graphene in photovoltaics. 299
- Figure 115. Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2031. 300
- Figure 116. Graphene coated glass. 301
- Figure 117. Applications of graphene in rubber and tires. 306
- Figure 118. Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2031. 307
- Figure 119. Eagle F1 graphene tire. 308
- Figure 120. Graphene floor mats. 309
- Figure 121. Vittoria Corsa G+ tire. 309
- Figure 122. Graphene-based sensors for health monitoring. 310
- Figure 123. Applications of graphene in sensors. 315
- Figure 124. Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2031. 316
- Figure 125. AGILE R100 system. 317
- Figure 126. Graphene fully packaged linear array detector. 318
- Figure 127. GFET sensors. 318
- Figure 128. Graphene is used to increase sensitivity to middle-infrared light. 320
- Figure 129. Applications of graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 326
- Figure 130. Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2031. 328
- Figure 131. 878 Project One jacket display. 328
- Figure 132. Colmar graphene ski jacket. 329
- Figure 133. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing. 329
- Figure 134. G+ Graphene Aero Jersey. 330
- Figure 135. Inov-8 graphene shoes. 330
- Figure 136. Graphene Functional Membranes - UniTran GM. 331
- Figure 137. Graphene jacket. 332
- Figure 138. Applications of graphene in supercapacitors. 337
- Figure 139. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2031. 338
- Figure 140. KEPCO’s graphene supercapacitors. 339
- Figure 141. Skeleton Technologies supercapacitor. 340
- Figure 142. Zapgo supercapacitor phone charger. 340
- Figure 143. Callaway Chrome Soft golf and Chrome Soft X golf balls. 342
- Figure 144. Graphene heating films. 354
- Figure 145. Graphene flake products. 361
- Figure 146. AIKA Black-T. 364
- Figure 147. Printed graphene biosensors. 373
- Figure 148. Brain Scientific electrode schematic. 390
- Figure 149. Graphene battery schematic. 415
- Figure 150. Dotz Nano GQD products. 416
- Figure 151. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell. 423
- Figure 152. Proprietary atmospheric CVD production. 433
- Figure 153. Wearable sweat sensor. 464
- Figure 154. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination. 470
- Figure 155. Sensor surface. 485
- Figure 156. BioStamp nPoint. 499
- Figure 157. Nanotech Energy battery. 518
- Figure 158. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept. 520
- Figure 159. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite. 521
- Figure 160. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production. 522
- Figure 161. TEM images of carbon nanobrush. 523
- Figure 162. Test performance after 6 weeks ACT II according to Scania STD4445. 536
- Figure 163. Quantag GQDs and sensor. 538
- Figure 164. The Sixth Element graphene products. 550
- Figure 165. Thermal conductive graphene film. 551
- Figure 166. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint. 562
- Figure 167. T-FORCE CARDEA ZERO. 564
- Figure 168. Schematic of 2-D materials. 605
- Figure 169. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride. 608
- Figure 170. BN nanosheet textiles application. 610
- Figure 171. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx. 611
- Figure 172. Types and applications of 2D TMDCs. 614
- Figure 173. Left: Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). Right: Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) 615
- Figure 174. SEM image of MoS2. 615
- Figure 175. Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor. 617
- Figure 176. Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge. 618
- Figure 177. Borophene schematic. 619
- Figure 178. Black phosphorus structure. 621
- Figure 179. Black Phosphorus crystal. 622
- Figure 180. Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation. 623
- Figure 181: Graphitic carbon nitride. 626
- Figure 182. Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal. Credit: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology. 627
- Figure 183. Schematic of germanene. 629
- Figure 184. Graphdiyne structure. 630
- Figure 185. Schematic of Graphane crystal. 632
- Figure 186. Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulfide. 634
- Figure 187. Silicene structure. 635
- Figure 188. Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate. 636
- Figure 189. Silicene transistor. 636
- Figure 190. Crystal structure for stanene. 638
- Figure 191. Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111). 638
- Figure 192. Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe). 640
- Figure 193. Application of Li-Al LDH as CO2 sensor. 641
The Graphene Market Report 2021
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