Published January 2021 | 391 pages | 113 tables, 176 figures
The global nanocellulose market has accelerated over the last few years as producers in Japan and to a lesser extent North America and Europe bring products to market. The development of these remarkable materials has compelled major paper and pulp producers to gravitate their traditonal business towards advanced biorefineries, which have met with initial success and resulted in production capacity increases.
These bio-based materials are abundant, renewable and inexpensive but are extremely strong, durable, and lightweight, non-toxic and are lower cost than other advanced materials and nanomaterials. Used as a materials additive and in composites, nanocellulose will help to drive the global move away from oil-based plastics and products to sustainable, bio-based alternatives.
Nanocellulose (NC) can be derived from a multitude of abundant cellulosic biomass sources such as wood pulp, agricultural crops, organic waste, as well as from bacteria. Properties including high tensile strength, biocompatibility, and high aspect ratio make it attractive to a wide range of markets, from medical to construction to aerospace. As nanocellulose originates from renewable matter, its potential to replace petroleum-derived materials in films, coatings, composites, and packaging are particularly interesting in the wake of current political and societal movements towards reduction of plastic consumption.
Three types of NC are commercially available: cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). In addition to being produced in different ways, these three types also vary in their physico-chemical properties, from size to crystallinity. Most commercially produced NC is CNF, which is produced on a large scale in Japan and on the pilot scale
Most of the NC being developed for commercial purposes is in the form of CNF. Currently, many NC-based applications are at an early stages, with some applications already commercially available, mainly in Japan.
Future Markets, Inc., publisher of the first ever market report on Nanocellulose in 2011, presents The Global Market for Nanocellulose to 2030, the most comprehensive and up-to date report on nanocellulose currently available, by the world's leading market authority on nanocellulose. Profiling over 100 companies, the report provides key information for investors and executives to enable them to understand and take advantage of the opportunities provided by nanocellulose.
A must-have for anyone interested in the business and investment opportunities in nanocellulose, The Global Market for Nanocellulose 2020-2030 contains:
- Unique market assessment tools to assess the viability of nanocellulose, by market, and application.
- Tabular data on current nanocellulose products.
- Market assessment by nanocellulose type: cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC).
- Assessment of nanocellulose by market including applications, key benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for use of nanocellulose, technology drawbacks, competing materials, estimated consumption of nanocellulose to 2030 and main OEMs in each market with potential interest in nanocellulose for product integration.
- Graphical depictions of nanocellulose applications by market.
- In depth-assessment of nanocellulose producer and distributor pricing in 2020.
- Global market for nanocellulose in tons, by sector, historical and forecast to 2030.
- Market impact from COVID-19 pandemic
- In-depth profiles of nanocellulose producers including products, production capacities, manufacturing methods, collaborations, licensing, customers and target markets. Companies profiled include Granbio, Asahi Kasei, Cellucomp, Chuetsu Pulp & Paper, Daio Paper, DKS, Fiberlean, Fuji Pigment Co., Ltd. Innventia AB, KRI, Inc., Melodea, Nippon Paper, Oji and many more.
- 85 cellulose nanofiber company profiles
- 15 cellulose nanocrystal company profiles
- 10 bacterial nanocellulose company profiles
- Detailed forecasts for key growth areas, opportunities and demand.
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 26
- 1.1 Why nanocellulose? 26
- 1.2 The market in 2019 28
- 1.3 The market in 2020 32
- 1.4 Future global market outlook 33
- 1.5 Global nanocellulose production 34
- 1.5.1 Total global production capacity 2019, by type 35
- 1.5.2 Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) production capacities 2020, by producer 37
- 1.5.3 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) production capacities 2020 38
- 1.5.4 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) production capacities 2020 38
- 1.6 Global nanocellulose market demand, 2018–2030, tons 39
- 1.7 Market challenges for nanocellulose 44
- 1.8 Nanocellulose commercial products 45
- 1.9 Nanocellulose market by region 49
- 1.9.1 Japan 50
- 1.9.2 China 51
- 1.9.3 Malaysia 52
- 1.9.4 Western Europe 52
- 1.9.5 North America 53
- 1.10 Global government funding 54
- 1.11 Market impact from COVID-19 pandemic 54
2 OVERVIEW OF NANOCELLULOSE 56
- 2.1 Cellulose 56
- 2.2 Nanocellulose 57
- 2.3 Properties of nanocellulose 57
- 2.4 Advantages of nanocellulose 59
- 2.5 Manufacture of nanocellulose 59
- 2.6 Production methods 60
- 2.7 Types of nanocellulose 61
- 2.7.1 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) 63
- 2.7.2 Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) 64
- 2.7.2.1 Applications 65
- 2.7.3 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 65
- 2.7.3.1 Synthesis 67
- 2.7.3.2 Properties 69
- 2.7.3.3 Applications 70
- 2.7.4 Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC) 71
- 2.7.4.1 Applications 71
- 2.8 Synthesis 72
3 APPLICATIONS ANALYSIS 75
4 REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS 78
5 NANOCELLULOSE SUPPLY CHAIN 82
6 NANOCELLULOSE PRICING 86
- 6.1 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) 86
- 6.2 Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) 87
- 6.3 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) 88
7 NANOCELLULOSE PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS 89
8 NANOCELLULOSE IN COMPOSITES 94
- 8.1 Market overview 94
- 8.2 Market prospects 95
- 8.3 Market assessment 96
- 8.4 Applications map 100
- 8.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030 101
- 8.6 Product developer profiles 102
9 NANOCELLULOSE IN AUTOMOTIVE 104
- 9.1 Market overview 104
- 9.2 Market prospects 105
- 9.3 Market assessment 105
- 9.4 Applications map 108
- 9.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030 108
- 9.6 Product developer profiles 110
10 NANOCELLULOSE IN CONSTRUCTION 114
- 10.1 Market overview 114
- 10.2 Market prospects 114
- 10.3 Market assessment 115
- 10.4 Applications map 118
- 10.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030 119
- 10.6 Product developer profiles 120
11 NANOCELLULOSE IN PAPER AND BOARD PACKAGING 121
- 11.1 Market prospects 121
- 11.2 Market assessment 122
- 11.3 Applications map 127
- 11.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030 128
- 11.5 Product developer profiles 129
12 NANOCELLULOSE TEXTILES AND APPAREL 131
- 12.1 Market overview 131
- 12.2 Market prospects 131
- 12.3 Market assessment 132
- 12.4 Applications map 136
- 12.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030 136
- 12.6 Product developer profiles 138
13 NANOCELLULOSE IN MEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE 139
- 13.1 Market overview 139
- 13.2 Market prospects 140
- 13.3 Market assessment 141
- 13.4 Applications map 146
- 13.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030 147
- 13.6 Product developer profiles 149
14 NANOCELLULOSE IN PAINTS AND COATINGS 151
- 14.1 Market overview 151
- 14.2 Market prospects 151
- 14.3 Market assessment 152
- 14.4 Applications map 155
- 14.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030 155
- 14.6 Product developer profiles 157
15 NANOCELLULOSE IN AEROGELS 159
- 15.1 Market overview 159
- 15.2 Market prospects 159
- 15.3 Market assessment 160
- 15.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030 162
- 15.5 Product developer profiles 163
16 NANOCELLULOSE IN OIL AND GAS 164
- 16.1 Market overview 164
- 16.2 Market prospects 164
- 16.3 Market assessment 165
- 16.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030 167
- 16.5 Product developer profiles 168
17 NANOCELLULOSE IN FILTRATION 170
- 17.1 Market overview 170
- 17.2 Market prospects 172
- 17.3 Market assessment 172
- 17.4 Applications map 175
- 17.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030 176
- 17.6 Product developer profiles 177
18 NANOCELLULOSE IN RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS FOR COSMETICS, PHARMA AND FOOD ADDITIVES 178
- 18.1 Market overview 178
- 18.2 Market prospects 179
- 18.3 Market assessment 179
- 18.4 Applications map 181
- 18.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030 182
- 18.6 Product developer profiles 183
19 OTHER MARKETS FOR NANOCELLULOSE 185
- 19.1 PRINTED, STRETCHABLE AND FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS 185
- 19.1.1 Market assessment 185
- 19.1.2 Product developer profiles 188
- 19.2 NANOCELLULOSE IN 3D PRINTING 191
- 19.2.1 Market assessment 191
- 19.2.2 Product developer profiles 193
- 19.3 NANOCELLULOSE IN AEROSPACE 194
- 19.3.1 Market assessment 194
- 19.3.2 Product developer profiles 195
20 NANOCELLULOSE PRODUCER ANALYSIS 196
- 20.1 Types of nanocellulose produced, by producer 196
- 20.2 Target markets, by nanocellulose producer 198
21 CELLULOSE NANOFIBER COMPANY PROFILES 202
22 CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL (CNC) PRODUCER ANALYSIS 334
23 CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL (CNC) COMPANY PROFILES 336
24 BACTERIAL CELLULOSE (BC) COMPANY PROFILES 362
25 NANOCELLULOSE RESEARCH GROUPS AND CENTRES 371
26 RESEARCH SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY 386
- 26.1 Report scope 386
- 26.2 Research methodology 386
27 REFERENCES 388
Tables
- Table 1: Market summary for nanocellulose-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, market estimates, global consumption, main current applications, future applications 27
- Table 2. Markets and applications for nanocellulose. 28
- Table 3. Classification of nanocellulose applications by type of industrial product ranged in terms of their potential of consumption. 33
- Table 4: Global demand for nanocellulose in 2019, tons. 34
- Table 5: Market segmentation by type of nanocellulose, capacities and demand 2018. 35
- Table 6. CNF production capacities and production process, by producer. 37
- Table 7: MFC production capacities and production process, by producer. 38
- Table 8: Cellulose nanocrystal production capacities and production process, by producer. 38
- Table 9: Nanocellulose market value, by end user market demand, 2018–2030 (Tons). total. 39
- Table 10: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers/MFC by market, 2018-2030. 40
- Table 11: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2030. 42
- Table 12: Market and technical challenges in nanocellulose. 44
- Table 13: Regional demand for cellulose nanofibers, 2019, tons (total excludes MFC). 49
- Table 14. Nanocellulose producers and product developers in Japan. 50
- Table 15. Nanocellulose research centres, universities and companies in China. 51
- Table 16. Nanocellulose producers and product developers in Europe. 52
- Table 17. Nanocellulose producers and product developers in North America. 53
- Table 18. Assessment of impact from COVID-19 by end user market. Key: Low, little impact and market will continue to grow. Medium, market impacted to some degree affecting growth prospects over next 1-2 years. High: Market significantly impacted. 54
- Table 19: Properties and applications of nanocellulose. 58
- Table 20. Properties of nanocellulose, by type. 58
- Table 21: Properties of cellulose nanofibrils relative to metallic and polymeric materials. 59
- Table 22. Types of nanocellulose. 61
- Table 23: Types of nanocellulose. 63
- Table 24: Applications of cellulose nanofibers (CNF). 65
- Table 25. Synthesis methods for cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). 67
- Table 26: CNC sources, size and yield. 68
- Table 27: CNC properties. 69
- Table 28. Mechanical properties of CNC and other reinforcement materials. 69
- Table 29: Applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). 70
- Table 30: Applications of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). 71
- Table 31: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose, by application. 75
- Table 32: Safety of Micro/Nanofibrillated cellulose. 80
- Table 33: Global nanocellulose market supply chain analysis. 82
- Table 34: Product/price/application matrix of cellulose nanofiber producers. 86
- Table 35: Product/price/application matrix of cellulose nanocrystal producers. 87
- Table 36: Product/price/application matrix of bacterial nanocellulose producers. 88
- Table 37: Nanocellulose patents and scientific articles by organisation. 91
- Table 38: Main patent assignees for CNC. 92
- Table 39: Main patent assignees for CNF. 92
- Table 40: Main patent assignees for NCC. 92
- Table 41. Market overview for nanocellulose in composites. 94
- Table 42. Comparative properties of polymer composites reinforcing materials. 94
- Table 43. Scorecard for nanocellulose in composites. 95
- Table 44. Market assessment for nanocellulose in composites-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global composites OEMs. 96
- Table 45: Global market demand for nanocellulose in composites, 2018-2030 (tons). 101
- Table 46: Companies developing nanocellulose composites. 102
- Table 47. Market overview for nanocellulose in automotive. 104
- Table 48. Scorecard for nanocellulose in automotive. 105
- Table 49. Market assessment for nanocellulose in automotive-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global automotive OEMs. 105
- Table 50: Global market demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector 2018-2030 (tons). 108
- Table 51: Companies developing nanocellulose products in the automotive industry. 110
- Table 52. Market overview for nanocellulose in construction. 114
- Table 53. Scorecard for nanocellulose in construction 114
- Table 54. Comparison of CNC with steel and other materials. 115
- Table 55. Market assessment for nanocellulose in construction-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global construction OEMs 116
- Table 56: Market demand for nanocellulose in construction, 2018-2030 (tons). 119
- Table 57: Companies developing nanocellulose in construction. 120
- Table 58. Oxygen permeability of nanocellulose films compared to those made form commercially available petroleum-based materials and other polymers. 121
- Table 59. Scorecard for nanocellulose in paper and board packaging. 121
- Table 60. Market assessment for nanocellulose in paper and board packaging-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global paper and board packaging OEMs. 122
- Table 61: Global demand for nanocellulose in paper & board packaging, 2018-2030 (tons). 128
- Table 62: Companies developing nanocellulose products in paper and board. 129
- Table 63. Market overview for nanocellulose in textiles and apparel. 131
- Table 64. Scorecard for nanocellulose in textiles and apparel. 131
- Table 65. Market assessment for nanocellulose in textiles and apparel-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global textiles and apparel OEMs. 132
- Table 66: Demand for nanocellulose in textiles, 2018-2030 (tons). 136
- Table 67: Companies developing nanocellulose products in textiles and apparel. 138
- Table 68. Market overview for nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare. 139
- Table 69. Scorecard for nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare. 140
- Table 70. Market assessment for nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global medicine and healthcare OEMs. 141
- Table 71: Global demand for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare, 2018-2030 (tons). 147
- Table 72: Global demand for nanocellulose in hygiene and absorbents, 2018-2030 (tons). 148
- Table 73: Nanocellulose product developers in medicine and healthcare. 149
- Table 74. Market overview for nanocellulose in paints and coatings. 151
- Table 75. Scorecard for nanocellulose in paints and coatings. 151
- Table 76. Market assessment for nanocellulose in paints and coatings-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global paints and coatings OEMs. 152
- Table 77: Global demand for nanocellulose in paint and coatings, 2018-2030 (tons). 155
- Table 78: Companies developing nanocellulose products in paints and coatings, applications targeted and stage of commercialization. 157
- Table 79. Market overview for nanocellulose in aerogels. 159
- Table 80. Scorecard for nanocellulose in aerogels. 159
- Table 81. Market assessment for nanocellulose in aerogels and insulation-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global aerogels OEMs. 160
- Table 82: Global demand for nanocellulose in aerogels and insulation, 2018-2030 (tons). 162
- Table 83: Nanocellulose product developers in aerogels and insulation. 163
- Table 84. Market overview for nanocellulose in oil and gas. 164
- Table 85. Scorecard for nanocellulose in oil and gas. 164
- Table 86. Market assessment for nanocellulose in oil and gas-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global oil and gas OEMs. 165
- Table 87: Global demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas market, 2018-2030 (tons). 167
- Table 88: Nanocellulose product developers in oil and gas exploration. 168
- Table 89. CNF membranes. 171
- Table 90. Market overview for nanocellulose in filtration. 171
- Table 91. Scorecard for nanocellulose in filtration. 172
- Table 92. Market assessment for nanocellulose in filtration-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global filtration OEMs. 172
- Table 93: Global demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2018-2030 (tons). 176
- Table 94: Companies developing nanocellulose products in filtration. 177
- Table 95. Market overview for nanocellulose in rheology modifiers. 178
- Table 96. Scorecard for nanocellulose in rheology modifiers. 179
- Table 97. Market assessment for nanocellulose in rheology modifiers-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global rheology modifier OEMs. 179
- Table 98: Global demand for nanocellulose in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2030 (tons). 182
- Table 99: Commercial activity in nanocellulose rheology modifiers. 183
- Table 100. Properties of flexible electronics‐cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper). 185
- Table 101. Market assessment for nanocellulose in printed, stretchable and flexible electronics-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global printed, flexible and stretchable electronics OEMs. 186
- Table 102: Companies developing cellulose nanofiber products in printed, stretchable and flexible electronics. 188
- Table 103. Market assessment for nanocellulose in 3D priniting-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global 3D printing OEMs. 191
- Table 104: Companies developing nanocellulose 3D printing products. 193
- Table 105. Market assessment for nanocellulose in aerospace-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global aerospace OEMs. 194
- Table 106: Companies developing nanocellulose products in aircraft and aerospace. 195
- Table 107: Nanocellulose producers and types of nanocellulose produced. 196
- Table 108: Target markets, by nanocellulose producer. 198
- Table 109: Granbio Nanocellulose Processes. 245
- Table 110: Oji Holdings CNF products. 288
- Table 111: CNC producers and production capacities. 334
- Table 112: Target market, by cellulose nanocrystal producer. 335
- Table 113. Fibnano properties. 367
Figures
- Figure 1: Market segmentation by type of nanocellulose, capacities and demand 2019. 36
- Figure 2: Nanocellulose market value, by end user market demand, 2018–2030 (Tons). total. 40
- Figure 3: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers/MFC by market, 2018-2030. 41
- Figure 4: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2030. 43
- Figure 5: Nanocellulose-based commercial products. 45
- Figure 6. Dorayaki. 45
- Figure 7. ENASAVE NEXT. 46
- Figure 8. GEL-KAYANO™. 46
- Figure 9. Kirekira! toilet wipes. 47
- Figure 10. "Poise" series Super strong deodorant sheet. 47
- Figure 11. SC-3 (B) speakers. 47
- Figure 12. SE-MONITOR5 headphones. 48
- Figure 13. "Skin Care Acty" series Adult diapers. 48
- Figure 14. "SURISURI" Lotion. 48
- Figure 15: Regional demand for cellulose nanofibers, 2019. 49
- Figure 16: Schematic diagram of partial molecular structure of cellulose chain with numbering for carbon atoms and n= number of cellobiose repeating unit. 56
- Figure 17: Scale of cellulose materials. 57
- Figure 18: Types of nanocellulose. 62
- Figure 19: Relationship between different kinds of nanocelluloses. 62
- Figure 20: CNF gel. 64
- Figure 21. TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals. 66
- Figure 22. CNC preparation. 67
- Figure 23: Extracting CNC from trees. 68
- Figure 24: CNC slurry. 70
- Figure 25. Nanocellulose preparation methods and resulting materials. 72
- Figure 26. Various preparation methods for nanocellulose. 75
- Figure 27: (a) Number of research publications on the different nomenclatures of nanocellulosic materials per year during the last decade. (b) Cumulative number of research article number published per nomenclature. 89
- Figure 28. Published patent publications for nanocellulose, 2009-2018. 90
- Figure 29: Nanocellulose patents by field of application. 90
- Figure 30. Applications of nanocellulose in composites. 100
- Figure 31: Global market demand for nanocellulose in composites, 2018-2030 (tons). 102
- Figure 32. CNF mixed PLA (Poly Lactic Acid). 102
- Figure 33: CNF resin products. 103
- Figure 34. Interior of NCV concept car. 104
- Figure 35. Applications of nanocellulose in automotive. 108
- Figure 36: Global demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector, 2018-2030 (tons). 109
- Figure 37: Daio Paper's cellulose nanofiber material in doors and hood of race car. 110
- Figure 38: CNF composite. 111
- Figure 39: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins. 111
- Figure 40. The structure of the CNF-based front hood. 112
- Figure 41. CNF car engine cover developed in Japan Ministry of the Environment’s (MOE) Nano Cellulose Vehicle (NCV) Project. 112
- Figure 42. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete. 115
- Figure 43. Applications of nanocellulose in construction. 118
- Figure 44: Demand for nanocellulose in construction, 2018-2030 (tons). 119
- Figure 45. Applications of nanocellulose in paper and board packaging. 128
- Figure 46: Global demand for nanocellulose in the paper & board/packaging, 2018-2030 (tons). 129
- Figure 47. Applications of nanocellulose in textiles and apparel. 136
- Figure 48: Demand for nanocellulose in the textiles, 2018-2030 (tons). 137
- Figure 49: CNF deodorant products. 138
- Figure 50. Applications of nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare. 146
- Figure 51: Global demand for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare, 2018-2030 (tons). 147
- Figure 52: Global demand for nanocellulose in hygiene and absorbents 2018-2030 (tons). 148
- Figure 53. Fibnano. 150
- Figure 54. Applications of nanocellulose in paints and coatings. 155
- Figure 55: Global demand for nanocellulose in paint and coatings, 2018-2030 (tons). 156
- Figure 56. Hefcel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test. 158
- Figure 57: Global demand for nanocellulose in aerogels and insulation, 2018-2030 (tons). 163
- Figure 58: Global demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas market, 2018-2030 (tons). 168
- Figure 59. Nanocellulose sponge developed by EMPA for potential applications in oil recovery. 169
- Figure 60. Applications of nanocellulose in filtration. 176
- Figure 61: Global demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2018-2030 (tons). 177
- Figure 62. Multi-layered cross section of CNF-nw. 177
- Figure 63. Applications of nanocellulose in rheology modifers. 181
- Figure 64: Global demand for nanocellulose in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2030 (tons). 182
- Figure 65. "SURISURI" products. 184
- Figure 66: Foldable nanopaper antenna. 186
- Figure 67: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF. 189
- Figure 68. Oji CNF transparent sheets. 189
- Figure 69. Electronic components using NFC as insulating materials. 190
- Figure 70: Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel. 203
- Figure 71. MEDICELLU™. 203
- Figure 72: Ashai Kasei CNF production process. 205
- Figure 73: Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet. 206
- Figure 74: Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric. 206
- Figure 75: CNF nonwoven fabric. 207
- Figure 76. Borregaard Chemcell CNF production process. 211
- Figure 77. nanoforest products. 220
- Figure 78. Chuetsu Pulp & Paper CNF production process. 221
- Figure 79. nanoforest-S. 221
- Figure 80. nanoforest-PDP. 222
- Figure 81. nanoforest-MB. 222
- Figure 82. Daicel Corporation CNF production process. 224
- Figure 83. Celish. 224
- Figure 84: Trunk lid incorporating CNF. 225
- Figure 85. Daio Paper CNF production process. 227
- Figure 86. ELLEX products. 228
- Figure 87. CNF-reinforced PP compounds. 229
- Figure 88. Kirekira! toilet wipes. 229
- Figure 89. Color CNF. 230
- Figure 90. DIC Products CNF production process. 232
- Figure 91. DKS Co. Ltd. CNF production process. 234
- Figure 92: Rheocrysta spray. 235
- Figure 93. DKS CNF products. 235
- Figure 94: CNF based on citrus peel. 237
- Figure 95. Citrus cellulose nanofiber. 237
- Figure 96. Imerys CNF production process. 239
- Figure 97. Filler Bank CNC products. 241
- Figure 98: Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE). 242
- Figure 99: CNF products from Furukawa Electric. 243
- Figure 100. Granbio CNF production process. 246
- Figure 101: Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials. 247
- Figure 102. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer). 249
- Figure 103: CNF gel. 251
- Figure 104: Block nanocellulose material. 251
- Figure 105: CNF products developed by Hokuetsu. 252
- Figure 106. Innventia CNF production process. 254
- Figure 107: Innventia AB movable nanocellulose demo plant. 255
- Figure 108. Kami Shoji CNF products. 257
- Figure 109. Dual Graft System. 258
- Figure 110: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins. 259
- Figure 111. Acrylic resin blended with modified CNF (fluid) and its molded product (transparent film), and image obtained with AFM (CNF 10wt% blended). 260
- Figure 112: 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side). 261
- Figure 113. Kruger Biomaterials, Inc. CNF production process. 263
- Figure 114. CNF deodorant. 265
- Figure 115. Chitin nanofiber product. 266
- Figure 116. Marusumi Paper cellulose nanofiber products. 268
- Figure 117. FibriMa cellulose nanofiber powder. 269
- Figure 118. Cellulomix production process. 270
- Figure 119. Nanobase versus conventional products. 271
- Figure 120. Uni-ball Signo UMN-307. 272
- Figure 121: CNF slurries. 273
- Figure 122. Range of CNF products. 273
- Figure 123: Nanocell serum product. 274
- Figure 124: Hydrophobization facilities for raw pulp. 276
- Figure 125: Mixing facilities for CNF-reinforced plastic. 276
- Figure 126. Nippon Paper CNF production process. 278
- Figure 127: Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers. 280
- Figure 128. All-resin forceps incorporating CNF. 281
- Figure 129. CNF paint product. 282
- Figure 130: CNF wet powder. 284
- Figure 131: CNF transparent film. 284
- Figure 132: Transparent CNF sheets. 285
- Figure 133. Oji Paper CNF production process. 286
- Figure 134: CNF clear sheets. 288
- Figure 135. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product. 290
- Figure 136: Fluorene cellulose ® powder. 291
- Figure 137. Performance Biofilaments CNF production process. 292
- Figure 138: XCNF. 294
- Figure 139: CNF insulation flat plates. 295
- Figure 140. Seiko PMC CNF production process. 298
- Figure 141. Manufacturing process for STARCEL. 299
- Figure 142: Rubber soles incorporating CNF. 301
- Figure 143. CNF dispersion and powder from Starlite. 302
- Figure 144. Stora Enso CNF production process. 303
- Figure 145. Sugino Machine CNF production process. 305
- Figure 146: High Pressure Water Jet Process. 305
- Figure 147: 2 wt.% CNF suspension. 306
- Figure 148. BiNFi-s Dry Powder. 306
- Figure 149. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet. 307
- Figure 150: Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material. 307
- Figure 151: SVILOSA AD CNC products. 309
- Figure 152: Silver / CNF composite dispersions. 313
- Figure 153: CNF/nanosilver powder. 314
- Figure 154: Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF. 315
- Figure 155: CNF resin products. 317
- Figure 156. University of Maine CNF production process. 318
- Figure 157. UPM-Kymmene CNF production process. 320
- Figure 158. FibDex® wound dressing. 321
- Figure 159. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process. 323
- Figure 160: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF. 324
- Figure 161. VTT 100% bio-based stand-up pouches. 326
- Figure 162. VTT CNF production process. 328
- Figure 163: HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test. 329
- Figure 164: Bio-based barrier bags prepared from Tempo-CNF coated bio-HDPE film. 330
- Figure 165. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process. 332
- Figure 166: R3TM process technology. 339
- Figure 167: Blue Goose CNC Production Process. 340
- Figure 168: NCCTM Process. 343
- Figure 169: Celluforce production process. 344
- Figure 170: CNC produced at Tech Futures’ pilot plant; cloudy suspension (1 wt.%), gel-like (10 wt.%), flake-like crystals, and very fine powder. Product advantages include: 345
- Figure 171: Plantrose process. 351
- Figure 172. CNC solution. 356
- Figure 173. University of Maine CNF production process. 357
- Figure 174. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process. 359
- Figure 175. Cellugy materials. 365
- Figure 176: Bacterial cellulose face mask sheet. 366
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